81-588: 182–195 kW (244–261 hp) (petrol) 380–391 N⋅m (280–288 lb⋅ft) (petrol) Barra is a name for an engine range created by Ford Australia , including the inline-6 and unrelated SOHC V8 in the Ford Australia Falcon between 2002 and 2016. The inline-6 engines are unique to the Australian manufactured Falcon and Territory and were developed and manufactured in Geelong , Victoria . The Barra
162-574: A US model introduced in Australia in 1960 and eventually adapted to Australian requirements and road conditions. On 31 March 1925, Ford announced that its Australian headquarters were to be at Geelong , Victoria . The first Australian-built Ford was a Model T launched in June 1925. The improvised production line was in a disused Geelong wool storage warehouse while work was under way on a factory several miles away, in an area later renamed Norlane . In 1928,
243-581: A black rocker cover and a top mounted intercooler. In May 2006, the engine received a minor internal upgrade which addressed concerns of bending con-rods, by introducing stronger con-rods. This engine is found in the BA / BF Falcon based FPV F6 Typhoon and Tornado models, and the SY Territory based FPV F6X , and was produced between 2004 and early 2009. It is the high-power variant of the Barra 240/245T versions found in
324-626: A common engine swap, as people believed the engine to be 'unbreakable', into X series Falcons, Australian Cortinas, Mustangs, Nissan Patrols and in the US in Shelby GTs. The Barra has gained incredible support across the world with components and conversion kits for a lot of cars. The Barra V8 (not to be confused with the Australian-made Barra I6), manufactured at the Essex, Ontario, Canada engine plant,
405-500: A development of the SOHC "Intech" I6s produced between 1998 and 2002, or the SOHC produced from 1988 to 1998, which in turn are a development of the 3.3 and 4.1 L push-rod flat-tappet I6, developed in Australia as an "Alloy Head" Crossflow in 1980, eventually in both carburetted and injected versions, which itself was developed from the original iron-head cross flow engine from 1976, and which in turn
486-428: A given displacement . The current categorisation is that a turbocharger is powered by the kinetic energy of the exhaust gases, whereas a supercharger is mechanically powered (usually by a belt from the engine's crankshaft). However, up until the mid-20th century, a turbocharger was called a "turbosupercharger" and was considered a type of supercharger. Prior to the invention of the turbocharger, forced induction
567-405: A limiting factor in the peak power produced by the engine. Various technologies, as described in the following sections, are often aimed at combining the benefits of both small turbines and large turbines. Large diesel engines often use a single-stage axial inflow turbine instead of a radial turbine. A twin-scroll turbocharger uses two separate exhaust gas inlets, to make use of the pulses in
648-610: A new model – the LTD – joined the second generation of Fairlanes the LTD. It was in effect a Fairlane with more features such as retractable headlights, a vinyl roof and an even longer wheelbase. From the third generation of Fairlane onwards, the LTD shared the same wheelbase and body as the Fairlane, being marketed as a more luxurious version of the Fairlane rather than being a completely different car. The Fairlane topped Australian luxury car sales for two decades before its gradual downfall started in
729-402: A new plastic inlet manifold & throttle body (replacing the broadband manifold intake which originated in the naturally aspirated EF Falcon ) and a redesigned cylinder head with 'Fast Burn' swirl changes to the inlet port. These changes achieved power and economy improvements over the Barra 190. The engine also moved to a rear sump design to suit the new FG Falcon front sub-frame. This engine
810-566: A pioneering role with turbocharging engines as witnessed by Sulzer, Saurer and Brown, Boveri & Cie . Automobile manufacturers began research into turbocharged engines during the 1950s, however the problems of "turbo lag" and the bulky size of the turbocharger were not able to be solved at the time. The first turbocharged cars were the short-lived Chevrolet Corvair Monza and the Oldsmobile Jetfire , both introduced in 1962. Greater adoption of turbocharging in passenger cars began in
891-504: A revision of the air intake system, the introduction of dual independent variable camshaft timing, a secondary knock sensor and an upgraded ECU, which allowed for more sophisticated ignition timing and spark control. These changes led to a slight increase in power to 190 kW. The Barra 195 is the last version of the naturally aspirated I6 engine and is found in the FG / FG-X Falcon and SZ / SZ II Territory . Changes from its predecessor include
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#1732851562210972-617: Is a major sponsor of the Geelong Football Club . The sponsorship agreement was first signed in 1925, making it one of the longest sporting sponsorships in the world. In August 2023, Ford Australia announced a major partnership with Basketball Australia . As part of the multi-year deal, the Ford logo will feature on the jerseys of the Australia men's national basketball team and the Australia women's national basketball team . Ford Australia
