Misplaced Pages

#888111

69-484: Existence of the then-unfinished enrichment plant was disclosed to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) by Iran on 21 September 2009, but only after the site became known to Western intelligence services. Western officials strongly condemned Iran for not disclosing the site earlier; U.S. President Barack Obama said that Fordow had been under U.S. surveillance. Iran argues that this disclosure

138-572: A hub for the various fields of science involved in the peaceful applications of nuclear technology. The IAEA recognizes knowledge as the nuclear energy industry's most valuable asset and resource, without which the industry cannot operate safely and economically. Following the IAEA General Conference since 2002 resolutions the Nuclear Knowledge Management , a formal program was established to address Member States' priorities in

207-497: A new campus of the university was established in Isfahan . But later that campus became an independent university, named Isfahan University of Technology (IUT). The emblem of IUT still closely resembles SUT's emblem . Following the revolution, the university was named after Majid Sharif Vaghefi , who was one of the People's Mujahedin of Iran group's leaders who was killed by the members of

276-677: A special meeting of the IAEA General Conference to approve his appointment, on 3 December Grossi became the first Latin American to head the Agency. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine , Grossi visited Ukraine multiple times as part of the ongoing efforts to help prevent a nuclear accident during the war . He warned against any complacency towards the dangers that the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant , Europe's largest nuclear power plant,

345-782: A splinter group (later renamed to Peykar Organization) who had recently converted from Islam to Marxism and were adamant to forcefully change the Mujahedin's organization's ideology to Marxism. Currently, the university has about 12,000 students and over 700 faculty members in 16 main departments. During the Mahsa Amini protests in 2022, many students participated, with video footage of the protest and subsequent response by Iranian security forces published first to social media and then by major news organizations. Iranian state news agency IRNA reported that at least 37 students were arrested and most were released shortly afterwards. The main campus of

414-571: A stipulated geographic diversity. The Board, in its five-yearly meetings, is responsible for making most of the policies of the IAEA. The Board makes recommendations to the General Conference on IAEA activities and budget, is responsible for publishing IAEA standards and appoints the Director-General subject to General Conference approval. Board members each receive one vote. Budget matters require

483-571: A total of 412 students who were selected by national examination. Also, only four departments were established: Electrical, Metallurgical, Mechanical, and Chemical Engineering. In 1972, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi appointed Sayyed Hosein Nasr as president of the university with the goal of modeling the school based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , but with roots in Iranian culture. In 1974

552-455: A two-thirds majority. All other matters require only a simple majority. The simple majority also has the power to stipulate issues that will thereafter require a two-thirds majority. Two-thirds of all Board members must be present to call a vote. The Board elects its own chairman. The General Conference is made up of all 178 member states. It meets once a year, typically in September, to approve

621-574: Is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons . It was established in 1957 as an autonomous organization within the United Nations system ; though governed by its own founding treaty , the organization reports to both the General Assembly and the Security Council of

690-455: Is in two parts. The regular budget funds most activities of the IAEA and is assessed to each member nation (€344 million in 2014). The Technical Cooperation Fund is funded by voluntary contributions with a general target in the US$ 90 ;million range. In 2011, Russian nuclear accident specialist Yuliy Andreev was critical of the response to Fukushima, and says that the IAEA did not learn from

759-558: Is limited to the top 800 of the 500,000 students who pass the national entrance examination administered annually by the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology . In the 2013 Academic Ranking of World Universities Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences rankings, SUT was ranked 5th in the Middle East. It is in the top 251–275 universities in the world and 37th in Asia in

SECTION 10

#1732844368889

828-566: Is not permitted to have any fissile material in Fordow. Under the terms of the nuclear agreement with Iran, two-thirds of the centrifuges inside Fordo have been removed in recent months, along with all nuclear material. The facility is banned from any nuclear-related work and is being converted to other uses, eliminating the threat that prompted the attack plan, at least for the next 15 years. In 2018, Israeli company ImageSat published satellite photographs showing renewed construction and development at

897-722: Is not under the direct control of the UN, but the IAEA does report to both the UN General Assembly and Security Council. Unlike most other specialized international agencies, the IAEA does much of its work with the Security Council, and not with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The structure and functions of the IAEA are defined by its founding document, the IAEA Statute (see below). The IAEA has three main bodies:

966-414: Is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose." Its primary functions in this area, according to Article III, are to encourage research and development, to secure or provide materials, services, equipment, and facilities for Member States, and to foster the exchange of scientific and technical information and training. Three of the IAEA's six departments are principally charged with promoting

1035-655: Is the sole global organisation overseeing the nuclear energy industry, yet it is also weighed down by checking compliance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). In 2011, the journal Nature reported that the International Atomic Energy Agency should be strengthened to make independent assessments of nuclear safety and that "the public would be better served by an IAEA more able to deliver frank and independent assessments of nuclear crises as they unfold". The process of joining

1104-464: Is the toughest Iranian university to get admission to. Established in 1966 under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi , it was formerly named the Aryamehr University of Technology ( Persian : دانشگاه صنعتی آریامهر , romanized :  Dāneŝgāhe Sannatiye Āryāmehr ) and for a short period after the 1979 revolution , the university was called Tehran University of Technology. Following

1173-399: Is used in the safest possible way". The IAEA is generally described as having three main missions: According to Article II of the IAEA Statute, the objectives of the IAEA are "to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world" and to "ensure ... that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control

1242-595: The Board of Governors , the General Conference , and the Secretariat. The IAEA exists to pursue the "safe, secure and peaceful uses of nuclear sciences and technology" (Pillars 2005). The IAEA executes this mission with three main functions: the inspection of existing nuclear facilities to ensure their peaceful use, providing information and developing standards to ensure the safety and security of nuclear facilities, and as

1311-467: The Iran–Iraq War at the universities' Mosque court. This non-profit organization is registered in the state of California, USA and has many chapters and affiliates around the world. Its mission is to enhance professional, academic, and social contacts among its membership, and to strengthen the ties between the association members living outside of Iran and the university. Alumni in academics include

1380-749: The Soviet Union would reject any international custody of fissile material if the United States did not agree to disarmament first, but that a clearinghouse for nuclear transactions might be possible. From 8 to 20 August 1955, the United Nations held the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland . In October 1957, a Conference on the IAEA Statute was held at

1449-533: The United Nations , and is headquartered at the UN Office at Vienna , Austria. The IAEA was created in response to growing international concern toward nuclear weapons, especially amid rising tensions between the foremost nuclear powers, the United States and the Soviet Union. U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower 's " Atoms for Peace" speech , which called for the creation of an international organization to monitor

SECTION 20

#1732844368889

1518-533: The nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl, Ukraine , the IAEA redoubled its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The IAEA says that the same happened after the Fukushima disaster in Fukushima, Japan. In June 2011, the IAEA chief said he had "broad support for his plan to strengthen international safety checks on nuclear power plants to help avoid any repeat of Japan's Fukushima crisis". Peer-reviewed safety checks on reactors worldwide, organized by

1587-503: The 1986 Chernobyl disaster . He has accused the IAEA and corporations of "wilfully ignoring lessons from the world's worst nuclear accident 25 years ago to protect the industry's expansion". The IAEA's role "as an advocate for nuclear power has made it a target for protests". The journal Nature has reported that the IAEA response to the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan was "sluggish and sometimes confusing", drawing calls for

1656-475: The 2014 Times Higher Education World University Rankings . In the 2014 Times Higher Education top 100 for newer universities (less than 50 years old), SUT ranked 1st in the Middle East, 6th in Asia, and 27th in the world. In 2023, according to US News , the world ranking of this university reached 598. The university was founded in 1966 with the name Aryamehr University of Industry by Mohammad Ali Mojtahedi . At that time, there were 54 faculty members and

1725-518: The 2020 Academic Ranking of World Universities (also known as Shanghai Ranking), the university ranked between 501 and 600 in the world and first in Iran. According to the QS Ranking , Sharif University of Technology has stood in the first place of Iran and maintained its international rank 334th. In the 2022-2023 U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking , the university ranked 598th in

