The Fordham Law Review is a student-run law journal associated with the Fordham University School of Law that covers a wide range of legal scholarship.
70-564: In 2017, the Fordham Law Review was the seventh-most cited law journal by other journals, and the fifth-most cited by courts. The journal's content consists generally of academic articles, symposia, and student-written notes. The current Editor-in-Chief is Charis Franklin. The Fordham Law Review was established in 1914 at the Fordham University School of Law . However, it suspended publication after only three years, following
140-565: A Master of Studies in Law (M.S.L.) degree with specializations in Corporate Compliance and Fashion Law, as well as a Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) degree, which is full-time, research-based and culminates in a dissertation of at least 50,000 words. Founded in 1905, Fordham Law commemorated its Centennial during the 2005–06 academic year, and capped the year-long celebration with an alumni gala on Ellis Island on September 28,
210-534: A New Bretton Woods System . Topics such as the International Monetary Fund , Financial Crises (see Financial crisis of 2007–2008 and 1997 Asian financial crisis ), exchange rates , Foreign Direct Investment , Multinational Corporations receive much attention in IPE. There are multiple approaches to trade within IPE. These approaches seek to explain international bargaining between states, as well as
280-424: A political and economic philosophy which advocates a restrained fiscal policy and the balancing of budgets , through measures such as low taxes, reduced government spending, and minimized government debt. To economic nationalists, markets are subordinate to the state, and should serve the interests of the state (such as providing national security and accumulating military power). The doctrine of mercantilism
350-441: A $ 2,529 student health insurance charge, which the school will waive for students who have alternative health insurance coverage). The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $ 296,077. International Political Economy International political economy ( IPE ) is the study of how politics shapes the global economy and how the global economy shapes politics . A key focus in IPE
420-654: A 1980 article for the notion that the international system is more likely to remain stable when a single nation-state is the dominant world power, or hegemon . Keohane's 1984 book After Hegemony , used insights from the new institutional economics , to argue that the international system could remain stable in the absence of a hegemon. Benjamin Cohen provides a detailed intellectual history of IPE identifying American and British camps. The Americans are positivist and attempt to develop intermediate level theories that are supported by some form of quantitative evidence. British IPE
490-639: A 2017 assessment by Thomas Oatley, there are "no strong conclusions" in IPE scholarship as to which of these models better characterizes the sources of individual trade policies. Aside from the sector and factor models, there are firm-specific models of trade preferences (some times described as "New new" trade theory ) which predict that those who work for large, productive and globally oriented firms support trade liberalization (as well as free movement of capital and labor), whereas employees in smaller firms are less supportive of free trade. Economic geography approaches explain trade policies by looking at
560-747: A LSAT score of 167 and an undergraduate GPA of 3.75, while the average part time student had a LSAT score of 164 and an undergraduate GPA of 3.58. In the 2024 edition of U.S. News & World Report ' s "Best Graduate Schools", Fordham Law was ranked tied for 33rd. It has the highest ranked part-time law program in New York state (ranked 2nd in the nation in the 2021 edition.) Additionally, five specialty programs were nationally ranked: Dispute Resolution, 13th; Trial Advocacy, 13th; International Law, 15th; Intellectual Property, 16th; and Clinical Training, 22nd. In 2020, The National Law Journal ranked Fordham Law 4th nationally in terms of placement of 2018 graduates in
630-622: A country abundant in labor will export labor-intensive products (such as textiles). Building on this model, the Stolper-Samuelsson theorem holds that groups that possess the factors will support or oppose trade depending on the abundance or scarcity of the factors. This means that in a country which is abundant in land and scarce in capital, farmers will support free trade whereas producers in capital-intensive manufacturing will oppose free trade. The factor model predicts that labor in developed countries will oppose trade liberalization (because it
700-479: A forum for responses to articles published in the regular journal and to comment on contemporary legal issues. Articles published in the Fordham Law Review Online are available on the journal's website and on Digital Commons . The journal is managed by a board of up to 20 student editors. It selects approximately 65 staff members each year to assist with production. Membership on the Fordham Law Review
770-466: A national study of the scholarly impact of law school faculty citations between 2010 and 2014, Fordham Law's tenured professors were tied for 35th. Originally located in New York's downtown Financial District , Fordham Law is currently located on the West Side of Manhattan , as part of Fordham University's Lincoln Center campus. As part of the university's Lincoln Center Master Plan, unveiled in 2005,