1053-589: Is a partner of Deakin University , funding the Ford Australia Women in STEAM Scholarship. Turbocharger In an internal combustion engine , a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger ) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for
1134-465: Is designed to run on autogas only. It features a Mild-performance, high-reliability, low-maintenance Vialle closed-loop single-point venturi-style LPG-injector-less carburetion system in lieu of the standard sequential petrol injection system. This engine was carried over to the FG Falcon with only one option of a 4-Speed automatic transmission, without traction control but was replaced in mid-2011 by
1215-486: Is done safely with the addition of another knock sensor. It was in production from 2005 until the release of the FG Falcon. Ford Australia Ford Motor Company of Australia Limited (known by its trading name Ford Australia ) is the Australian subsidiary of United States–based automaker Ford Motor Company . It was founded in 1925 as an Australian outpost of Ford Motor Company of Canada . At that time, Ford Canada
1296-412: Is done with the use of adjustable vanes located inside the turbine housing between the inlet and turbine, which affect flow of gases towards the turbine. Some variable-geometry turbochargers use a rotary electric actuator to open and close the vanes, while others use a pneumatic actuator . If the turbine's aspect ratio is too large, the turbo will fail to create boost at low speeds; if the aspect ratio
1377-602: Is found in the BA Falcon XR6 Turbo, and was produced between late 2002 and mid 2005. It is similar to the naturally aspirated Barra 182, except it has different pistons to lower the compression ratio, a single Garrett GT3582R turbocharger , higher base fuel pressure, Inconel exhaust valves, red rocker cover, and an intercooler . This engine is found in the BF Falcon XR6 Turbo and the SY Territory Turbo, and
1458-470: Is increasing. The companies which manufacture the most turbochargers in Europe and the U.S. are Garrett Motion (formerly Honeywell), BorgWarner and Mitsubishi Turbocharger . Turbocharger failures and resultant high exhaust temperatures are among the causes of car fires. Failure of the seals will cause oil to leak into the cylinders causing blue-gray smoke. In diesel engines, this can cause an overspeed,
1539-470: Is often considered the birth of the turbocharger. This patent was for a compound radial engine with an exhaust-driven axial flow turbine and compressor mounted on a common shaft. The first prototype was finished in 1915 with the aim of overcoming the power loss experienced by aircraft engines due to the decreased density of air at high altitudes. However, the prototype was not reliable and did not reach production. Another early patent for turbochargers
1620-527: Is that the FG XR6 Turbo is faster than the FPV's BF Typhoon although they share the same power output. This engine introduces a transient over-boost feature for a maximum of 10 seconds when optimal atmospheric conditions are met when under full throttle, which increases torque to a maximum of 586 Nm. This engine is found in the FG Falcon based FPV F6 . It is the high-power variant of the FG XR6 Turbo's Barra 270T. It
1701-402: Is that the optimum aspect ratio at low engine speeds is very different from that at high engine speeds. An electrically-assisted turbocharger combines a traditional exhaust-powered turbine with an electric motor, in order to reduce turbo lag. This differs from an electric supercharger , which solely uses an electric motor to power the compressor. The compressor draws in outside air through
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#17328515622101782-411: Is that the two nozzles are different sizes: the smaller nozzle is installed at a steeper angle and is used for low-rpm response, while the larger nozzle is less angled and optimised for times when high outputs are required. Variable-geometry turbochargers (also known as variable-nozzle turbochargers ) are used to alter the effective aspect ratio of the turbocharger as operating conditions change. This
1863-490: Is too small, the turbo will choke the engine at high speeds, leading to high exhaust manifold pressures, high pumping losses, and ultimately lower power output. By altering the geometry of the turbine housing as the engine accelerates, the turbo's aspect ratio can be maintained at its optimum. Because of this, variable-geometry turbochargers often have reduced lag, a lower boost threshold, and greater efficiency at higher engine speeds. The benefit of variable-geometry turbochargers
1944-441: Is unable to produce significant boost. At low rpm, the exhaust gas flow rate is unable to spin the turbine sufficiently. The boost threshold causes delays in the power delivery at low rpm (since the unboosted engine must accelerate the vehicle to increase the rpm above the boost threshold), while turbo lag causes delay in the power delivery at higher rpm. Some engines use multiple turbochargers, usually to reduce turbo lag, increase
