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66-417: Ford Madox Ford (né Joseph Leopold Ford Hermann Madox Hueffer ( / ˈ h ɛ f ər / HEF -ər ); 17 December 1873 – 26 June 1939) was an English novelist, poet, critic and editor whose journals The English Review and The Transatlantic Review were important in the development of early 20th-century English and American literature. Ford is now remembered for his novels The Good Soldier (1915),

132-616: A Catholic, "very much at the encouragement of some Hueffer relatives, but partly (he confessed) galled by the 'militant atheism and anarchism' of his English cousins." In 1894, Ford eloped with his school girlfriend Elsie Martindale . The couple were married in Gloucester and moved to Bonnington in Kent. In 1901, they moved to Winchelsea . They had two daughters, Christina (born 1897) and Katharine (born 1900). Ford's neighbours in Winchelsea included

198-419: A Crime (1924, although written much earlier). During the three to five years after this direct collaboration, Ford's best known achievement was The Fifth Queen trilogy (1906–1908), historical novels based on the life of Catherine Howard , which Conrad termed, at the time, "the swan song of historical romance." Ford's poem Antwerp (1915) was praised by T. S. Eliot as "the only good poem I have met with on

264-534: A German citizen to obtain a divorce in Germany. This was unsuccessful. A reference in an illustrated paper to Violet Hunt as "Mrs. Ford Madox Hueffer" gave rise to a successful libel action being brought by Mrs. Elsie Hueffer in 1913. Ford's relationship with Hunt did not survive the First World War. Ford used the name of Ford Madox Hueffer , but changed it to Ford Madox Ford after World War I in 1919, partly to fulfil

330-603: A chapter of his Parisian memoir A Moveable Feast to an encounter with Ford at a café in Paris during the early 1920s. He describes Ford "as upright as an ambulatory, well clothed, up-ended hogshead." During a later sojourn in the United States, Ford was involved with Allen Tate , Caroline Gordon , Katherine Anne Porter and Robert Lowell (who was then a student). Ford was always a champion of new literature and literary experimentation. In 1929, he published The English Novel: From

396-470: A few names. Her birth name in Hebrew was Schenehaia Tworkovska. After immigration, this became Janice Bernstein. As a young adult, she became Janice Tworkov (as mentioned). During the 1920s she painted under this name or J. Tworkov. In the early 1920s she married a friend of Jack's, the painter, Lee Gatch . The marriage, which was not successful, ended first in separation and then, in 1935, divorce. She did not use

462-446: A greater freedom than they had before and one said, "Where before Miss Biala constructed with clearly organized planes—using both color and form to create recession—now her brush moves out in freedom, allowing intrinsic rhythms to spring up and subside." During the 1960s and for the rest of her life, Biala's work was frequently exhibited in solo and group shows. Through the 1980s many of these shows appeared in Paris at Galerie Jacob and

528-412: A journalist. Harrison courted controversy by challenging attitudes towards sexuality when he published works by authors such as Frank Harris , leading to condemnation in the pages of other journals. Such notoriety boosted circulation, however, as did a subsequent reduction in the magazine's cover price to a shilling. By 1915, the magazine was profitable to the point when Harrison bought out Mond, becoming

594-567: A mill building in Avignon, France into a home and workshop that he called "Le Vieux Moulin". The article implied that Ford was reunited with his wife at this point. In the early 1930s, Ford established a relationship with Janice Biala , a Polish-born artist from New York, who illustrated several of Ford's later books. This relationship lasted until the late 1930s. Ford spent the last years of his life teaching at Olivet College in Olivet , Michigan, US. He

660-485: A monthly magazine of approximately 175 pages and sold for half a crown, The English Review did not exceed a circulation of 1,000 during Hueffer's editorship. With the magazine struggling, Hueffer sold the magazine after publishing twelve issues to Alfred Mond . With Hueffer departing as editor, Mond brought in Austin Harrison as Hueffer's successor. Harrison maintained the high quality of contributors, and broadened

726-594: A professional artist. In 1947 she and Brustlein returned to live in France where she exhibited regularly at the Galerie Jeanne Bucher. While continuing to live in France she and Brustlein returned periodically to New York. She remained close to her brother Jack and, in consequence, became one of the few female artists associated with the New York School . While not herself an abstract expressionist, Biala fostered

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792-492: A rare public statement on art. She said "The very first spot of paint you put on your canvas sets the note for everything that must follow. Just as in writing a novel ... no word or phrase must be there just because you happen to like it, so each spot of paint in your picture must lead up to some definite movement and must connect with every other spot of paint in the picture. Because red is not red itself, its full quality of redness only becomes apparent when it has green beside it or