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#1732852432714840-407: A new law school building was built. The building took three years to complete, following the groundbreaking on May 2, 2011. The new law school building is part of the university's Phase 1 redevelopment of its Lincoln Center Campus. The 22-story building was designed by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners to serve a dual-purpose for Fordham University: a nine-story pedestal (and lower-level floor) houses
910-532: A particular sector may have similar interests. As a consequence, trade preferences are better understood by examining which economic sectors win or lose on trade liberalization. Whereas the factor model assumes that capital-owners in different sectors have similar trade preferences and that labor across different sector have similar trade preferences, the Ricardo-Viner model holds that in sectors where factors are immobile, labor and capital-owners in one sector may have
980-604: A second concentration after finishing the first one by enrolling in a third semester. Fordham University offers a "3-3 Program" that allows students to earn a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science and a Juris Doctor in six years of study: three at Fordham College and three at Fordham Law. Fordham Law offers three joint degrees in conjunction with Fordham University's other graduate schools: J.D./ M.A. in International Political Economy and Development ; J.D./ M.B.A. ; and J.D./ M.S.W. The School also offers
1050-507: A small law firm housed within the school. The Leitner Center for International Law and Justice works with students and with social justice organizations both locally and internationally to advocate for human rights. Fordham's Public Interest Resource Center (PIRC) serves as the clearinghouse for student community service and pro bono work, and hosts 19 student-run organizations, including Habitat for Humanity , Unemployment Action Center , Just Democracy, and others. PIRC earned Fordham Law
1120-445: Is a prominent variant of economic nationalism. Economic nationalists tend to see international trade as zero-sum , where the goal is to derive relative gains (as opposed to mutual gains). Economic nationalism tends to emphasize industrialization (and often aids industries with state support), due to beliefs that industry has positive spillover effects on the rest of the economy, enhances the self-sufficiency and political autonomy of
1190-492: Is also concerned with development economics and explaining how and why countries develop. Historically, three prominent approaches to IPE were the liberal, economic nationalist (mercantilist), and marxist perspectives. Economic liberals tend to oppose government intervention in the market when it inhibits free trade and open competition , but support government intervention to protect property rights and resolve market failures . Economic liberals commonly adhere to
1260-595: Is more "interpretivist" and looks for "grand theories". They use very different standards of empirical work. Cohen sees benefits in both approaches. A special edition of New Political Economy has been issued on The 'British School' of IPE and a special edition of the Review of International Political Economy (RIPE) on American IPE. The leading journal for IPE scholarship is the generalist international relations journal International Organization . International Organization played an instrumental role in making IPE one of
1330-489: Is on the power of different actors such as nation states , international organizations and multinational corporations to shape the international economic system and the distributive consequences of international economic activity. It has been described as the study of "the political battle between the winners and losers of global economic exchange." A central assumption of IPE theory is that international economic phenomena do not exist in any meaningful sense separate from
1400-507: Is one of eight ABA -approved law schools in that city. In 2013, 91% of the law school's first-time test takers passed the bar exam, placing the law schools' graduates as fifth-best at passing the New York bar exam among New York's 15 law schools. According to Fordham University School of Law's 2022 ABA-required disclosures, 95.5% of the Class of 2014 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. According to
1470-484: Is one of the core areas of study in IPE. In IPE scholarship, the interrelation of economic and political interests in international finance assumes it impossible to separate the financial system from international politics in any meaningful sense. The IPE of international finance is characterized by political network effects and international externalities, such as beggar-thy-neighbour effects and contagions. A key concept in IPE literature on international finance
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#17328524327141540-553: Is open to all first-year Fordham law students and transfer students. The journal offers positions to approximately 20 students on the basis of first-year grades and 45 students on the basis of their submissions to a writing competition and personal statements. Fordham University School of Law Fordham University School of Law is the law school of Fordham University . The school is located in Manhattan in New York City , and
1610-576: Is ranked 22nd nationally by U.S. News & World Report in its 2016 edition of America's Best Graduate Schools. At Fordham, clinical education is available but not required. Students are selected for clinics via a competitive application process. Fordham students have an opportunity to enroll in clinics following their first year, and after taking the Fundamental Lawyering Skills course. Currently, 17 clinics are offered: Fordham's clinics represent clients as " Lincoln Square Legal Services,"