2025-710: The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress in 1938, which used turbochargers produced by General Electric. Other early turbocharged airplanes included the Consolidated B-24 Liberator , Lockheed P-38 Lightning , Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and experimental variants of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 . The first practical application for trucks was realized by Swiss truck manufacturing company Saurer in the 1930s. BXD and BZD engines were manufactured with optional turbocharging from 1931 onwards. The Swiss industry played
2106-590: The Fairlane and the LTD. The first Fairlane, released in 1959, was an Australian-assembled version of the US Fairlane . Assembly of US cars continued until 1967, when Ford Australia designed its own luxury car, the ZA Fairlane. Heavily based on the existing XR Falcon, it had an extended wheelbase, longer boot and modest styling changes. Ford Fairlanes were often preferred vehicles among politicians and businessmen. In 1972
2187-597: The Geelong suburb of Norlane and the northern Melbourne suburb of Campbellfield. The Ford Discovery Centre , a museum of the history of the Ford Motor Company in Australia that was also located in Geelong, closed; the site was then occupied by Deakin University . From 1972 to 2016, Ford Falcons were fully Australian designed. The company produced the Territory SUV , which also ended production in 2016. Production of
2268-568: The Holden Ecotec and L67 supercharged V6 engines found in the Holden VY Commodore . This engine is found in the BF Falcon and SY / SY II Territory , and was produced between late 2005 and early 2008. It is aesthetically the same and mechanically very similar to the Barra 182. Changes from its predecessor include an increase in compression ratio, a slight revision of the cam profiles,
2349-413: The crankshaft ) whereas a turbocharger is powered by the kinetic energy of the engine's exhaust gas . A turbocharger does not place a direct mechanical load on the engine, although turbochargers place exhaust back pressure on engines, increasing pumping losses. Supercharged engines are common in applications where throttle response is a key concern, and supercharged engines are less likely to heat soak
2430-414: The 1980s, as a way to increase the performance of smaller displacement engines. Like other forced induction devices, a compressor in the turbocharger pressurises the intake air before it enters the inlet manifold . In the case of a turbocharger, the compressor is powered by the kinetic energy of the engine's exhaust gases, which is extracted by the turbocharger's turbine . The main components of
2511-607: The Australian Touring Car Championship and at the annual Bathurst 1000 touring car race, where the Falcon's reputation for engineering excellence was cemented by the early 1970s through the Falcon GT and GTHO "muscle car" variants. Ford manufactured more than four million units between 1960 and 2016, and topped sales charts on many occasions. By 2016 the Falcon line-up was offered only in sedan and utility body styles; in
Ford Barra engine - Misplaced Pages Continue
2592-509: The Australian market after 88 years due to uncompetitive manufacturing costs and lacklustre sales. The carmaker's annual financial report, for the previous year, showed a loss of A$ 141 million (£90m/US$ 136m) after tax for the 2012 financial year. This followed a loss of A$ 290m in 2011 and a total loss of A$ 600m over the preceding five years. As a result, 1200 staff would lose their jobs. Ford had two main factories, both in Victoria : located in
2673-467: The Barra engine featured in the FG-X XR6 Sprint . This engine is the most powerful six cylinder produced in Australia and was built in very limited numbers, with only 500 for Australia and 50 for New Zealand (True production is 560, as 10 pre-production vehicles were built and auctioned off). Each engine had its own numbered build plaque attached to the rocker cover, which is painted in the same colour as
2754-691: The Cortina was available with the option of either a 3.3-litre or 4.1-litre six-cylinder engine, and the Escort could be offered across the range with the Cortina's 2.0-litre motor. In 1977, lack of capacity required the Cortina wagon to be assembled in Renault 's (now long since closed) Australian factory in Heidelberg, Victoria . The Cortina's replacement, the Mazda 626 -based Telstar , was initially assembled in Australia. In 1989
2835-561: The EcoLPi system, which featured the ZF 6HP26 6-speed automatic transmission and traction control as per fitted to the petrol models. This engine was launched in 2011 as a replacement for the E-Gas engine. It features a liquid phase injection autogas system, allowing for much higher power and torque than previously. On 23 May 2013, Ford Australia confirmed that the Barra engine would be discontinued along with