858-470: A retrospective exhibition in 2013, the show's curator told an interviewer that "Biala was a painter of impeccable taste and remarkable intelligence, She had an intuitive feeling for composition and her orchestration of color was, at times, breathtaking." In 2016 her biography was included in the exhibition catalogue Women of Abstract Expressionism organized by the Denver Art Museum . In 2023 her work

924-472: A subject. Their compositions tended toward bold, simplified shapes and were more reductively abstract and spatially flat than those of many of their contemporaries. In 1929 and 1930 Biala participated in group shows at the G.R.D. Salon. G.R.D. was one of a few New York galleries that showed modernist paintings of both women and men. It was a non-profit gallery named in honor of Gladys Roosevelt Dick by her sister, Jean S. Roosevelt. Along with Biala's paintings,

990-473: A tailor shop in New York's Lower East Side. The surname was changed to Bernstein to conform with the name of the sponsor. Although Biala and Jack changed their names from Bernstein to Tworkov when they became adults, Hyman and Esther retained the name Bernstein. Jack said his family's sponsor was his father's brother. He did not explain why his brother's surname was Bernstein. During her life, Biala went by quite

1056-407: A trip to Paris. There, on May 1, she met the author, Ford Madox Ford . Although they did not marry, the two became inseparable, living and working together until Ford's death in 1939. Less than half of Ford's age, she was vigorous, ambitious, and gradually becoming more confident in her ability as an artist. In contrast, he continued to write prolifically but his best work was behind him and his health

1122-427: A way that is reminiscent of Bonnard and Hofmann." Following Biala's death in 2000, another critic said of her paintings that they "seem touched by a tough ingenuousness — never sentimental or naïve, but slightly nostalgic in their playful intimacy. Suffusing them is the outlook of a painter who has found what she needs and knows what she wants to do. The results glow with a wondrous candor." Finally, in connection with

1188-474: Is frequently included among the great literature of the 20th century, including the Modern Library 100 Best Novels, The Observer ′s "100 Greatest Novels of All Time", and The Guardian ′s "1000 novels everyone must read". The Parade's End tetralogy was made into an acclaimed BBC/HBO 5 part TV series in 2012, starring Benedict Cumberbatch and scripted by Tom Stoppard . Anthony Burgess described Ford as

1254-498: Is not simple at all. The difficulty and complexity have been refined into lean, direct gestures and a lyrical, concentrated economy of form." Of a solo exhibition in 1989, when she was 85 years old, a critic wrote that her work showed the vigor of a person 30 years younger. "Her painting," he wrote, "is a blend of realism and fancy. In her interiors, cityscapes, landscapes and portraits, some colors and shapes hover and run; others asset themselves suddenly and then stay put, fixing space in

1320-508: Is well regarded both in France and the United States. Her work lies between figuration and abstraction. A modernist , she transformed her subjects into shape and color using "unexpected color relationships and a relaxed approach to interpreting realism." In 1903 Biala was born in Biała Podlaska , a small city in the Kingdom of Poland with an important Imperial Russian garrison. Her birth name

1386-630: The Parade's End tetralogy (1924–1928) and The Fifth Queen trilogy (1906–1908). The Good Soldier is frequently included among the great literature of the 20th century, including the Modern Library's 100 Best Novels , The Observer ′s "100 Greatest Novels of All Time", and The Guardian ′s "1,000 novels everyone must read". Ford was born in Merton in Surrey to Catherine Madox Brown and Francis Hueffer ,

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1452-567: The Parade's End tetralogy (1924–1928), in 2023. Saunders has also edited some of Ford's oeuvre reissued by the Carcanet Press . The English Review The magazine was started by 1908 by Ford Madox Hueffer (later Ford Madox Ford) "in a rage that there was no place in England to print a poem by Thomas Hardy" and as a venue for some of the best writers available. Published in December 1908,

1518-630: The Pre-Raphaelite painter Ford Madox Brown , whose biography he would eventually write. His mother's older half-sister was Lucy Madox Brown , the wife of William Michael Rossetti and mother of Olivia Rossetti Agresti . In 1889, after the death of their father, Ford and Oliver went to live with their grandfather in London. Ford attended the University College School in London, but never studied at university. In November 1892, at 18, he became

