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101-474: In late 2009 and early 2010, the Florida Whig Party attracted attention for fielding an unusually large number of candidates for a third party. However, their first candidate, Paul McKain, left the party in early 2010 to run without affiliation. In addition, the party attempted to field additional Whig candidates, to include Clayton Schock, John Annarumma, Stephen Bacon, and Steve Gerritzen, but in spring 2010

202-874: A civil rights plank in the Democratic Party platform of 1948 led to a walkout of 35 delegates from Mississippi and Alabama . These southern delegations nominated their own States Rights Democratic Party, better known as the Dixiecrats , nominees with South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond leading the ticket (Thurmond would later represent South Carolina in the U.S. Senate, and join the Republicans in 1964). The Dixiecrats held their convention in Birmingham, Alabama , where they nominated Thurmond for president and Fielding L. Wright , governor of Mississippi, for vice president. Dixiecrat leaders worked to have Thurmond-Wright declared

303-710: A conservative Democrat is a member of the Democratic Party with more conservative views than most Democrats. Traditionally, conservative Democrats have been elected to office from the Southern states , rural areas , and the Great Plains . In 2019, the Pew Research Center found that 14% of Democratic and Democratic-leaning registered voters identify as conservative or very conservative, 38% identify as moderate, and 47% identify as liberal or very liberal. Before 1964,

404-766: A brevet to these ranks. Buckner gained such a reputation for fair dealings with the Indians , that the Oglala Lakota tribe called him Young Chief, and their leader, Yellow Bear , refused to treat with anyone but Buckner. Before leaving the Army, Buckner helped an old friend from West Point and the Mexican–American War, Captain Ulysses S. Grant , by covering his expenses at a New York hotel until money arrived from Ohio to pay for his passage home. On March 26, 1855, Buckner resigned from

505-444: A check on legislation that its members perceive to be too far to the right or the left on the political spectrum. The Blue Dog Coalition is often involved in searching for a compromise between liberal and conservative positions. As of 2014, there was no mention of social issues in the official Blue Dog materials. Historically, Southern Democrats were generally much more conservative than conservative Democrats are now, and formed

606-617: A delegate to the Democratic National Convention that nominated Horatio Seymour for president. Though Buckner had favored George H. Pendleton , he loyally supported the party's nominee throughout the campaign. In 1883, Buckner was a candidate for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination. Other prominent candidates included Congressman Thomas Laurens Jones , former congressman J. Proctor Knott , and Louisville mayor Charles Donald Jacob . Buckner consistently ran third in

707-418: A dispatch in person, Grant's reply included his famous quotation, "No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works." To this, Buckner responded: SIR:—The distribution of the forces under my command, incident to an unexpected change of commanders, and the overwhelming force under your command, compel me, notwithstanding the brilliant success of

808-550: A few thousand Mexican cavalry at a nearby town called Amazoque. On August 8, 1847, Buckner was appointed quartermaster of the 6th Infantry. Shortly thereafter, he participated in battles at San Antonio and Churubusco , being slightly wounded in the latter battle. He was appointed a brevet first lieutenant for gallantry at Churubusco and Contreras , but declined the honor in part because reports of his participation at Contreras were in error—he had been fighting in San Antonio at

909-455: A hiatus from teaching to serve in the Mexican–American War, participating in many of its major battles. He resigned from the army in 1855 to manage his father-in-law's real estate in Chicago, Illinois . He returned to his native state of Kentucky in 1857 and was appointed adjutant general by Governor Beriah Magoffin in 1861. In this position, he tried to enforce Kentucky 's neutrality policy in

1010-879: A private school in Munfordville. His closest friend in Munfordville was Thomas J. Wood , who would become a Union Army general opposing Buckner at the Battle of Perryville and the Battle of Chickamauga during the Civil War. Buckner's father was an iron worker, but found that Hart County did not have sufficient timber to fire his iron furnace. Consequently, in 1838, he moved the family to southern Muhlenberg County where he organized an iron-making corporation. Buckner attended school in Greenville , and later at Christian County Seminary in Hopkinsville . On July 1, 1840, Buckner enrolled at

1111-632: A profit. Buckner was a Compatriot of the Kentucky Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and was elected as a Vice President General in 1890. After his term as governor, Buckner returned to Glen Lily. In 1895, he was one of four candidates nominated for a seat in the U.S. Senate — the others being the incumbent, J. C. S. Blackburn ; outgoing governor John Y. Brown ; and Representative James B. McCreary . The Democratic party split over

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1212-506: A promotion for him. The promotion to lieutenant general came on September 20. Smith placed Buckner in charge of the critical but difficult task of selling the department's cotton through enemy lines. As news of Gen. Robert E. Lee 's surrender, on April 9, 1865, reached the department, soldiers deserted the Confederacy in droves. On April 19, Smith consolidated the District of Arkansas with