2916-456: The Falcon ended with the closure of the Broadmeadows (Campbellfield) and Geelong engine and panel stamping plants. The Geelong factory produced its last Australian-made straight-six and V8 engines on 26 September 2016. Assembly at Broadmeadows concluded on 7 October 2016, ending Ford's 88-year history in Australia. Ford Australia was one of Ford's five product development centres globally. Since
2997-560: The Falcon soon proved unable to cope on harsh Australian roads, sparking a major effort to introduce improvements to its reliability. By the mid-1960s, the car was substantially different from its North American cousin and was offered in sedan, wagon, coupé, utility and panel van styles. Production of the North American Falcon, on which the Falcon was by then loosely based, ended in 1970, obliging Ford Australia to pursue its design independently. The first true all-Australian Ford Falcon
3078-473: The Ford Falcon and Territory by October 2016. Ford Australia's engine manufacturing operations ceased on 26 September 2016 and car assembly on 7 October 2016. Ford Australia president Bob Graziano cited unprofitability due to high labour costs and dwindling market share for the demise of local manufacturing. In the years following the discontinuation of the Barra 6, it gained enormous popularity among tuners, and
3159-723: The Ford Ikon and Fiesta in India and the Ford Bantam ute and Ikon (a sedan version of the Fiesta) in South Africa, and has also developed the new Ranger. On 24 January 2019, engineers and designers were among more than 100 workers to lose their jobs at Ford in Victoria. About 40 salaried workers, 75 hourly workers and 90 contractors across Ford bases in Broadmeadows, Lara and Geelong would be affected,
3240-575: The Telstar sedan was replaced by the locally assembled Ford Corsair which was essentially a rebadged Nissan Pintara . When Nissan shut down its Australian manufacturing operations in 1992 the Telstar nameplate was reintroduced, and as before it was a rebadged and respecced Mazda 626. In 1995 the Telstar was dropped in favour of the Mondeo , imported from Belgium . Ford Australia dropped the Mondeo in 2001, arguing at
3321-531: The Territory Turbo rocker cover. The engine is based internally upon the Barra 270T, with extras added from the Barra 310T variant such as the turbo, intercooler and injectors. In an Australian first, Ford also employed a custom designed carbon fibre air intake which increased airflow by 45 percent. It was chosen to base the engine on the 270T instead of the 310T due to the increased compression ratio. The engine yet again employs Ford's over-boost feature, which when
Ford Barra engine - Misplaced Pages Continue
3402-516: The XR6 Turbo. The increase in power is achieved through the use of higher boost pressures from the otherwise under-utilised large Garrett GT3540 turbocharger, a larger intercooler, revised air intake. These are differentiated from the standard turbo engines by the unique FPV blue-coloured rocker cover. With the introduction of the BF Falcon in 2005, the 270T also inherited the upgrades found in the 245T, but
3483-514: The backing of large-volume exports to overseas markets, the Holden Statesman and Caprice then became the sole full-size extended wheelbase luxury models until their demise in 2017. Between 2004 and 2016, the Ford Territory had been built on the same production line as the Falcon. The Territory (technically a crossover ) had regularly been the most popular SUV in Australia. Ford Australia
3564-694: The company confirmed, as the automaker further consolidated its operations. Ford's engineering work on its Ranger ute and other models "will be led out of the United States", the company said in a statement. Remaining Australian-based engineers would have a "strategic role" in developing a new medium-sized pick-up truck for Ford and the German brand, the automaker said. Ford Australia started by assembling Model Ts. As Ford introduced new models, they were assembled in Australia. During World War II, Ford Australia ceased producing cars to commence military production to support
3645-449: The compressor blades. Ported shroud designs can have greater resistance to compressor surge and can improve the efficiency of the compressor wheel. The center hub rotating assembly (CHRA) houses the shaft that connects the turbine to the compressor. A lighter shaft can help reduce turbo lag. The CHRA also contains a bearing to allow this shaft to rotate at high speeds with minimal friction. Some CHRAs are water-cooled and have pipes for
3726-561: The correct conditions are met will increase engine output to 370 kW and 650 Nm. According to Ford Program Manager David Burn and Program Analyst Justin Capicchiano, there are differences in the internals between turbo models, however no forged internals have been used. This engine was launched in 2002 with the BA Falcon and was a development of the Intech E-Gas engine. The E-Gas engine