1794-445: The 21st century. In 2004, the IAEA developed a Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy (PACT). PACT responds to the needs of developing countries to establish, to improve, or to expand radiotherapy treatment programs. The IAEA is raising money to help efforts by its Member States to save lives and reduce the suffering of cancer victims. The IAEA has established programs to help developing countries in planning to build systematically

1863-449: The Agency or at its request or under its supervision or control are not used in such a way as to further any military purpose; and to apply safeguards, at the request of the parties, to any bilateral or multilateral arrangement, or at the request of a State, to any of that State's activities in the field of atomic energy." The Department of Safeguards is responsible for carrying out this mission, through technical measures designed to verify

1932-522: The Director-General, the Board and member states can table issues to be discussed by the General Conference (IAEA Primer). This function of the General Conference is almost identical to the General Assembly of the United Nations . The Secretariat is the professional and general service staff of the IAEA. The Secretariat is headed by the Director General. The Director General is responsible for enforcement of

2001-453: The Fordow facility. On 5 November 2019, Iranian nuclear chief Ali Akbar Salehi announced that Iran will enrich uranium to 5% at Fordow. In January 2020 the Fordow site had 1,044 centrifuges designed to enrich uranium hexafluoride . In January 2021 the Fordow site began to produce uranium enriched to a 20% level. In March 2023 CNN reported that "near bomb-grade" uranium had been found at Fordow. The IAEA confirmed that 83.7% pure U238

2070-430: The Fordow site can be found at coordinates 34.885649,50.99669. Images zoomed to the 20 meter level show a large double fence perimeter border erected around the site with towers located every 25 meters. Six 10 meter wide entry portals to the complex are located within the fenced area, as well as several buildings, the largest of which is approximately 5,500 square metres (59,000 sq ft). Iranian authorities state

2139-410: The General Conference can, by simple majority, designate issues to require a two-thirds majority. The General Conference elects a President at each annual meeting to facilitate an effective meeting. The President only serves for the duration of the session (Statute). The main function of the General Conference is to serve as a forum for debate on current issues and policies. Any of the other IAEA organs,

Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant - Misplaced Pages Continue

2208-456: The Headquarters of the United Nations to approve the founding document for the IAEA, which was negotiated in 1955–1957 by a group of twelve countries. The Statute of the IAEA was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957. Former US Congressman W. Sterling Cole served as the IAEA's first Director-General from 1957 to 1961. Cole served only one term, after which the IAEA

2277-629: The IAEA Statute defines the Agency's twin objectives as promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy and "ensur[ing], so far as it is able, that assistance provided by it or at its request or under its supervision or control is not used in such a way as to further any military purpose." To do this, the IAEA is authorized in Article III.A.5 of the Statute "to establish and administer safeguards designed to ensure that special fissionable and other materials, services, equipment, facilities, and information made available by

2346-585: The IAEA has laboratories and research centers located in Seibersdorf , Austria, in Monaco and in Trieste , Italy. The Board of Governors is one of two policy-making bodies of the IAEA. The Board consists of 22 member states elected by the General Conference, and at least 10 member states nominated by the outgoing Board. The outgoing Board designates the ten members who are the most advanced in atomic energy technology, plus

2415-704: The IAEA increased its efforts in the field of nuclear safety . The same happened after the 2011 Fukushima disaster in Fukushima, Japan. Both the IAEA and its then Director General, ElBaradei, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. In his acceptance speech in Oslo, ElBaradei stated that only one percent of the money spent on developing new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world, and that, if we hope to escape self-destruction, then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience, and no role in our security. On 2 July 2009, Yukiya Amano of Japan

2484-498: The IAEA is fairly simple. Normally, a State would notify the Director General of its desire to join, and the Director would submit the application to the Board for consideration. If the Board recommends approval, and the General Conference approves the application for membership, the State must then submit its instrument of acceptance of the IAEA Statute to the United States, which functions as

2553-407: The IAEA, have been proposed. In 1946 United Nations Atomic Energy Commission was founded, but stopped working in 1949 and was disbanded in 1952. In 1953, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower proposed the creation of an international body to both regulate and promote the peaceful use of atomic power (nuclear power), in his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly. In September 1954,