1313-425: A push to attract moderate/ conservative Democrats and Republicans . According to the party website, the party was dissolved in 2012. Conservative Democrats Defunct Newspapers Journals TV channels Websites Other Economics Gun rights Identity politics Nativist Religion Watchdog groups Youth/student groups Miscellaneous Other In American politics ,

1414-423: A reference to Southern Democrats said to be so loyal they would even vote for a yellow dog before they would vote for any Republican. The term is also a reference to the "Blue Dog" paintings of Cajun artist George Rodrigue of Lafayette, Louisiana . The Blue Dog Coalition "advocates for fiscal responsibility, a strong national defense and bipartisan consensus rather than conflict with Republicans". It acts as

1515-533: A routine audit of the state's finances which had been neglected for years. The audit showed that the state's longtime treasurer, James "Honest Dick" Tate , had been mismanaging and embezzling the state's money since 1872. Faced with the prospect that his malfeasance would be discovered, Tate absconded with nearly $ 250,000 of state funds. He was never found. The General Assembly immediately began impeachment hearings against Tate, convicted him in absentia , and removed him from office. State auditor Fayette Hewitt

1616-622: A settled issue, conservative Democrats, mostly Southerners, managed to remain in the United States Congress throughout the 1970s and 1980s. These included Democratic House members as conservative as Larry McDonald , who was also a leader in the John Birch Society . During the administration of Ronald Reagan , the term " boll weevils " was applied to this bloc of conservative Democrats, who consistently voted in favor of tax cuts, increases in military spending, and deregulation favored by

1717-559: A spokesman for big business. A different source of conservative Democratic dissent against the New Deal came from a group of journalists who considered themselves classical liberals and Democrats of the old school, and were opposed to big government programs on principle; these included Albert Jay Nock and John T. Flynn , whose views later became influential in the libertarian movement. The proclamation by President Harry S. Truman and Minneapolis Mayor Hubert Humphrey of support for

1818-482: A unified voice after Democrats' loss of Congress in the 1994 Republican Revolution . The coalition consists of centrist and conservative Democrats. The term "Blue Dog Democrat" is credited to Texas Democratic U.S. Representative Pete Geren (who later joined the Bush administration ). Geren opined that the members had been "choked blue" by Democrats on the left. It is related to the political term " Yellow Dog Democrat ",

1919-527: A wasted vote and might even throw the election to Bryan. Ultimately, Palmer and Buckner received just over one percent of the vote in the election. Following this defeat, Buckner retired to Glen Lily but remained active in politics. Though he always claimed membership in the Democratic party, he opposed the machine politics of William Goebel , his party's gubernatorial nominee in 1899. In 1903, he supported his son-in-law, Morris Belknap, for governor against Goebel's lieutenant governor , J. C. W. Beckham . When

2020-470: A year later, he resigned the post in protest over the academy's compulsory chapel attendance policy. Following his resignation, he was assigned to a recruiting post at Fort Columbus . Buckner married Mary Jane Kingsbury on May 2, 1850, at her aunt's home in Old Lyme, Connecticut . Just before the conclusion of the ceremony, a fire broke out at a nearby home and Buckner and others rushed away to help extinguish

2121-483: The 14th Amendment . He recovered most of his property through lawsuits and regained much of his wealth through shrewd business deals. On January 5, 1874, after five years of suffering with tuberculosis , Buckner's wife died. Now a widower, Buckner continued to live in Louisville until 1877 when he and his daughter Lily returned to the family estate, Glen Lily, in Munfordville. His sister, a recent widow, also returned to

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2222-431: The 2006 midterm elections , the Democratic Party ran moderates and even a few conservative Democrats for at-risk Republican seats. The Blue Dog Democrats gained nine seats during the elections. The New Democrats had support from 27 of the 40 Democratic candidates running for at-risk Republican seats. In his 2010 campaign for reelection, Walter Minnick , U.S. Representative for Idaho's 1st congressional district ,

2323-535: The 2010 midterms . In the 2018 House of Representatives elections , the Democratic Party nominated moderate to conservative candidates in many contested districts and won a majority in the chamber. In the aftermath of the elections, the Blue Dog Coalition expanded to 27 members. During the 117th Congress with the Senate evenly split 50-50, U.S. Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia wielded enormous influence as

2424-689: The American Independent Party campaign of George Wallace, the Democratic governor of Alabama, in 1968 . Wallace had briefly run in the Democratic primaries of 1964 against Lyndon Johnson , but dropped out of the race early. In 1968, he formed the new American Independent Party and received 13.5% of the popular vote, and 46 electoral votes, carrying several Southern states. The AIP would run presidential candidates in several other elections, including Southern Democrats ( Lester Maddox in 1976 and John Rarick in 1980 ), but none of them did nearly as well as Wallace. After 1968, with desegregation

2525-564: The Battle of Chickamauga . Buckner's Corps fought on the Confederate left both days, the second under the "wing" command of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet , participating in the great breakthrough of the Union line. After Chickamauga, Rosecrans and his Army of the Cumberland retreated to fortified Chattanooga. Bragg held an ineffective siege against Chattanooga, but refused to take any further action as