1680-769: Is relatively scarce), whereas labor in developing countries will support free trade (because it is relatively abundant). Building on these insights, influential research by Ronald Rogowski argued that factor endowments predicted whether countries were characterized by class-conflict (capital vs. labor) or urban-rural conflict. Similarly, an influential study by Helen Milner and Keiko Kubota argues that factor endowments explain why developing countries liberalize their trade after they democratize (the abundant factor, labor, supports trade liberalization). A 2023 study by Milner and Lindsay R. Dolan found that factor endowments help explain trade preferences in Africa. Research has substantiated
1750-459: Is the impossible trinity , derived from the Mundell–Fleming model , which holds that it is impossible to simultaneously pursue all of the following three economic policies: Another key dilemma in monetary policy is that governments have to balance the inflation rate (the price of money at home) and the exchange rate (the price of money outside the home market). There is no agreement in
1820-450: Is the notion that resources flow from a " periphery " of poor and underdeveloped states to a " core " of wealthy states , enriching the latter at the expense of the former. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the " world system ". This theory was officially developed in the late 1960s following World War II, as scholars searched for
1890-627: Is the scarce factor of endowment (contradicting Heckscher-Ohlin). The degree to which Ricardo-Viner and Heckscher-Ohlin are correct is conditioned by whether workers have profit-sharing institutions or are unionized (which helps them to bargain for higher wages amid productivity increases). He has also challenged Milner and Kubota's study on trade liberalization in developing countries, as he shows that democratic developing countries frequently repressed labor unions amid trade liberalization. Studies by Dani Rodrik and Anna Mayda, as well as Kenneth Scheve and Matthew J. Slaughter have found support for
1960-622: The Bretton Woods system was established, reflecting the political orientation described as embedded liberalism . In 1971 President Richard Nixon ended the convertibility of gold that had been established under the IMF in the Bretton Woods system. Interim agreements followed. Nonetheless, until 2008 the trend has been for increasing liberalization of both international trade and finance. From later 2008 world leaders have also been increasingly calling for
2030-528: The Brooklyn Dodgers who moved the team from Brooklyn to Los Angeles. According to Fordham Law's official 2014 ABA-required disclosures, 80% of the Class of 2014 were employed full-time 10 months after graduation; 67.8% were in full-time, long-term, JD-required positions; 11.1% held positions the ABA classifies as "J.D. Advantage" (defined by NALP as "legal training is deemed to be an advantage or even necessary in
2100-548: The World Bank , International Monetary Fund , and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , alongside economic turmoils such as the fall of the gold standard , 1973 oil crisis , and 1970s recession . IPE is also a major field of study within history, especially economic history, where scholars study the historical dynamics of the international political economy. International political economy has its historic roots in
2170-440: The 25 largest law firms of the largest legal market, which is New York. It is placed 15th nationally in terms of placement of 2018 graduates in top 100 law firms. This is an improvement from four years earlier when it ranked 20th and 23rd in comparative rankings. In a survey conducted by Vault in 2017, Fordham Law comes 8th in terms of big law placement and 9th when class size was factored in. Public Legal placed Fordham Law among
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2240-543: The American Bar Association's 2008 Pro Bono Publico Award, making Fordham Law only the second university winner in the award's history. Students at Fordham Law publish six nationally recognized law journals . According to a study by Washington & Lee University , among journals published 2007–2014, they are ranked among the most cited in judicial opinions as follows: In addition, the study found that four of Fordham Law School's specialty law reviews are among
2310-465: The Heckscher-Ohlin model of trade, the comparative advantage of countries in trade stems from their endowments of particular factors of trade ( land , labor , capital ). This means that a country abundant in land will primarily export land-intensive products (such as agriculture), whereas a country abundant in capital will export capital-intensive products (such as high-technology manufacturing) and
2380-628: The OEP framework include behavioral approaches (which do not necessarily accept that individual interests stem from material incentives), and economic geography approaches. According to Stephanie Rickard, OEP scholars have modified their models to incorporate incomplete information (which affects how individual preferences are formed) and economies of scale (which affects the distribution of gains and losses). Erica Owen and Stephanie Walter similarly argue that "second-generation" OEP frameworks incorporate both material and ideational preferences. Dependency theory