2622-1009: The IAEA. Four states have withdrawn from the IAEA. North Korea was a Member State from 1974 to 1994, but withdrew after the Board of Governors found it in non-compliance with its safeguards agreement and suspended most technical co-operation. Nicaragua became a member in 1957, withdrew its membership in 1970, and rejoined in 1977, Honduras joined in 1957, withdrew in 1967, and rejoined in 2003, while Cambodia joined in 1958, withdrew in 2003, and rejoined in 2009. There are four regional cooperative areas within IAEA, that share information, and organize conferences within their regions: The African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology (AFRA): Cooperative Agreement for Arab States in Asia for Research, Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology (ARASIA): Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training Related to Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and

2691-592: The Pacific (RCA): Sharif University of Technology Sharif University of Technology (SUT) ; ( Persian : دانشگاه صنعتی شریف , romanized  : Dāneshgāh-e sana'ti-e sharif) is a public research university in Tehran , Iran . Nicknamed "the MIT of Iran", it is widely considered to be the nation's most prestigious and leading institution for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics ( STEM ) fields. Every year,

2760-479: The United States proposed to the General Assembly the creation of an international agency to take control of fissile material , which could be used either for nuclear power or for nuclear weapons. This agency would establish a kind of "nuclear bank". The United States also called for an international scientific conference on all of the peaceful aspects of nuclear power. By November 1954, it had become clear that

2829-408: The actions and budgets passed on from the Board of Governors. The General Conference also approves the nominee for Director General and requests reports from the Board on issues in question (Statute). Each member receives one vote. Issues of budget, Statute amendment and suspension of a member's privileges require a two-thirds majority and all other issues require a simple majority. Similar to the Board,

Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant - Misplaced Pages Continue

2898-512: The actions passed by the Board of Governors and the General Conference. The Director General is selected by the Board and approved by the General Conference for renewable four-year terms. The Director General oversees six departments that do the actual work in carrying out the policies of the IAEA: Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Safety and Security, Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Safeguards, Technical Cooperation, and Management. The IAEA budget

2967-428: The agency to "take a more proactive role in nuclear safety". But nuclear experts say that the agency's complicated mandate and the constraints imposed by its member states mean that reforms will not happen quickly or easily, although its INES "emergency scale is very likely to be revisited" given the confusing way in which it was used in Japan. Some scientists say that the Fukushima nuclear accidents have revealed that

3036-867: The agency's containment and surveillance.” Under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action of April 2015, the Fordow plant was to be restructured to less intensive research use. The Fordow facility was to stop enriching uranium and researching uranium enrichment for at least fifteen years, and the facility was to be converted into a nuclear physics and technology centre. For 15 years, it would maintain no more than 1,044 IR-1 centrifuges in six cascades in one wing of Fordow. "Two of those six cascades will spin without uranium and will be transitioned, including through appropriate infrastructure modification," for stable radioisotope production for medical, agricultural, industrial, and scientific use. "The other four cascades with all associated infrastructure will remain idle." Iran

3105-566: The capability to manage a nuclear power program, including the Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Group, which has carried out Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review missions in Indonesia , Jordan , Thailand and Vietnam . The IAEA reports that roughly 60 countries are considering how to include nuclear power in their energy plans. To enhance the sharing of information and experience among IAEA Member States concerning

3174-447: The correctness and completeness of states' nuclear declarations. The IAEA classifies safety as one of its top three priorities. It spends 8.9 percent of its 352 million-euro ($ 469 million) regular budget in 2011 on making plants secure from accidents. Its resources are used on the other two priorities: technical co-operation and preventing nuclear weapons proliferation . The IAEA itself says that, beginning in 1986, in response to

3243-545: The depositary Government for the IAEA Statute. The State is considered a member when its acceptance letter is deposited. The United States then informs the IAEA, which notifies other IAEA Member States. Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA. The IAEA has 178 member states. Most UN members and the Holy See are Member States of

3312-669: The developing world. Following the ratification of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in 1968, all non-nuclear powers are required to negotiate a safeguards agreement with the IAEA, which is given the authority to monitor nuclear programs and to inspect nuclear facilities. In 2005, the IAEA and its administrative head, Director General Mohamed ElBaradei , were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes

3381-470: The facility is built deep in a mountain because of repeated threats by Israel to attack such facilities, which Israel believes can be used to produce nuclear weapons . However, attacking a nuclear facility so close to the city of Qom which is considered so holy between Shia Muslims brings concern of a potential risk of a Shiite religious response. In November 2013, hundreds of Iranians, mostly students of Sharif University of Technology , accompanied by

3450-849: The global proliferation of nuclear resources and technology, is credited with catalyzing the formation of the IAEA, whose treaty came into force on 29 July 1957 upon U.S. ratification. The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical cooperation on the peaceful use of nuclear technology and nuclear power worldwide. It maintains several programs that encourage the development of peaceful applications of nuclear energy, science, and technology; provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials ; and promote and implement nuclear safety (including radiation protection ) and nuclear security standards. The organization also conducts research in nuclear science and provides technical support and training in nuclear technology to countries worldwide, particularly in

3519-685: The head of AEOI, Ali Akbar Salehi , and several Majles (parliament) representatives formed a human chain around the Fordow uranium enrichment facility. The students were there to show their support for the Iranian nuclear program. In 2016, Iran stationed anti-aircraft S-300 missile system at the site. In February 2023 the IAEA remarked that the Fordow plant had changed. 34°53′04″N 50°59′53″E  /  34.8845°N 50.9981°E  / 34.8845; 50.9981 International Atomic Energy Agency In Europe: In North America: In Asia: The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA )

SECTION 50

#1732844368889

3588-510: The late Maryam Mirzakhani , professor of mathematics at Stanford University and the first woman to be awarded a Fields Medal . Imprisoned human rights blogger Kouhyar Goudarzi was an aerospace student at Sharif until pressure from state security forces allegedly caused his dismissal. Omid Kokabee , an applied physics and mechanics alumnus, was arrested while visiting Iran during his postdoctoral research in University of Texas at Austin. He

3657-559: The most advanced members from any of the following areas that are not represented by the first ten: North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Africa, Middle East, and South Asia, South East Asia, the Pacific, and the Far East. These members are designated for one year terms. The General Conference elects 22 members from the remaining nations to two-year terms. Eleven are elected each year. The 22 elected members must also represent

3726-471: The nuclear industry lacks sufficient oversight, leading to renewed calls to redefine the mandate of the IAEA so that it can better police nuclear power plants worldwide. There are several problems with the IAEA says Najmedin Meshkati of University of Southern California : It recommends safety standards, but member states are not required to comply; it promotes nuclear energy, but it also monitors nuclear use; it

3795-634: The peaceful uses of nuclear energy. The Department of Nuclear Energy focuses on providing advice and services to Member States on nuclear power and the nuclear fuel cycle. The Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications focuses on the use of non-power nuclear and isotope techniques to help IAEA Member States in the areas of water, energy, health, biodiversity, and agriculture. The Department of Technical Cooperation provides direct assistance to IAEA Member States, through national, regional, and inter-regional projects through training, expert missions, scientific exchanges, and provision of equipment. Article II of

3864-473: The president of the time. Whereas, Anjoman was a loyal follower. There have been several clashes between member students of the two groups. Free speech tribunes, occasionally end in harsh quarrel-like debates. However, the major clash between Anjoman and Basij occurred while the student movement was in silence in most other universities. In 2006, a serious controversy resulting in physical tensions, occurred after Basij attempted to bury bodies of unknown martyrs of

3933-420: The revolution, the university was named after Majid Sharif Vaghefi . Today, the university provides both undergraduate and graduate programs in 15 main departments. The student body consists of about 6,000 undergraduate students and 4,700 graduate students from all the 31 provinces of Iran. Funding for Sharif University is provided by the government and through private funding. Undergraduate admission to Sharif

4002-902: The seismic safety of nuclear facilities, in 2008 the IAEA established the International Seismic Safety Centre. This centre is establishing safety standards and providing for their application in relation to site selection, site evaluation and seismic design. The IAEA has its headquarters since its founding in Vienna , Austria. The IAEA has two "Regional Safeguards Offices" which are located in Toronto , Canada, and in Tokyo , Japan. The IAEA also has two liaison offices which are located in New York City, United States, and in Geneva , Switzerland. In addition,