3807-522: The end of factory operations in 2016, it fully imports cars and trucks for the Asia/Pacific region after the closure of its Australian operations. It was expected to retain about 1300 workers in Australia. Ford Australia was also designated as one of five (worldwide) full-service Regional Product Development Centres, specifically for the Asia Pacific and African regions. Products launched so far include
3888-403: The engine rpm is within the turbocharger's operating range – that occurs between pressing the throttle and the turbocharger spooling up to provide boost pressure. This delay is due to the increasing exhaust gas flow (after the throttle is suddenly opened) taking time to spin up the turbine to speeds where boost is produced. The effect of turbo lag is reduced throttle response , in
3969-559: The engine's coolant to flow through. One reason for water cooling is to protect the turbocharger's lubricating oil from overheating. The simplest type of turbocharger is the free floating turbocharger. This system would be able to achieve maximum boost at maximum engine revs and full throttle, however additional components are needed to produce an engine that is driveable in a range of load and rpm conditions. Additional components that are commonly used in conjunction with turbochargers are: Turbo lag refers to delay – when
4050-418: The engine's intake system, pressurises it, then feeds it into the combustion chambers (via the inlet manifold ). The compressor section of the turbocharger consists of an impeller, a diffuser, and a volute housing. The operating characteristics of a compressor are described by the compressor map . Some turbochargers use a "ported shroud", whereby a ring of holes or circular grooves allows air to bleed around
4131-682: The factory switched to the Model A , which was followed in 1932 by the Ford V8 . In 1934, the company released a coupé utility based on the US Model A Ford "Closed Cab Pickup Truck" that had been produced for six years from 1928. The local designer was Ford engineer Louis (Lewis) Bandt . During the Great Depression , banks would not extend credit to farmers to purchase passenger cars, contending they were unnecessary luxuries. However, they would lend money for
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#17328515622104212-410: The flow of exhaust gases to mechanical energy of a rotating shaft (which is used to power the compressor section). The turbine housings direct the gas flow through the turbine section, and the turbine itself can spin at speeds of up to 250,000 rpm. Some turbocharger designs are available with multiple turbine housing options, allowing a housing to be selected to best suit the engine's characteristics and
4293-400: The flow of the exhaust gasses from each cylinder. In a standard (single-scroll) turbocharger, the exhaust gas from all cylinders is combined and enters the turbocharger via a single intake, which causes the gas pulses from each cylinder to interfere with each other. For a twin-scroll turbocharger, the cylinders are split into two groups in order to maximize the pulses. The exhaust manifold keeps
4374-404: The form of a delay in the power delivery. Superchargers do not suffer from turbo lag because the compressor mechanism is driven directly by the engine. Methods to reduce turbo lag include: A similar phenomenon that is often mistaken for turbo lag is the boost threshold . This is where the engine speed (rpm) is currently below the operating range of the turbocharger system, therefore the engine
4455-410: The gases from these two groups of cylinders separated, then they travel through two separate spiral chambers ("scrolls") before entering the turbine housing via two separate nozzles. The scavenging effect of these gas pulses recovers more energy from the exhaust gases, minimizes parasitic back losses and improves responsiveness at low engine speeds. Another common feature of twin-scroll turbochargers
4536-454: The intake air. A combination of an exhaust-driven turbocharger and an engine-driven supercharger can mitigate the weaknesses of both. This technique is called twincharging . Turbochargers have been used in the following applications: In 2017, 27% of vehicles sold in the US were turbocharged. In Europe 67% of all vehicles were turbocharged in 2014. Historically, more than 90% of turbochargers were diesel, however, adoption in petrol engines
4617-459: The late 1980s with the rising importation of European models such as BMW and Mercedes Benz. By the turn of the millennium, the Fairlane had been overtaken by the Holden Statesman in sales. In 2007, Ford Australia announced it would be cancelling further production of the Fairlane and LTD beyond the 2007 model year, citing falling sales and an uncertain future in the full-size luxury market. With
4698-473: The new Melbourne factory would become the company headquarters. In 2009, the parent Ford company, seeking to avoid the Chapter 11 bankruptcy that had already befallen General Motors and Chrysler, began abandoning overseas projects. By about July 2009, Ford Australia had received permission from Detroit to add a new small car to its Falcon production line. On 23 May 2013, Ford Australia announced that it would leave