2450-491: The OEP tradition has moved our understanding of world politics decisively forward. Critics of OEP have yet to offer an alternative, more empirically powerful theory and as a result, OEP continues to progress as the dominant paradigm in IPE research. Scholars have questioned the empirical validity of the models derived from OEP scholarship on money and trade, as well as questioned the ability of OEP scholarship to explain momentous events in global political economy. Challengers to
2520-572: The Senate Judiciary Committee condemning Franklin D. Roosevelt Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937 . Wilkinson's testimony, published in the May 1937 edition of the journal, warned Congress that the President's plan "reaches down to and shakes the foundations of our constitutional structure." In 2011, the journal launched the Fordham Law Review Online . The Fordham Law Review Online provides
2590-531: The U.S. House of Representatives are Fordham Law graduates including Thomas Suozzi , Thomas Vincent Quinn , Bill Owens , Jerrold Nadler , Vito Fossella , Geraldine Ferraro , Francis E. Dorn , Dan Donovan , and Steven Derounian . Among the sports personalities were World Light Heavyweight champion Bob Olin , New York Giants President John Mara , General Manager of the Philadelphia Eagles Howie Roseman , and Walter O'Malley , owner of
2660-757: The United States' entry into World War I . The final issue before suspension provided a brief explanatory statement: Owing to the war, the Review will close this year with this number. Some of the Board of Editors are in military service, with national and state organizations. Others are at the training camps for reserve officers. The journal did not restart publication until 1935 amidst the Great Depression . Soon thereafter it garnered attention for its publication of Fordham Law School Dean Ignatius M. Wilkinson's testimony before
2730-417: The actors who regulate and control them. Alongside formal economic theories of international economics, trade, and finance, which are widely utilised within the discipline, IPE thus stresses the study of institutions, politics, and power relations in understanding the global economy. The substantive issue areas of IPE are frequently divided into the four broad subject areas of 1. international trade, 2.
2800-419: The country, and is a crucial aspect in building military power. There are several prominent approaches to IPE. The dominant paradigm is Open Economy Politics. Other influential approaches include dependency theory, hegemonic stability theory, and domestic political theories of IPE. Early modern IPE scholarship employed a diversity of methods and did both grand theory and middle range theory, but over time,
2870-435: The discipline of political economy ; the study of the national economy and its interactions with governance and politics. Adam Smith 's publication of The Wealth of Nations profoundly influenced the development of the field of political economy. While the newly founded discipline of economics ; which studies economic phenomena absent political and social considerations; began to diverge from political economy studies in
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2940-509: The domestic level and macro processes at the global level: in essence, OEP scholarship suffers from omitted variable bias . According to Peter Katzenstein, Robert Keohane and Stephen Krasner, scholarship in this vein assumes that actors' preferences and behavior are derived from their material position, which leads to a neglect of the ways in which variation in information may shape actor preferences and behaviors. Mark Blyth and Matthias Matthijs argue that OEP scholarship essentially black boxes
3010-445: The domestic sources of global economic cooperation or explain how global processes influence domestic policy-making. The third wave increasingly focused on explaining the micro-foundations of policy. According to Benjamin Cohen, "in terms of theory, consensus is often lacking on even the most basic causal relationships" in IPE scholarship. Open Economy Politics (OEP) can be traced to domestic political theories of IPE; OEP emerged in
3080-512: The economics literature on the optimal national exchange rate policy . Rather, national exchange rate regimes reflect political considerations. National exchange rate policies can be 1. fixed, floating, or a hybrid of the two, and 2. entail a strong or weak currency. Different groups benefit disproportionately depending on the national exchange rate policies that is chosen. The liberal view point generally has been strong in Western academia since it
3150-526: The effects of trade protectionism, which puts doubt on theories that assume that trade policy preferences are rooted in economic self-interest. Trade may in and of itself alter domestic politics, including the trade preferences of the public. A 1988 study by Helen Milner found that trade openness substantially increased support for free trade by strengthening the position of firms that stand to lose from trade protectionism. Influential studies by David Cameron, Dani Rodrik and Peter Katzenstein have affirmed
3220-515: The emergence of the discipline were international relations scholars Robert Keohane , Joseph Nye and Robert Gilpin in the United States, as well as Susan Strange in the United Kingdom. IPE has since become a key pillar in political science departments as well as a major subdiscipline of international relations, alongside traditional international relations scholarship centred on material security. International finance and monetary relations