4071-495: The smartest and the most prospective students in Iran, ranked according to the results of the Iranian University Entrance Exam , choose to study at SUT at Bachelor's , Master's as well as PhD levels. For those students who wish to study STEM related fields, especially the most popular ones such as Computer engineering , Electrical engineering and Mechanical engineering , Sharif University of Technology

4140-600: The university is located in the Tarasht neighborhood, near Azadi Square , Tehran , Iran . It is located close to the Azadi Tower , which is the symbol of Tehran and one of the main transportation hubs. The endowment of Sharif University of Technology has been estimated at $ 25 million. Sharif University also has an International Campus on Kish Island in Persian Gulf . The International Campus of Sharif University of Technology

4209-475: The world. Through the student political movement after the 2nd of Khordad Movement , Sharif students were also actively involved. The major groups with political intentions at Sharif, during 1997–2003, were students Basij and the Association of Muslim students, briefly called Anjoman (Association). Most other smaller groups were allies of either Basij or Anjoman. Basij was a serious opposer of Mohammad Khatami ,

SECTION 60

#1732844368889

4278-402: Was consistent with its legal obligations under its Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA, which Iran claims requires Iran to declare new facilities 180 days before they receive nuclear material. However, the IAEA stated that Iran was bound by its agreement in 2003 to declare the facility as soon as Iran decided to construct it. In its initial declaration, Iran stated that the purpose of the facility

4347-508: Was discovered at Fordow, and that this had been very much a surprise to the agency. In June 2024 the IAEA remarked that Iran had built additional centrifuges, while the Washington Post remarked on the Iranian order to triple the centrifuge capacity of the Fordow plant. The Times of Israel said that four new cascades had been installed but had not yet been commissioned. Download coordinates as: Google Maps satellite images for

4416-454: Was elected as the Director General for the IAEA, defeating Abdul Samad Minty of South Africa and Luis E. Echávarri of Spain. On 3 July 2009, the Board of Governors voted to appoint Yukiya Amano "by acclamation", and IAEA General Conference in September 2009 approved. He took office on 1 December 2009. After Amano's death, his Chief of Coordination Cornel Feruta of Romania was named Acting Director General. On 2 August 2019, Rafael Grossi

4485-451: Was established in 2005. Today there are two faculties active in this campus: Faculty of Engineering and Science, and Faculty of Management. The campus is currently admitting students for bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. degrees in engineering courses and a master's degree in management. Sharif University was established in 1966 as an Engineering university with departments of Electrical, Metallurgical, Mechanical, and Chemical Engineering. In

4554-412: Was facing. The plant has come under fire multiple times during the war. The IAEA's mission is guided by the interests and needs of Member States, strategic plans, and the vision embodied in the IAEA Statute (see below). Three main pillars – or areas of work – underpin the IAEA's mission: Safety and Security; Science and Technology; and Safeguards and Verification. The IAEA as an autonomous organization

4623-416: Was headed by two Swedes for nearly four decades: the scientist Sigvard Eklund held the job from 1961 to 1981, followed by former Swedish Foreign Minister Hans Blix , who served from 1981 to 1997. Blix was succeeded as Director General by Mohamed ElBaradei of Egypt , who served until November 2009. Beginning in 1986, in response to the nuclear reactor explosion and disaster near Chernobyl , Ukraine,

4692-567: Was presented as the Argentine candidate to become the Director General of IAEA. On 28 October 2019, the IAEA Board of Governors held its first vote to elect the new Director General, but none of the candidates secured the two-thirds majority (23 votes) in the 35-member IAEA Board of Governors that was needed to be elected. The next day, 29 October, the second voting round was held, and Grossi won 24 votes. He assumed office on 3 December 2019. Following

4761-504: Was the production of UF 6 enriched up to 5% U-235, and that the facility was being built to contain 16 cascades, with a total of approximately 3000 centrifuges. Later, in September 2011, Iran said it would move its production of 20% LEU to Fordow from Natanz, and enrichment started in December 2011. In January 2012, the IAEA announced that Iran had started producing uranium enriched up to 20% for medical purposes and that material "remains under

#888111