4779-461: The past, panel vans, station wagons and hardtops had been offered. Falcons had been prominent as taxis in Australia and New Zealand, along with sister car, the Ford Fairlane. Performance variants of the Falcon were used extensively for pursuit work for many years. Ford Australia produced a range of full-size luxury cars alongside the Falcon for most of its production history. These models were named
4860-407: The performance requirements. A turbocharger's performance is closely tied to its size, and the relative sizes of the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel. Large turbines typically require higher exhaust gas flow rates, therefore increasing turbo lag and increasing the boost threshold. Small turbines can produce boost quickly and at lower flow rates, since it has lower rotational inertia, but can be
4941-441: The power figures were left unchanged. This engine is found in the FG / FG-X Falcon XR6 Turbo, and was produced between mid 2008 and late 2016. Although the power figures for the revised turbo engine mimic the old FPV turbo I6, the engines are quite different. It has a redesigned low-profile log style intake manifold, a smaller turbocharger which spools faster, a new intercooler, redesigned pistons to increase compression. The result
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#17328515622105022-548: The power output from 1,300 to 1,860 kilowatts (1,750 to 2,500 hp). This engine was used by the German Ministry of Transport for two large passenger ships called the Preussen and Hansestadt Danzig . The design was licensed to several manufacturers and turbochargers began to be used in marine, railcar and large stationary applications. Turbochargers were used on several aircraft engines during World War II, beginning with
5103-533: The purchase of "working" vehicles. The coupé utility fulfilled the need of farmers to have a workhorse which could also be used, as a well-known saying went: "to take the wife to church on Sunday and the pigs to the market on Monday". In 1956, the company bought a large tract of land in the northern Melbourne suburb of Campbellfield to build the Broadmeadows Assembly Plant , and in July 1961 announced that
5184-399: The range of rpm where boost is produced, or simplify the layout of the intake/exhaust system. The most common arrangement is twin turbochargers, however triple-turbo or quad-turbo arrangements have been occasionally used in production cars. The key difference between a turbocharger and a supercharger is that a supercharger is mechanically driven by the engine (often through a belt connected to
5265-482: The time that the segment of the market in which it competed was in decline, but in 2007, it announced that it would introduce the new Mk IV model in Australia. The Ford Falcon was manufactured in Australia to a North American design, with the first model rolling off the production line at Ford's Broadmeadows plant on 28 June 1960. It differed little from the American design apart from conversion to right hand drive , and
5346-647: The turbocharged I6 engine found strong favour with enthusiasts, due to its ease of tuning for more power and the cheaper yearly registration fees associated with fewer cylinders in some Australian states such as Queensland . Specifications: Block Material: Cast Iron Cylinder Heads Material: Aluminum Alloy Crankshaft Material: Cast Iron Maximum Engine Speed: 5250 RPM Bore: 90.2 mm Stroke: 105.8 mm Compression Ratio : 10.3 : 1 Firing Order : 1-3-7-2-6-5-4-8 Displacement: 5408 cc Number of valves: 24 (two inlet valves with 34.00 mm and one exhaust valve at 37.5 mm per cylinder) This
5427-407: The turbocharger are: The turbine section (also called the "hot side" or "exhaust side" of the turbo) is where the rotational force is produced, in order to power the compressor (via a rotating shaft through the center of a turbo). After the exhaust has spun the turbine it continues into the exhaust piping and out of the vehicle. The turbine uses a series of blades to convert kinetic energy from
5508-668: The war effort. After World War II, Ford recommenced assembly of imported Ford models. Initially, they assembled the UK sourced Pilot , then a range of British cars, including the Prefect , Anglia , Consul , Zephyr and Zodiac . Ford also assembled the Canadian Ford V8. The Ford Laser was produced in Ford's plant at Flemington in Sydney, from 1981 until September 1994 when the plant closed, after which they were fully imported from Japan. The Laser
5589-582: Was a separate company from Ford in the US. Henry Ford had granted the manufacturing rights of Ford motor vehicles in the British Empire (later the Commonwealth ) to Canadian investors. Ford Australia's first products were Model T cars assembled from complete knock-down (CKD) kits provided by Ford of Canada. Of the many models that followed, the best known was the Falcon produced from 1972 to 2016, originally
5670-423: Was an optional engine on the BA Falcon and was produced between October 2002 and October 2005. Introduced in October 2005 as an option for the BF Falcon, the Barra 230 introduced dual knock sensors instead of the single knock sensor on the BA Falcon. It also had more aggressive ignition calibration, slight increase in compression ratio, and various ECU modifications to comply with Euro III emissions standards. This
