The flash point of a material is the "lowest liquid temperature at which, under certain standardized conditions, a liquid gives off vapours in a quantity such as to be capable of forming an ignitable vapour/air mixture".
24-721: Flashpoint or flash point may refer to: [REDACTED] Look up flash point in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Flash point , the lowest temperature at which a liquid forms a flammable vapor Arts and media [ edit ] Film [ edit ] Flashpoint (1972 film) , Australian film starring Serge Lazareff Flashpoint (1984 film) , starring Kris Kristofferson Flashpoint (1998 film) , adult film starring Jenna Jameson Flash Point (film) , 2007 film starring Donnie Yen and Louis Koo Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox , 2013 superhero film The Flash ,
48-423: A substance is the lowest temperature at which it spontaneously ignites in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark . This temperature is required to supply the activation energy needed for combustion . The temperature at which a chemical ignites decreases as the pressure is increased. Autoignition temperatures of liquid chemicals are typically measured using
72-461: A 1938 publication by T.L. Ainsley of South Shields entitled "Sea Transport of Petroleum" (Capt. P. Jansen). The test methodology defines the apparatus required to carry out the measurement, key test parameters, the procedure for the operator or automated apparatus to follow, and the precision of the test method. Standard test methods are written and controlled by a number of national and international committees and organizations. The three main bodies are
96-483: A 500-millilitre (18 imp fl oz; 17 US fl oz) flask placed in a temperature-controlled oven in accordance with the procedure described in ASTM E659. When measured for plastics , autoignition temperature can also be measured under elevated pressure and at 100% oxygen concentration. The resulting value is used as a predictor of viability for high-oxygen service. The main testing standard for this
120-557: A better approximation to the temperature at which the vapour pressure reaches the lower flammable limit . In addition to the Penskey-Martens flash point testers, other non-equilibrial testers include TAG and Abel, both of which are capable of cooling the sample below ambient for low flash point materials. The TAG flash point tester adheres to ASTM D56 and has no stirrer, while the Abel flash point testers adheres to IP 170 and ISO 13736 and has
144-645: A liquid are specified in many standards. For example, testing by the Pensky-Martens closed cup method is detailed in ASTM D93, IP34, ISO 2719, DIN 51758, JIS K2265 and AFNOR M07-019. Determination of flash point by the Small Scale closed cup method is detailed in ASTM D3828 and D3278, EN ISO 3679 and 3680, and IP 523 and 524. CEN/TR 15138 Guide to Flash Point Testing and ISO TR 29662 Guidance for Flash Point Testing cover
168-417: A stirring motor so the sample is stirred during testing. The flash point is an empirical measurement rather than a fundamental physical parameter. The measured value will vary with equipment and test protocol variations, including temperature ramp rate (in automated testers), time allowed for the sample to equilibrate, sample volume and whether the sample is stirred. Methods for determining the flash point of
192-592: A superhero film with The Flash, and taking influence from the Flashpoint comic book storyline. Music [ edit ] Flashpoint (album) , 1991 album by the Rolling Stones Flashpoint (soundtrack) , 1984 album by Tangerine Dream "Flashpoint", 1995 song by Fear Factory from Demanufacture Flashpoint Music , Australian music publisher Flashpoint (band) , American jazz group Print [ edit ] Flashpoint (Unstoppable) ,
216-452: Is ASTM G72. The time t ig {\displaystyle t_{\text{ig}}} it takes for a material to reach its autoignition temperature T ig {\displaystyle T_{\text{ig}}} when exposed to a heat flux q ″ {\displaystyle q''} is given by the following equation: where k = thermal conductivity , ρ = density, and c = specific heat capacity of
240-406: Is a function of that liquid's temperature and is subject to Boyle–Mariotte law . As temperature increases, vapor pressure increases. As vapor pressure increases, the concentration of vapor of a flammable or combustible liquid in the air increases. Hence, temperature determines the concentration of vapor of the flammable liquid in the air. A certain concentration of a flammable or combustible vapor
264-409: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages flash point The flash point is sometimes confused with the autoignition temperature , the temperature that causes spontaneous ignition . The fire point is the lowest temperature at which the vapors keep burning after the ignition source is removed. It is higher than the flash point, because at
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#1732844134853288-400: Is necessary to sustain combustion in air, the lower flammable limit , and that concentration is specific to each flammable or combustible liquid. The flash point is the lowest temperature at which there will be enough flammable vapor to support combustion when an ignition source is applied. There are two basic types of flash point measurement: open cup and closed cup . In open cup devices,