2626-614: The Mexican–American War , enlisting with the 6th U.S. Infantry Regiment . His early duties included recruiting soldiers and bringing them to the Texas border. In November 1846, he was ordered to join his company in the field; he met them en route between Monclova and Parras . The company joined John E. Wool at Saltillo . In January 1847, Buckner was ordered to Vera Cruz with William J. Worth 's division . While Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott besieged Vera Cruz , Buckner's unit engaged

2727-714: The National Democratic Party , or "Gold Democrats", who favored a gold standard policy over the Free Silver position of the mainline Democrats. He was the National Democratic Party's candidate for Vice President of the United States in the 1896 election , but polled just over one percent of the vote on a ticket with his running mate, ex-Union general John M. Palmer . He never again sought public office and died on January 8, 1914. Simon B. Buckner (Sr.),

2828-578: The Tennessee River in February 1862, he turned his sights on nearby Fort Donelson on the Cumberland . Western Theater commander Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston sent Buckner to be one of four brigadier generals defending the fort. In overall command was the influential politician and military novice John B. Floyd ; Buckner's peers were Gideon J. Pillow and Bushrod Johnson . Buckner's division defended

2929-572: The United States Military Academy . In 1844, he graduated eleventh in his class of 25 and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Infantry Regiment . He was assigned to garrison duty at Sackett's Harbor on Lake Ontario until August 28, 1845, when he returned to the Academy to serve as an assistant professor of geography , history , and ethics . In May 1846, Buckner resigned his teaching position to fight in

3030-595: The University of Kentucky ) in 1884. At that year's state Democratic convention, he served on the committee on credentials. Delegates to the 1887 state Democratic convention nominated Buckner unanimously for the office of governor. A week later, the Republicans chose William O. Bradley as their candidate. The Prohibition Party and the Union Labor Party also nominated candidates for governor. The official results of

3131-961: The "official" Democratic Party ticket in Southern states. They succeeded in Alabama, Louisiana , Mississippi, and South Carolina ; in other states, they were forced to run as a third-party ticket. Preston Parks , elected as a presidential elector for Truman in Tennessee , instead voted for the Thurmond-Wright ticket. Leander Perez attempted to keep the States Rights Party alive in Louisiana after 1948. Similar breakaway Southern Democratic candidates running on states' rights and segregationist platforms would continue in 1956 ( T. Coleman Andrews ), and 1960 ( Harry F. Byrd ). None would be as successful as

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3232-532: The 1960s. However, most of the conservative Southern Democrats supported the foreign policy of Roosevelt and Truman. Roosevelt tried to purge the more conservative Democrats in numerous states in 1938. He especially tried to unseat those up for reelection who defeated his plan to pack the Supreme Court in 1937. He failed in nearly all cases, except for a major success in defeating John J. O'Connor in Manhattan,

3333-504: The Army to work with his father-in-law, who had extensive real estate holdings in Chicago, Illinois . When his father-in-law died in 1856, Buckner inherited his property and moved to Chicago to manage it. Still interested in military affairs, Buckner joined the Illinois State Militia of Cook County as a major . On April 3, 1857, he was appointed adjutant general of Illinois by Governor William Henry Bissell . He resigned

3434-632: The Confederacy here, and on April 28, he was ordered to join Edmund Kirby Smith in the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederacy. Buckner had difficulty traveling to the West, and it was early summer before he arrived. He assumed command of the District of West Louisiana on August 4. Shortly after Buckner arrived at Smith's headquarters in Shreveport , Louisiana , Smith began requesting

3535-662: The Confederate arms yesterday, to accept the ungenerous and unchivalrous terms which you propose. The asperity of these notes was only superficial; Buckner greeted his old friend warmly when Grant arrived to accept the surrender. They joked about their time in Mexico and the incompetence of General Pillow. Grant offered to loan Buckner money to see him through his impending imprisonment, but Buckner declined. As mentioned above, Buckner had paid for then-Captain Grant's lodging in New York City after

3636-403: The Confederate attack from opening a corridor for an escape from the besieged fort. However, Floyd and Pillow combined to undo the day's work by ordering the troops back to their trench positions. Late that night the generals held a council of war in which Floyd and Pillow expressed satisfaction with the events of the day, but Buckner convinced them that they had little realistic chance to hold

3737-832: The Cumberland River, which led to the evacuation of Nashville. While Buckner was a Union prisoner of war at Fort Warren in Boston , Kentucky Senator Garrett Davis unsuccessfully sought to have him tried for treason. On August 15, 1862, after five months of writing poetry in solitary confinement, Buckner was exchanged for Union Brig. Gen. George A. McCall . The following day he was promoted to major general and ordered to Chattanooga, Tennessee , to join Gen. Braxton Bragg 's Army of Mississippi . Days after Buckner joined Bragg, both Bragg and Maj. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith began an invasion of Kentucky. As Bragg pushed north, his first encounter