3290-485: The factor models, as they show that there is greater support for trade openness in developing countries (where labor is abundant and thus benefits from trade openness). Other studies find no support for either model, and argue that the models have limited explanatory value. A 2022 study in the Journal of Politics found that comparative advantage predicts attitudes on free trade among individuals and legislators. According to
3360-602: The foreign economic policies that states adopt. In terms of domestic explanations for the foreign economic policies of states, the two dominant approaches are the factor model and sector model, both of which build on David Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage . The factor model (which has been called the H-O-S-S model ) is shaped by the Heckscher-Ohlin model and the Stolper-Samuelsson theorem . According to
3430-425: The global economy. Stephanie Rickard has defended the OEP approach, writing in 2021: OEP has matured and developed over the past decade. As a framework, it has proven to be enormously productive and adaptable—integrating diverse economic phenomena under a common theoretical umbrella and providing a framework flexible enough to react to significant events in the global economy... The accumulating body of scholarship in
3500-634: The information reported to the American Bar Association , 1,151 J.D. students attended Fordham Law in 2015–2016. There are 956 full-time students and 195 part-time students. Fordham Law also offers Master of Laws ( LL.M. ) degrees in the following specializations: Banking , Corporate , & Finance Law; Corporate Compliance ; Fashion Law; Intellectual Property & Information Technology Law; International Business & Trade Law ; International Dispute Resolution ; International Law & Justice; and U.S. Law. LL.M. students can take
3570-458: The insights of the Double Movement , as they show that greater trade openness has been associated with increases in government social spending. In terms of how preferences get aggregated and reconciled into foreign economic policies, IPE scholars have pointed to collective action problems, electoral systems, regime types, veto points, the nature of the legislative trade policy process,
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#17328524327143640-500: The interaction between domestic and international bargaining, and the interactions between political elites and epistemic communities. Some IPE scholarship de-emphasizes the role of domestic politics and points to international processes as shapers of trade policy. Some scholars have argued for a "new interdependence" approach, which restores insights from the complex interdependence of the 1970s, but emphasizes network effects, control over central nodes, and path dependence. IPE
3710-443: The international monetary and financial system, 3. multinational corporations, and 4. economic development and inequality. Key actors of study may include international organizations , multinational corporations , and sovereign states . International political economy is a major subdiscipline of international relations where it emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, prompted by the growth of international economic institutions such as
3780-411: The late 1990s. OEP adopts the assumptions of neoclassical economics and international trade theory. It strongly emphasizes microfoundations . It has been characterized as employing rationalism, materialism and liberalism. According to David Lake , Thomas Oatley has criticized OEP for an overemphasis on domestic political processes and for failing to consider the interplay between processes at
3850-426: The late 19th century, political economy continued to live as an academic tradition within political science departments, as well as within modern economics as a pluralist approach. While notable works from John Maynard Keynes ' General Theory and Karl Polanyi's The Great Transformation published in the early 20th century are still written in the tradition of political economy, economics in its narrower form
3920-420: The law school, and a 12-story tower serves as an undergraduate residence hall. The law school portion of the building was dedicated on September 18, 2014. Former New York City mayor Michael R. Bloomberg delivered the keynote address and U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor also gave a speech before presiding over the ribbon-cutting ceremony. The Clinical education program at Fordham Law
3990-820: The notable Fordham Law graduates, including Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Irving Kaufman , and Denny Chin , a current U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit judge. Over 650 judges are Fordham Law graduates. In 1924, Ruth Whitehead Whaley graduated, at the top of her class, who later became the first African-American woman admitted to the state bars of New York and North Carolina. Governor of New York Malcolm Wilson , New York City Mayor Vincent R. Impellitteri , and United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell are Fordham Law graduates. Ten members of
4060-502: The predictions of the Stolper-Samuelsson theorem, showing that trade openness tends to reduce inequality in developing countries, but exacerbate it in advanced economies. The sectors model of trade, the Ricardo–Viner model (named after David Ricardo and Jacob Viner ), challenges the notion that factors are key to understanding trade preferences. Factors can be highly immobile, which means that capital-owners and labor who work in