5751-476: Was applied for in 1916 by French steam turbine inventor Auguste Rateau , for their intended use on the Renault engines used by French fighter planes. Separately, testing in 1917 by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and Sanford Alexander Moss showed that a turbocharger could enable an engine to avoid any power loss (compared with the power produced at sea level) at an altitude of up to 4,250 m (13,944 ft) above sea level. The testing
5832-451: Was based on the Ford modular engine . All were 90-degree V8 engines with a displacement of 5.4 litres. All are SOHC with VCT incorporating 3 valves per cylinder. The Falcon was the first vehicle to use Ford's VCT Modular engine. While in previous generations of Falcon the V8 had been the most powerful option, the turbocharged I-6 engine produced more power than the base 220 kW V8. With time,
5913-674: Was conducted at Pikes Peak in the United States using the Liberty L-12 aircraft engine. The first commercial application of a turbocharger was in June 1924 when the first heavy duty turbocharger, model VT402, was delivered from the Baden works of Brown, Boveri & Cie , under the supervision of Alfred Büchi, to SLM, Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works in Winterthur. This was followed very closely in 1925, when Alfred Büchi successfully installed turbochargers on ten-cylinder diesel engines, increasing
5994-477: Was developed, again in Australia, from the original non-cross flow family of light Ford sixes which originated in North America as the " Thriftpower Six " designed for the original American Ford Falcon compact of 1959, initially in just a 144 cubic inch (2.4 L) displacement. This engine is found in the 6-cylinder variants of the BA Falcon (also derivative models Fairmont and Fairlane ), and SX Territory , and
6075-590: Was first introduced in the BA Falcon , named after the " Barramundi " code name used during the development of the BA update engine. The V8 engine, from Windsor , Ontario, were discontinued with the FG model whereas the I6 engines continued production until 26 September 2016, coinciding with the end of production of the Falcon and Territory on 7 October. All Barra I6 engines are DOHC with Variable valve timing and contain 24 valves. They are
6156-687: Was launched as the XA model in June 1972. The XD and XE generation Falcons (1979-1984) followed the styling trends of Ford Europe 's Granada II model, but were still purely an Australian design from an engineering standpoint and had virtually no parts commonality with the European product. The Falcon had been an Australian "automotive icon" for most of its 56 years in production, playing a prominent part in Australian popular culture and motor racing. Falcons have served as taxis, police cars, family runabouts, and transport for tradespeople. They have been winners many times in
6237-417: Was only possible using mechanically-powered superchargers . Use of superchargers began in 1878, when several supercharged two-stroke gas engines were built using a design by Scottish engineer Dugald Clerk . Then in 1885, Gottlieb Daimler patented the technique of using a gear-driven pump to force air into an internal combustion engine. The 1905 patent by Alfred Büchi , a Swiss engineer working at Sulzer
6318-454: Was produced between late 2002 and mid 2005. This was the first Falcon engine that came standard with DOHC and Variable Cam Timing . This contributed to the significant jump in output over the base 157 kW SOHC Intech engine in the previous generation AU Falcon and a 10 kW gain over the Tickford enhanced VCT engine's 172 kW. It also kept Ford's engine power outputs above those of
6399-400: Was produced between mid 2005 and early 2008. It is internally very similar to its predecessor, with the 5 kW power increase found through the changes introduced by the Barra 190 (revised camshaft profiles and more powerful ECU, enabling dual independent VCT with an extra knock sensor). Aesthetically the engine is the same as the previous model, with the exception of the Territory Turbo using
6480-482: Was produced between mid 2008 and mid 2014, ending production when FPV shut down. Featuring a larger turbocharger and intercooler, different pistons to reduce compression, and larger injectors than its less powerful sibling (the FG Barra 270T), it was the first engine manufactured in Australia to produce more than 100 hp (75 kW) per litre, producing 310 kW at the flywheel. The final and most powerful variant of
6561-533: Was replaced by the Ford Focus in 2002. It is currently offered in sedan and hatchback variants with a 2.0L engine, which is one of the market leaders in sales. The Fiesta , a global Ford product, has also been offered between 2004 and 2022. Mid-size cars formerly assembled in Australia included the Ford Cortina , Capri and Escort , from the UK. These were adapted for the Australian market: for example, from 1972,
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