3838-404: The Democratic Party and Republican Party each had influential liberal, moderate, and conservative wings. During this period, conservative Democrats formed the Democratic half of the conservative coalition . After 1964, the Democratic Party retained its conservative wing through the 1970s with the help of urban machine politics . In the 21st century, the number of conservative Democrats decreased as

3939-596: The Democratic Party as "the default vehicle for day-to-day political life, and the dominant presence, regardless of ideology, for state and local politics." In 2019, the Pew Research Center found that 14% of Democratic and Democratic-leaning registered voters identify as conservative or very conservative, 38% identify as moderate, and 47% identify as liberal or very liberal. Simon Bolivar Buckner Simon Bolivar Buckner ( / ˈ s aɪ m ə n ˈ b ɒ l ɪ v ər ˈ b ʌ k n ər / SY -mən BOL -i-vər BUK -nər ; April 1, 1823 – January 8, 1914)

4040-716: The Democratic Party as "the default vehicle for day-to-day political life, and the dominant presence, regardless of ideology, for state and local politics." In the House after the 1994 Republican Revolution , the Blue Dog Coalition was formed, a caucus of conservatives and centrists willing to broker compromises with the Republican leadership who acted as a unified voting bloc in the past, giving its members some ability to change legislation, depending on their numbers in Congress. During

4141-580: The Democratic half of the conservative coalition . After the 1994 Republican Revolution , the Republican Party won a majority of U.S. House seats in the South for the first time since Reconstruction, with the remaining conservative Democrats forming the Blue Dog Coalition . Conservative Democrats are generally fiscally conservative , and are often also socially conservative . According to journalist Ed Kilgore, Yellow Dog Democrats were Southerners who saw

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4242-536: The Democratic nomination for president. John Nance Garner , of Texas, 32nd Vice President of the United States under Roosevelt, a conservative Southerner, broke with Roosevelt in 1937 and ran against him for the Democratic nomination for president in 1940, but lost. By 1938 conservative Democrats in Congress—chiefly from the South—formed a coalition with Republicans that largely blocked liberal domestic policy until

4343-465: The Democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan for president and adopted a platform calling for the free coinage of silver. Gold standard Democrats opposed Bryan and the free silver platform. They formed a new party—the National Democratic Party , or Gold Democrats—which Buckner joined. At the new party's state convention in Louisville, Buckner's name was proposed as a candidate for vice president . He

4444-638: The Department of East Tennessee. Buckner was given a medical leave of absence following Chickamauga, returning to Virginia, where he engaged in routine work while recovering his strength. His division was sent without him to support Longstreet in the Knoxville Campaign , while the remainder of Bragg's army was defeated in the Chattanooga Campaign . Buckner served on the court martial of Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws after that subordinate of Longstreet's

4545-575: The District of West Louisiana; the combined district was put under Buckner's command. On May 9, Smith made Buckner his chief of staff. Rumors began to swirl in both Union and Confederate camps that Smith and Buckner would not surrender, but would fall back to Mexico with soldiers who remained loyal to the Confederacy. Though Smith did cross the Rio Grande , he learned on his arrival that Buckner had traveled to New Orleans on May 26 and arranged terms of surrender. Smith had instead instructed Buckner to move all

4646-486: The Mexican War when Grant was destitute. As evidence of their mutual respect, Buckner later acted as a pall bearer and paid for Grant's funeral in 1885, as well as provided Grant's widow a financial monthly payment so she could live out her years. The surrender was a humiliation for Buckner personally, but also a strategic defeat for the Confederacy, which lost more than 12,000 men and much equipment, as well as control of

4747-506: The Ohio , the main Union force in the state, was pressing toward Louisville. Bragg left his army and met Kirby Smith in Frankfort, where he was able to attend the inauguration of Confederate Governor Richard Hawes on October 4. Buckner, although protesting this distraction from the military mission, attended as well and gave stirring speeches to the local crowds about the Confederacy's commitment to

4848-459: The Reagan administration but were opposed to cuts in social welfare spending. Boll weevils was sometimes used as a political epithet by Democratic Party leaders, implying that the boll weevils were unreliable on key votes or not team players. Most of the boll weevils either retired from office or (like Senators Phil Gramm and Richard Shelby ) switched parties and joined the Republicans. Since 1988,

4949-406: The South in every presidential election from 1876 until 1964 (and even in 1928, the divided South provided most of Smith's electoral votes). The Democratic dominance originated in many Southerners' animosity towards the Republican Party's role in the Civil War and Reconstruction. In 1896 , William Jennings Bryan won the Democratic Party nomination by promoting silver over gold, and denouncing

5050-568: The Union Forces. Pillow and Floyd were able to escape, as did cavalry commander Col. Nathan Bedford Forrest . That morning, Buckner sent a messenger to the Union Army requesting an armistice and a meeting of commissioners to work out surrender terms. He may have been hoping Grant would offer generous terms, remembering the assistance he gave Grant when he was destitute, but Grant's reply was curt. Sending his aide Colonel William Hillyer to deliver