4130-443: The regions that benefit and lose on globalization; it predicts that large cities support trade liberalization and that left-behind regions push back on liberalization. Other alternative models to the factor and sector models may explain individual preferences through demographic data (age, class, skills, education, gender ), as well as ideology and culture. Some studies have raised questions about whether individuals understand
4200-492: The root issue in the lack of development in Latin America . Dependency theory and world systems theory are not mainstream economic theory. Early IPE scholarship was focused on the implications of hegemony on international economic affairs. In the 1970s, US hegemony appeared to be on the fall, which prompted scholars to consider the likely effects of this falling. Robert Keohane coined the term Hegemonic stability theory in
4270-509: The same trade preferences. As a result, the Ricardo-Viner model predicts that class conflict over trade is more likely when factors are highly mobile, but that industry-based conflict is more likely when factors are immobile. Adam Dean has challenged the economic assumptions in both models, arguing that workers' wages do not consistently correspond to increases in productivity in a given industry (contradicting Ricardo-Viner) nor do workers consistently benefit from import restrictions when labor
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#17328524327144340-492: The scholarship has become more quantitative and focused on middle-range theories. Robert Jervis wrote in 1998, "the IPE subfield, after a marvelous period of development in the 1970s and 1980s seems to be stagnating." The first wave of IPE scholarship focused on complex interdependence and the evolution of global systems of economic exchange. This scholarship focused on hegemonic stability theory , complex interdependence , and regimes . The second wave sought to explain
4410-504: The school's official birthday. The school used the occasion of its Centennial to launch a new fundraising drive in 2005, and in just one year had raised more than $ 10 million thanks in large part to the more than 100 "Centennial Founders" who each contributed $ 100,000 or more. The current dean of Fordham Law School is Joseph Landau. For the class entering in 2023, 21.13% of applicants to Fordham Law were accepted. Of those accepted 32.14% enrolled. The average full time Fordham Law student had
4480-418: The study of these institutions, and more broadly, to the study of governance of the world economy. The need for a more comprehensive understanding on global economic governance within political science circles became increasingly apparent through the crises of the 1970s; with the end of the gold standard , the 1973 oil crisis , 1973-1975 recession and calls for greater trade protection. Influential figures in
4550-654: The top 23 law schools for the highest median salaries along with Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Chicago, NYU, UC-Berkeley, Duke, Cornell, UPenn, Georgetown and 12 others. According to the American Universities Admission Program's LL.M Rankings, the Fordham Law LL.M program was ranked 6th nationally in 2012. In 2015, 85.2% of the law school's first-time test takers passed the bar exam, placing the law school graduates as fourth-most successful New York State bar exam takers among New York's 15 law schools. In
4620-522: The top ten most cited journals by law reviews in their respective specialty fields. Notable faculty include Matthew Diller , Toni Jaeger-Fine , Rebecca Kysar, Joseph Landau, Ethan Lieb, John Pfaff , Olivier Sylvain, and Zephyr Teachout . Visiting and adjunct professors include federal appeals judge Denny Chin , Jewish law scholar Daniel Sinclair , and election law experts Jurij Toplak and Jerry Goldfeder. Numerous notable attorneys, judges, prosecutors, politicians, and diplomats are among
4690-408: The workplace" ); and 20.7% were employed in public sector positions in government, nonprofit organizations, and judicial clerkships. Fordham Law's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 20.3%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2014 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation. The law school
4760-443: Was dominating economics departments from the 1920s and onward. The emergence of international political economy can be traced to the late 1960s and early 1970s, when deepening economic interdependence prompted by the growth of post-war economic institutions such as the International Monetary Fund , World Bank , and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , drew increasing attention within international relations scholarship towards
4830-510: Was first articulated by Smith in the eighteenth century. Only during the 1940s to early 1970s did an alternative system, Keynesianism , command wide support in universities. Keynes was concerned chiefly with domestic macroeconomic policy. The Keynesian consensus was challenged by Friedrich Hayek and later Milton Friedman and other scholars out of Chicago as early as the 1950s, and by the 1970s, Keynes' influence on public discourse and economic policy making had somewhat faded. After World War II,
4900-545: Was ranked # 21 of all law schools nationwide by the National Law Journal in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2015 graduates to the largest 100 law firms in the US (19.5%). The 2015-2016 tuition at Fordham Law is $ 53,440 for full-time J.D. students and $ 40,080 for part-time J.D. students; the estimated fees, room and board, and other expenses total $ 27,996 for full-time and $ 27,906 for part-time students (not including
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