1584-409: The "greatest British novelist" of the 20th century. Graham Greene was also a great admirer, and more recently Julian Barnes who has written essays about Ford and his work. Professor Max Saunders is the author of an authoritative biography of Ford, published in two volumes by Oxford University Press in 1996, followed up by a single volume focusing on two of Ford's novels, The Good Soldier (1915),

1650-557: The 1920s Biala had painted using the name Janice Tworkov. Soon after the close of the G.R.D. exhibition in February, she changed her name to Biala. She adopted the new name on advice from her friend and fellow Provincetown painter, William Zorach , in order to avoid confusion with her brother Jack. She had been supporting herself with a series of low-paying jobs and when the G.R.D. shows had not produced sales of her work she accepted an invitation from her friend, Eileen Lake to accompany her on

1716-558: The 1920s and her life with Ford Madox Ford was hand-to-mouth. After marrying Brustlein, however, his success in selling drawings to the New Yorker (for which he frequently produced cover art) and her growing reputation as a painter brought in gradually increasing funds and by 1953 they were able to buy a small farmhouse in Peapack, New Jersey, for their use on their return to the United States from their residence in Paris. For both of them, Paris

1782-782: The 1929 show included works by E. Madeline Shiff, Virginia Parker, and E. Nottingham. In a review that appeared in The New York Times , Lloyd Goodrich noted her fine feeling for colors and commented that her work showed similarities to the fauvist paintings of André Derain . This remark shows prescience since it was Derain's fellow fauvist, Henri Matisse , about whom she would later write "I have always had Matisse in my belly." The 1930 show, assembled by Agnes Weinrich , contained works by Provincetown artists, including Charles Demuth , Oliver Chaffee, Karl Knaths , William and Lucy L'Engle , Niles Spencer, Marguerite and William Zorach , as well as ones by Biala and her brother Jack. During

1848-512: The Earliest Days to the Death of Joseph Conrad , a brisk and accessible overview of the history of English novels. He had an affair with Jean Rhys , which ended acrimoniously, which Rhys fictionalised in her novel Quartet . Ford is best remembered for his novels The Good Soldier (1915), the Parade's End tetralogy (1924–1928) and The Fifth Queen trilogy (1906–1908). The Good Soldier

1914-477: The Galerie Jeanne Bucher in Paris. Regarding a one-person show held in 1953, a critic praised the "harmonies of tone" and quality of draftsmanship in her work and said "the show is one of the most exhilarating and satisfying events of the whole season.... Miss Biala's art strikes me as the happiest result of an abstract training governed by a humane concern with the values of the world about us." Describing shows held in 1955 and 1959, critics said her paintings showed

1980-706: The Salon des Réalités Nouvelles, Salles Wilson. Others appeared in New York at the Grüenebaum Gallery. In the 1990s she was given frequent solo exhibitions at the Kouros Gallery and after 2000 at the Tibor de Nagy Gallery, both in New York. In 1981, after six decades of painting, the quality of her work was as good as ever. A critic said as much regarding her one-person show at the Grüenebaum Gallery that year. He wrote, "The Structure of her pictures often looks quite simple, ... but

2046-494: The authors Joseph Conrad , Stephen Crane , W. H. Hudson , Henry James in nearby Rye, and H. G. Wells . In 1904, Ford suffered an agoraphobic breakdown due to financial and marital problems. He went to Germany to spend time with family there and undergo treatments. In 1909, Ford left his wife and set up home with English writer Isobel Violet Hunt , with whom he published the literary magazine The English Review . Ford's wife refused to divorce him and he attempted to become

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2112-529: The beginning of World War I . He worked for the War Propaganda Bureau , managed by C. F. G. Masterman , along with Arnold Bennett , G. K. Chesterton , John Galsworthy , Hilaire Belloc and Gilbert Murray . Ford wrote two propaganda books for Masterman; When Blood is Their Argument: An Analysis of Prussian Culture (1915), with the help of Richard Aldington , and Between St Dennis and St George: A Sketch of Three Civilizations (1915). After writing

2178-662: The diminutive form of her Hebrew name, Schenehaia, meaning "pretty creature." It celebrates "all my past and all your promise" and it praises her for possessing a magnetic personality, always unpredictable, and for bringing vitality and productive energy to their relationship. Despite their continual struggle against poverty, they managed to maintain close contacts with writers and artists, including Gertrude Stein , Ezra Pound , Pablo Picasso , Henri Matisse , and Constantin Brâncuși . In 1931 Biala's work appeared in New York at Macy Galleries. In this exhibition of Provincetown artists, she