5151-455: The Union army at Perryville , but again, Bragg refused. Finally, on October 8, 1862, Bragg's army—not yet concentrated with Kirby Smith's—engaged Maj. Gen. Alexander McCook's corps of Buell's army and began the Battle of Perryville . Buckner's division fought under General Hardee during this battle, achieving a significant breakthrough in the Confederate center, and reports from Hardee, Polk, and Bragg all praised Buckner's efforts. His gallantry

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5252-435: The Union forces there were reinforced by Ulysses S. Grant and reopened a tenuous supply line . Many of Bragg's subordinates, including Buckner, advocated that Bragg be relieved of command. Thomas L. Connelly, historian of the Army of Tennessee, believes that Buckner was the author of the anti-Bragg letter sent by the generals to President Jefferson Davis . Bragg retaliated by reducing Buckner to division command and abolishing

5353-574: The banking system. He had a strong base in the South and Plains states, as well as silver mining centers in the Rocky Mountain states. He was weak in urban areas and immigrant communities which opposed prohibition. He also won the Populist nomination. Conservative Democrats opposed him, especially in the Northeast where "Gold Democrats" were most active. "Gold Democrats" were supporters of Grover Cleveland ,

5454-540: The blaze, in the process saving an aged colored servant in the home. Shortly after their wedding, he was assigned to Fort Snelling and later to Fort Atkinson on the Arkansas River in present-day Kansas . On December 31, 1851, he was promoted to first lieutenant, and on November 3, 1852, he was elevated to captain of the commissary department of the 6th U.S. Infantry in New York City . Previously, he had attained only

5555-679: The early days of the Civil War. When the state's neutrality was breached, Buckner accepted a commission in the Confederate Army after declining a similar commission to the Union Army . In 1862, he accepted Ulysses S. Grant 's demand for an "unconditional surrender" at the Battle of Fort Donelson . He was the first Confederate general to surrender an army in the war. He spent five months as a prisoner of war. After his release, Buckner participated in Braxton Bragg 's failed invasion of Kentucky and near

5656-488: The election gave Buckner a plurality of 16,797 over Bradley. Buckner proposed a number of progressive ideas, most of which were rejected by the legislature. Among his successful proposals were the creation of a state board of tax equalization, creation of a parole system for convicts, and codification of school laws. His failed proposals included creation of a department of justice, greater local support for education and better protection for forests. Much of Buckner's time

5757-412: The end of the war became chief of staff to Edmund Kirby Smith in the Trans-Mississippi Department. In the years following the war, Buckner became active in politics. He was elected governor of Kentucky in 1887, in his second campaign for that office. His term was plagued by violent feuds in the eastern part of the state, including the Hatfield–McCoy feud and the Rowan County War . His administration

5858-440: The estate in 1877. For six years, these three inhabited and repaired the house and grounds which had been neglected during the war and its aftermath. On June 14, 1883, Lily Buckner married Morris B. Belknap of Louisville, and the couple made their residence in Louisville. On October 10 of the same year, Buckner's sister died, and he was left alone. On June 10, 1885, Buckner married Delia Claiborne of Richmond, Virginia . Buckner

5959-410: The first six ballots, but withdrew his name from consideration before the seventh ballot. The delegation from Owsley County switched their support to Knott, starting a wave of defections that resulted in Jones' withdrawal and Knott's unanimous nomination. Knott went on to win the general election and appointed Buckner to the board of trustees for the Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical College (later

6060-399: The following: The terms of Buckner's parole in Shreveport , Louisiana , on June 9, 1865, prevented his return to Kentucky for three years. He remained in New Orleans, worked on the staff of the Daily Crescent newspaper, engaged in a business venture, and served on the board of directors of a fire insurance company, of which he became president in 1867. His wife and daughter joined him in

6161-554: The fort or escape from Grant's army, which was receiving steady reinforcements. General Floyd, concerned he would be tried for treason if captured by the North, sought Buckner's assurance that he would be given time to escape with some of his Virginia regiments before the army surrendered. Buckner agreed and Floyd offered to turn over command to his subordinate, Pillow. Pillow immediately declined and passed command to Buckner, who agreed to stay behind and surrender. Both Generals Floyd and Pillow left to leave General Buckner to surrender to

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6262-454: The hero of conservative Democrats. They formed the National Democratic Party and nominated John Palmer , former governor of Illinois, for president and Simon Bolivar Buckner , former governor of Kentucky, for vice-president. They also nominated a few other candidates, including William Campbell Preston Breckinridge for Congress in Kentucky, but they won no elections. Bryan and people he supported (especially Woodrow Wilson) usually dominated

6363-410: The issue of bimetalism . Buckner advocated for a gold standard, but the majority of Kentuckians advocated " Free Silver ". Seeing that he would not be able to win the seat in light of this opposition, he withdrew from the race in July 1895. In spite of his withdrawal, he still received 9 of the 134 votes cast in the General Assembly. At the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago,