312-429: Is used to distinguish between flammable fuels, such as petrol (also known as gasoline ), and combustible fuels, such as diesel . It is also used to characterize the fire hazards of fuels. Fuels which have a flash point less than 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) are called flammable, whereas fuels having a flash point above that temperature are called combustible. All liquids have a specific vapor pressure , which
336-519: The CEN / ISO Joint Working Group on Flash Point (JWG-FP), ASTM D02.8B Flammability Section and the Energy Institute's TMS SC-B-4 Flammability Panel. Autoignition temperature The autoignition temperature or self-ignition temperature , often called spontaneous ignition temperature or minimum ignition temperature (or shortly ignition temperature ) and formerly also known as kindling point , of
360-404: The flash point vapor may not be produced fast enough to sustain combustion. Neither flash point nor fire point depends directly on the ignition source temperature, but ignition source temperature is far higher than either the flash or fire point, and can increase the temperature of fuel above the usual ambient temperature to facilitate ignition. The flash point is a descriptive characteristic that
384-546: The fourth and last book in the Unstoppable series Flashpoint (Elseworlds) , a 1999 comic book series Flashpoint (comics) , a 2011 comic book series Flashpoints (radio program) a 2001 news program from Berkeley, California Television [ edit ] "Flashpoint", sixth episode of the 1964 Doctor Who serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth Flashpoint (TV series) , 2008-2012 Canadian crime series "Flashpoint" ( The Flash episode) , first episode of
408-438: The fuel must have a high autoignition temperature . Diesel fuel flash points vary between 52 and 96 °C (126 and 205 °F). Diesel is suitable for use in a compression-ignition engine . Air is compressed until it heats above the autoignition temperature of the fuel, which is then injected as a high-pressure spray, keeping the fuel-air mix within flammable limits. A diesel-fueled engine has no ignition source (such as
432-411: The key aspects of flash point testing. Gasoline (petrol) is a fuel used in a spark-ignition engine . The fuel is mixed with air within its flammable limits and heated by compression and subject to Boyle's Law above its flash point, then ignited by the spark plug . To ignite, the fuel must have a low flash point, but in order to avoid preignition caused by residual heat in a hot combustion chamber,
456-400: The material of interest, T 0 {\displaystyle T_{0}} is the initial temperature of the material (or the temperature of the bulk material). Temperatures vary widely in the literature and should only be used as estimates. Factors that may cause variation include partial pressure of oxygen, altitude, humidity, and amount of time required for ignition. Generally
480-417: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Flashpoint . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flashpoint&oldid=1228373369 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
504-508: The sample is contained in an open cup which is heated and, at intervals, a flame brought over the surface. The measured flash point will actually vary with the height of the flame above the liquid surface and, at sufficient height, the measured flash point temperature will coincide with the fire point . The best-known example is the Cleveland open cup (COC). There are two types of closed cup testers: non-equilibrial, such as Pensky-Martens, where
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#1732844134853528-521: The spark plugs in a gasoline engine), so diesel fuel can have a high flash point, but must have a low autoignition temperature. Jet fuel flash points also vary with the composition of the fuel. Both Jet A and Jet A-1 have flash points between 38 and 66 °C (100 and 151 °F), close to that of off-the-shelf kerosene. Yet both Jet B and JP-4 have flash points between −23 and −1 °C (−9 and 30 °F). Flash points of substances are measured according to standard test methods described and defined in
552-567: The third season of The Flash series "Flashpoint", a second-season episode of Justice League Unlimited Flashpoint , a television programme produced by Seven Network FlashPoint (Christian TV program) Other media [ edit ] Operation Flashpoint , series of military simulation computer games since 2001 Flash Point: Fire Rescue , a 2011 Kevin Lanzing board game Flashpoint Archive , an online preservation project primarily focused on Adobe Flash Topics referred to by
576-467: The vapours above the liquid are not in temperature equilibrium with the liquid, and equilibrial, such as Small Scale (commonly known as Setaflash), where the vapours are deemed to be in temperature equilibrium with the liquid. In both these types, the cups are sealed with a lid through which the ignition source can be introduced. Closed cup testers normally give lower values for the flash point than open cup (typically 5–10 °C or 9–18 °F lower) and are
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