2244-424: The eldest of three; his brother was Oliver Madox Hueffer and his sister was Juliet Hueffer , the wife of David Soskice and mother of Frank Soskice . Ford's father, who became a music critic for The Times , was German and his mother English. His paternal grandfather Johann Hermann Hüffer was first to publish Westphalian poet and author Annette von Droste-Hülshoff . He was named after his maternal grandfather,

2310-433: The essential elements of a subject, to see these elements as abstract forms on the two-dimensional plane of the canvas, and to select the color values that would become the key to the finished work. Dickinson recognized that color relationships are more important to the artist than single colors in isolation. As he did, she painted figuratively but she believed color harmonies to be more important than accurate representation of

2376-689: The existing Spanish Government and against Franco's attempt—on every ground of feeling and reason ... Mr Franco wishes to establish a government resting on the arms of Moors, Germans, Italians. Its success must be contrary to world conscience." His opinion of Mussolini and Hitler was likewise negative, and he offered to sign a manifesto against Nazism. In 1908, Ford founded The English Review . Ford published works by Thomas Hardy , H. G. Wells , Joseph Conrad , Henry James , May Sinclair , John Galsworthy and W. B. Yeats ; and debuted works of Ezra Pound , Wyndham Lewis , D. H. Lawrence and Norman Douglas . Ezra Pound and other Modernist poets in London in

2442-571: The feeling of nationality or roots," but "always had the feeling that I belong where my easel is." The Chronology section of the Biala website gives a full chronology of events in Biala's life. Biala furnished cover art and illustrations for some of Ford's books and, in the 1950s she wrote children's books. This list comes from the WorldCat online catalog, the Library of Congress catalog, and other sources. It

2508-418: The first issue contained original work by Thomas Hardy , Henry James , Joseph Conrad , John Galsworthy , W. H. Hudson , R. B. Cunninghame Graham and H. G. Wells . Hueffer maintained this level of quality in subsequent issues he edited, publishing the early work of Ezra Pound , D. H. Lawrence and Wyndham Lewis . Yet despite its literary excellence, the new venture was not a financial success. Issued as

2574-619: The first time in my life I'm convinced that I am really an artist." In 1935 Biala was given her first solo exhibition when "Paintings of Provence by Biala" appeared at the Georgette Passedoit Gallery, New York, from April 25 to May 9. The paintings came from illustrations she prepared for Ford's book, Provence: From Minstrels to the Machine . Along with Dickinson, Ford helped shape Biala's aesthetic vision by encouraging her spirit of experimentation, devotion to creative freedom, and

2640-464: The full quality of green is brought out only when it has purple beside it and so forth. Then against the color you play your forms, lines, and texture." The occasion for the lecture was a visit to Olivet College in Olivet, Michigan, where Ford had been appointed writer and critic in residence. In January 1937 Biala had exhibited paintings and drawings at the Georgette Passedoit Gallery in New York. In August

2706-515: The lack of acknowledgment by publishers of his status as co-author. Seldes recounts Ford's disappointment with Hemingway: "'and he disowns me now that he has become better known than I am.' Tears now came to Ford's eyes." Ford says, "I helped Joseph Conrad, I helped Hemingway. I helped a dozen, a score of writers, and many of them have beaten me. I'm now an old man and I'll die without making a name like Hemingway." Seldes observes, "At this climax Ford began to sob. Then he began to cry." Hemingway devoted

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2772-535: The male artists of the New York School or by critics such as Harold Rosenberg . Despite her friendship with abstract expressionist artists, Biala retained a unique approach to her art in which no art movement showed dominance. As one critic put it, "she continued to paint exquisitely crafted canvases in a personal style that, even now, resists classification." In the 1950s her work appeared frequently in solo and group exhibitions at New York's Stable Gallery and

2838-657: The month or day of her birth. The exception is the Biala website which gives September 11 but does not indicate the source of this information. Her father's name was Hyman and her mother's Esther. He was the son of Benjamin Tworkovsky and his wife Celia. In addition to Biala and Jack, their children were Celia, Aaron, Abraham, and Morris. Hyman Tworkovsky was a tailor who worked for the Russian Army. He emigrated to New York some years before his wife and younger children and he worked in

2904-406: The movement, particularly through the support she gave Willem de Kooning. In the early 1940s, she convinced her New York dealer to show some of de Kooning's paintings, Biala cared for him when he was ill, and Biala joined him in discussions at the abstract expressionist discussion group called Studio 35. Like Lee Krasner, Louise Bourgeois, Joan Mitchell, and others, Biala was not treated as an equal by