6464-432: The militia considered it to be pro- secessionist and ordered it to store its arms. On July 20, 1861, Buckner resigned from the state militia, declaring that he could no longer perform his duties due to the board's actions. That August he was twice offered a commission as a brigadier general in the Union Army —the first from general in chief Winfield Scott , and the second from Secretary of War Simon Cameron following

6565-416: The most conservative member of the Senate Democratic Caucus . Manchin refused to abolish the Senate filibuster for non- budget reconciliation -related legislation, but did vote to confirm Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court and pass the Inflation Reduction Act . During the 2022 midterms , Democrats narrowly lost their House majority, though they gained a seat in the Senate. The Blue Dog Coalition

6666-408: The party announced that they failed to qualify for the ballot. Some of these candidates reportedly attempted to run as either write-in candidates or no party affiliation. Businessman Craig Porter, however, did qualify for the ballot as a Florida Whig. He received 2.2% of the vote, a total of 3,186 votes. After the election of November 4, 2008, the Modern Whig Party and the Florida Whig Party began

6767-428: The party moved leftward. The Blue Dog Coalition represents centrist and conservative Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives . The Solid South describes the reliable electoral support of the U.S. Southern states for Democratic Party candidates for almost a century after the Reconstruction era. Except for 1928 , when Catholic candidate Al Smith ran on the Democratic ticket, Democrats won heavily in

6868-453: The party. However the conservatives did nominate their candidate in 1904, Alton B. Parker . The 1932 election brought about a major realignment in political party affiliation. Franklin D. Roosevelt forged a coalition of labor unions , liberals, Catholics , African Americans , and southern whites . Roosevelt's program for alleviating the Great Depression , collectively known as the New Deal , emphasized only economic issues, and thus

6969-401: The personal order of President Abraham Lincoln —but he declined. After Confederate Maj. Gen. Leonidas Polk occupied Columbus, Kentucky , violating the state's neutrality, Buckner accepted a commission as a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army on September 14, 1861, and was followed by many of the men he formerly commanded in the state militia. When his Confederate commission

7070-461: The post in October of the same year. Following the Mountain Meadows massacre , a regiment of Illinois volunteers organized for potential service in a campaign against the Mormons . Buckner was offered command of the unit and a promotion to the rank of colonel . He accepted the position, but predicted that the unit would not see action. His prediction proved correct, as negotiations between the federal government and Mormon leaders eased tensions between

7171-411: The previous ten governors combined. Only one of these vetoes was overridden by the legislature. Ignoring Buckner's clear intent to veto special interest bills, the 1890 legislature passed 300 more special interest bills than had its predecessor. Buckner vetoed 50 of these. His reputation for rejecting special interest bills led the Kelley Axe Factory, the largest axe factory in the country at

7272-727: The right flank of the Confederate line of entrenchments that surrounded the fort and the small town of Dover, Tennessee . On February 14, the Confederate generals decided they could not hold the fort and planned a breakout, hoping to join with Johnston's army, now in Nashville . At dawn the following morning, Pillow launched a strong assault against the right flank of Grant's army, pushing it back 1 to 2 miles (2 to 3 km). Buckner, not confident of his army's chances and not on good terms with Pillow, held back his supporting attack for over two hours, which gave Grant's men time to bring up reinforcements and reform their line. Buckner's delay did not prevent

7373-549: The same ticket emphasized national unity. The ticket was endorsed by several major newspapers including the Chicago Chronicle , Louisville Courier-Journal , Detroit Free Press , Richmond Times , and New Orleans Picayune . Despite these advantages, the ticket was hurt by the candidates' ages, Palmer being 79 and Buckner 73. Further, some supporters feared that voting for the National Democrat ticket would be

7474-570: The state of Kentucky. The inauguration ceremony was disrupted by the sound of cannon fire from an approaching Union division and the inaugural ball scheduled for that evening was canceled. Based on intelligence acquired by a spy in Buell's army, Buckner advised Bragg that Buell was still ten miles from Louisville in the town of Mackville . He urged Bragg to engage Buell there before he reached Louisville, but Bragg declined. Buckner then asked Leonidas Polk to request that Bragg concentrate his forces and attack

7575-681: The superior numbers he claimed. In an unusual move, Wilder agreed to be blindfolded and brought to Buckner. When he arrived, he told Buckner that he (Wilder) was not a military man and had come to ask him what he should do. Flattered, Buckner showed Wilder the strength and position of the Confederate forces, which outnumbered Wilder's men almost 5-to-1. Seeing the hopeless situation he was in, Wilder informed Buckner that he wanted to surrender. Any other course, he later explained, would be "no less than willful murder". Bragg's men continued northward to Bardstown where they rested and sought supplies and recruits. Meanwhile, Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell 's Army of

7676-571: The term boll weevils has fallen out of favor. Split-ticket voting was common among conservative Southern Democrats in the 1970s and 1980s. These voters supported conservative Democrats for local and statewide office while simultaneously voting for Republican presidential candidates. For example, Kent Hance defeated future president George W. Bush in the 1978 midterms . They were sometimes humorously called " Yellow dog Democrats ", or " boll weevils " and " Dixiecrats ". According to journalist Ed Kilgore, Yellow Dog Democrats were Southerners who saw

7777-465: The time, to present him with a ceremonial "Veto Hatchet". When a tax cut passed over Buckner's veto in 1890 drained the state treasury, the governor loaned the state enough money to remain solvent until tax revenue came in. Later that year, he was chosen as a delegate to the state's constitutional convention. In this capacity, he unsuccessfully sought to extend the governor's appointment powers and levy taxes on churches, clubs, and schools that made

7878-528: The time. Later, he was offered and accepted the same rank solely based on his conduct at Churubusco. Buckner was again cited for gallant conduct at the Battle of Molino del Rey , and was appointed a brevet captain . He participated in the Battle of Chapultepec , the Battle of Belen Gate, and the storming of Mexico City . At the conclusion of the war, American soldiers served as an army of occupation, which left them time for leisure activities. In April 1848 Buckner

7979-470: The troops to Houston , Texas. At Fort Donelson, Tennessee, Buckner had become the first Confederate general of the war to surrender an army; at New Orleans, he became the last. The surrender became official when Smith endorsed it on June 2, (Only Brigadier General Stand Watie held out longer; he surrendered the last Confederate land forces on June 23, 1865). Conditions set forth in Buckner's surrender were

8080-616: The two. In late 1857, Buckner and his family returned to his native state and settled in Louisville . Buckner's daughter, Lily, was born there on March 7, 1858. Later that year, a Louisville militia known as the Citizens' Guard was formed, and Buckner was made its captain. He served in this capacity until 1860, when the Guard was incorporated into the Kentucky State Guard's Second Regiment. He

8181-526: The winter months of 1866 and 1867, but he sent them back to Kentucky in the summers because of the frequent outbreaks of cholera and yellow fever . Buckner returned to Kentucky when he was eligible in 1868 and became editor of the Louisville Courier . Like most former Confederate officers, he petitioned the United States Congress for the restoration of his civil rights as stipulated by

8282-630: Was censured for neglecting the duty of his office, but was not implicated in Tate's theft or disappearance. During the 1888 session, the General Assembly passed 1,571 bills, exceeding the total passed by any other session in the state's history. Only about 150 of these bills were of a general nature; the rest were special interest bills passed for the private gain of legislators and those in their constituencies. Buckner vetoed 60 of these special interest bills, more than had been vetoed by

8383-400: Was 62; Claiborne was 28. Their son, Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. , was born on July 18, 1886. Buckner had a keen interest in politics and friends had been urging him to run for governor since 1867, even while terms of his surrender confined him to Louisiana. Unwilling to violate these terms, he instructed a friend to withdraw his name from consideration if it was presented. In 1868, he was

8484-539: Was a part of the successful expedition of Popocatépetl , a volcano southeast of Mexico City . Buckner was accorded the honor of lowering the American flag over Mexico City for the last time during the occupation. Buckner joined the Aztec Club , a military society of officers who served during the Mexican War, in 1891. After the war, Buckner accepted an invitation to return to West Point to teach infantry tactics. Just over

8585-587: Was an American soldier, Confederate military officer, and politician. He fought in the United States Army in the Mexican–American War . He later fought in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . After the war, he served as the 30th governor of Kentucky . After graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point, Buckner became an instructor there. He took

8686-517: Was appointed inspector general of Kentucky in 1860. In 1861 Kentucky governor Beriah Magoffin appointed Buckner adjutant general, promoted him to major general , and charged him with revising the state's militia laws. The state was torn between Union and Confederacy , with the legislature supporting the former and the governor the latter. This led the state to declare itself officially neutral . Buckner assembled 61  companies to defend Kentucky's neutrality. The state board that controlled

8787-557: Was approved, Union officials in Louisville indicted him for treason and seized his property. (Concerned that a similar action might be taken against his wife's property in Chicago, he had previously deeded it to his brother-in-law.) He became a division commander in the Army of Central Kentucky under Brig. Gen. William J. Hardee and was stationed in Bowling Green, Kentucky . After Union Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant captured Fort Henry on

8888-504: Was being threatened by forces under Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans and could not spare any of his men. Bragg ordered Buckner to fall back to the Hiwassee River . From there, Buckner's unit traveled to Bragg's supply base at Ringgold, Georgia , then on to Lafayette and Chickamauga . Bragg was also forced from Chattanooga and joined Buckner at Chickamauga. On September 19 and 20, the Confederate forces attacked and emerged victorious at

8989-516: Was born at Glen Lily, his family's estate near Munfordville, Kentucky . He was the third child and second son of Aylett Hartswell and Elizabeth Ann (Morehead) Buckner. Named after the "Venezuelan soldier and statesman, Simón Bolívar who led the battles and independence from the Spanish Empire of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama, then at the height of his power", Buckner did not begin school until age nine, when he enrolled at