2970-512: The names Mrs. Janice Gatch or Mrs. Lee Gatch, and was infrequently called by either name. In 1930, at the suggestion of fellow painter, William Zorach, she chose a new name so as to avoid confusion with her brother, the other J. Tworkov. She chose Biala, the name of her birthplace. In the 1930s, while living with Ford Madox Ford, she was sometimes referred to as Mrs. Ford (though they were not married) or Janice Ford Biala. After her marriage in 1942 to Daniel Brustlein, she retained Biala as her name but

3036-631: The novel, Ford reports that a friend pronounced The Good Soldier "the finest French novel in the English language!" Ford pronounced himself a " Tory mad about historic continuity" and believed the novelist's function was to serve as the historian of his own time. However, he was dismissive of the Conservative Party , referring to it as "the Stupid Party." Ford was involved in British war propaganda after

3102-504: The outbreak of World War II, she returned to New York where she spent the next five years. In 1943 she married a fellow artist, Daniel Brustlein , an illustrator who, using the pen name "Alain," made covers for the New Yorker magazine. In successive years between 1941 and 1945, Biala was given solo exhibitions at the Bignou Gallery in New York and by that time there could be little doubt that she had succeeded in establishing herself as

3168-456: The owner as well as the editor. After the First World War, however, the journal began to decline. Harrison sold The English Review to Ernest Remnant in 1923 and the journal took an increasingly conservative and less literary direction. In 1937, the magazine was absorbed by The National Review . Janice Biala Janice Biala (September 11, 1903 – September 24, 2000) was a Polish-born American artist whose work, spanning seven decades,

3234-466: The scope of the review to include women writers and writers from abroad. In addition to continuing to print works by Conrad, Lawrence, Graham and Wells, authors such as Sherwood Anderson , Anton Chekhov , Hermann Hesse , Aldous Huxley , Katherine Mansfield , Bertrand Russell , G. B. Shaw , Ivan Turgenev and William Butler Yeats now appeared in the magazine's pages. Coverage of politics also increased substantially, reflecting Harrison's background as

3300-454: The seeking of poetic truth in preference to literal facts. From both men she absorbed a passion for eliminating unnecessary detail. Dickinson emphasized areas of color, which he called "spots," as the starting point for a painting. He spoke of "two spots being pulled up together, which is, of course, necessary because there's no such thing as one color. They all exist in harmonious common relationships." In 1937 Biala enlarged upon this thought in

3366-589: The show was mounted at the Denver Art Museum in Colorado, and in November she brought it to Olivet when Ford began his residency there. She and Ford were back in France the following year where Biala was given her first French solo exhibition at Galerie Zack. That gallery presented Biala's paintings in a second one-person show in 1939. Ford died at Deauville, France, in 1939 and Biala became his literary executrix. With

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3432-528: The subject of the war". Ford's novel Ladies Whose Bright Eyes (1911, extensively revised in 1935) is a time travel novel, like Twain 's classic A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court , only dramatising the difficulties, not the rewards, of such idealised situations. When the Spanish Civil War broke out, Ford took the side of the left Republican faction , declaring: "I am unhesitatingly for

3498-471: The teens particularly valued Ford's poetry as exemplifying treatment of modern subjects in contemporary diction. In 1924, he founded The Transatlantic Review , a journal with great influence on modern literature. Staying with the artistic community in the Latin Quarter of Paris , Ford befriended James Joyce , Ernest Hemingway , Gertrude Stein , Ezra Pound and Jean Rhys , all of whom he would publish (Ford

3564-455: The terms of a small legacy, partly "because a Teutonic name is in these days disagreeable", and possibly to avoid further lawsuits from Elsie in the event of his new companion, Stella, being referred to as "Mrs Hueffer". Between 1918 and 1927, he lived with Stella Bowen , an Australian artist 20 years his junior. In 1920, Ford and Bowen had a daughter, Julia Madox Ford. In the summer of 1927, The New York Times reported that Ford had converted

3630-719: The two propaganda books, Ford enlisted at 41 years of age into the Welsh Regiment of the British Army on 30 July 1915. He was sent to France. Ford's combat experiences and his previous propaganda activities inspired his tetralogy Parade's End (1924–1928), set in England and on the Western Front before, during and after World War I. Ford wrote dozens of novels as well as essays, poetry, memoirs and literary criticism. He collaborated with Joseph Conrad on three novels, The Inheritors (1901), Romance (1903) and The Nature of