9090-407: Was charged with poor performance at Knoxville. Buckner was briefly given command of Maj. Gen. John Bell Hood 's division in February 1864, and on March 8, he was given command of the reestablished Department of East Tennessee. The department was a shell of its former self—less than one-third its original size, badly equipped, and in no position to mount an offensive. Buckner was virtually useless to

9191-695: Was compatible with the views of those who supported the New Deal programs but were otherwise conservative. This included the Southern Democrats , who were an important part of FDR's New Deal coalition. A number of chairmanships were also held by conservative Democrats during the New Deal years. Conservative Democrats came to oppose the New Deal, especially after 1936. They included Senator Harry F. Byrd and his powerful state organization in Virginia, Senator Rush Holt Sr. , Senator Josiah Bailey , and Representative Samuel B. Pettengill . The American Liberty League

9292-550: Was endorsed by Tea Party Express , an extremely rare occurrence for a Democrat. Minnick was the only Democrat to receive a 100% rating from the Club for Growth , an organization that typically supports conservative Republicans. Minnick lost to Raúl Labrador , a conservative Republican, in the general election. The Washington Post noted the waning influence of the conservative Democrat Blue Dog Coalition voting bloc, losing over half of their previously more than 50 U.S. House members in

9393-508: Was for naught, however, as Perryville ended in a tactical draw that was costly for both sides, causing Bragg to withdraw and abandon his invasion of Kentucky. Buckner joined many of his fellow generals in publicly denouncing Bragg's performance during the campaign. Following the Battle of Perryville, Buckner was reassigned to command the District of the Gulf, fortifying the defenses of Mobile, Alabama . He remained there until late April 1863, when he

9494-456: Was formed in 1934, to oppose the New Deal. It was made up of wealthy businessmen and conservative Democrats including former Congressman Jouett Shouse of Kansas, former Congressman from West Virginia and 1924 Democratic presidential candidate, John W. Davis , and former governor of New York and 1928 Democratic presidential candidate Al Smith . In 1936, former U.S. Assistant Secretary of War, Henry Skillman Breckinridge ran against Roosevelt for

9595-453: Was given the nomination without opposition at the party's national convention in Indianapolis . Former Union general John Palmer was chosen as the party's nominee for president . Palmer and Buckner both had developed reputations as independent executives while serving as governors of their respective states. Because they had served on opposite sides during the Civil War, their presence on

9696-488: Was in Buckner's home town of Munfordville . The small town was important for Union forces to hold if they wanted to maintain communication with Louisville while pressing southward to Bowling Green and Nashville. A small force under the command of Col. John T. Wilder guarded the town. Though vastly outnumbered, Wilder refused requests to surrender on September 12 and September 14. By September 17, however, Wilder recognized his difficult position and asked Bragg for proof of

9797-725: Was not acted upon. In 1888, a posse from Kentucky entered West Virginia and killed a leader of the Hatfield clan in the Hatfield-McCoy feud . This caused a political conflict between Buckner and Governor Emanuel Willis Wilson of West Virginia , who complained that the raid was illegal. The matter was adjudicated in federal court, and Buckner was cleared of any connection to the raid. Later in Buckner's term, feuds broke out in Harlan , Letcher , Perry , Knott , and Breathitt counties. A major financial scandal erupted in 1888 when Buckner ordered

9898-592: Was ordered to take command of the Army of East Tennessee. He arrived in Knoxville on May 11, 1863, and assumed command the following day. Shortly thereafter, his department was converted into a district of the Department of Tennessee under Gen. Bragg and was designated the Third Corps of the Army of Tennessee. In late August, Union Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside approached Buckner's position at Knoxville. Buckner called for reinforcements from Bragg at Chattanooga , but Bragg

9999-451: Was reduced to eight members, the lowest number in its history. In 2023, Joe Manchin , described as the most conservative Democratic U.S. Senator, announced he would not seek re-election in 2024 . Manchin left the Democratic Party and registered as an Independent on May 31, 2024. The Blue Dog Coalition was formed in 1995 during the 104th Congress to give members from the Democratic Party representing conservative-leaning districts

10100-401: Was rocked by scandal when state treasurer James "Honest Dick" Tate absconded with $ 250,000 from the state's treasury. As governor, Buckner became known for vetoing special interest legislation. In the 1888 legislative session alone, he issued more vetoes than the previous ten governors combined. In 1895, he made an unsuccessful bid for a seat in the U.S. Senate . The following year, he joined

10201-563: Was spent trying to curb violence in the eastern part of the state. Shortly after his inauguration, the Rowan County War escalated to vigilantism, when residents of the county organized a posse and killed several of the leaders of the feud. Though this essentially ended the feud, the violence had been so bad that Buckner's adjutant general recommended that the Kentucky General Assembly dissolve Rowan County, though this suggestion

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