3696-429: Was Schenehaia Tworkovska . She immigrated to New York in 1913, arriving with her mother, Esther, and brother, Yakov (Jacob). Her father, Hyman Tworkovsky, was a tailor who had emigrated to New York earlier. Biala's parents changed their surname to Bernstein because a relative whom they listed as sponsor on their immigration documents bore that name. The family also Americanized its forenames. Biala, whose Hebrew name

3762-519: Was "home." In the 1980s Biala told an interviewer that she fell in love with France when she first travelled there in 1930: "In some ways, it reminded me of the place I was born in. And when I came to France I felt as if I had come home. I smelled the same smells of bread baking and dogs going around in a very busy way, you know, as if they knew what they were about. It really was extraordinarily human." Having been naturalized in 1929, she never gave up her U.S. citizenship and maintained that she did not "have

3828-399: Was Schenehaia, became Janice and Yakov became Jack. Jack would later change his surname to a simplified form of the original family name and, using that name, Jack Tworkov , would establish himself as a highly regarded painter of the New York School . Following her brother's lead, Janice Bernstein became Janice Tworkov and, in 1929, was naturalized as a U.S. citizen with that name. Biala

3894-422: Was declining. The two of them endured dire financial straits, often raising their own vegetables in a kitchen garden attached to the villa they rented near Toulon. Biala made portraits of Ford and contributed artwork to his books. Ford incorporated versions of Biala in his writings, including a poem, "Coda," a late (1936) addition to the "buckshee" sequence of poems composed in 1932. The poem is addressed to Haïchka,

3960-535: Was educated in New York's public school system. At an early age she decided to become a professional artist and, during her high school years, she and her friends got together for informal sketching sessions. When she was twenty she enrolled in the National Academy of Design 's art course where Charles Hawthorne was teaching a life drawing class. At this time she also met Hawthorne's associate, Edwin Dickinson , who

4026-488: Was identified, anachronistically, as "J. Tworkov." A year later, as Janice Ford Biala, she contributed paintings to a show called "1940" at Parc des Expositions, Paris. Reporting on this show, a New York critic, Ruth Green Harris , said "The things and figures in her painting gravely turn about as if in some slow and harmonious joy. Not a hilarious joy nor a country dance. Something much richer and more contemplative than hilarity." At this time she wrote to her brother Jack "For

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4092-612: Was included in the exhibition Action, Gesture, Paint: Women Artists and Global Abstraction 1940-1970 at the Whitechapel Gallery in London. In 1903 Biala was born in Biała Podlaska , a small city in eastern Poland located near the border with Russia. At that time, Biała Podlaska was within the Russian Empire. Long a trading center, the town's population then numbered about 13,000 people, half of whom—including Biala's family—were Jewish. With one exception, resources do not give

4158-419: Was occasionally called Mrs. Brustlein. On at least one occasion, she used his professional name, calling herself Janice ("Alain") Biala. In one news account she was called Janice Tworkov Ford Brustlein. She most frequently called herself Janice Biala or simply Biala but was also sometimes referred to as Janice T. Biala. Until the 1940s Biala did not enjoy a steady income from any source. She worked odd jobs in

4224-562: Was taken ill in Honfleur , France, in June 1939 and died shortly afterward in Deauville at the age of 65. One of Ford's most famous works is the novel The Good Soldier (1915). Set just before World War I, The Good Soldier chronicles the tragic expatriate lives of two "perfect couples", one British and one American, using intricate flashbacks . In the "Dedicatory Letter to Stella Ford" that prefaces

4290-694: Was teaching a class at the Art Students League . In the summer of 1923 she convinced her brother Jack to accompany her to the artist colony in Provincetown, Massachusetts, in order to study with Hawthorne and Dickinson. During 1924 and 1925 she studied at Manhattan's Art Students League where Hawthorne was then teaching. In 1924 Dickinson made a portrait of her which shows a serious young woman, somberly dressed. Despite differences of medium and treatment, Biala's self-portrait of 1925 shows similarities of style. From Dickinson, Biala learned to focus on

4356-487: Was the model for the character Braddocks in Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises ). Basil Bunting worked as Ford's assistant on the magazine. As a critic, Ford is known for remarking "Open the book to page ninety-nine and read, and the quality of the whole will be revealed to you." George Seldes , in his book Witness to a Century , describes Ford ("probably in 1932") recalling his writing collaboration with Joseph Conrad, and

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