The Fitzpatrick scale (also Fitzpatrick skin typing test ; or Fitzpatrick phototyping scale ) is a numerical classification schema for human skin color . It was developed in 1975 by American dermatologist Thomas B. Fitzpatrick as a way to estimate the response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light. It was initially developed on the basis of skin color to measure the correct dose of UVA for PUVA therapy , and when the initial testing based only on hair and eye color resulted in too high UVA doses for some, it was altered to be based on the patient's reports of how their skin responds to the sun; it was also extended to a wider range of skin types. The Fitzpatrick scale remains a recognized tool for dermatological research into human skin pigmentation.
15-399: Fitzpatrick may refer to: Fitzpatrick (surname) Cases & trials [ edit ] Browne–Fitzpatrick privilege case, 1955 , an Australian legal case Fitzpatrick v Kelly , an 1873 English Queen's Bench decision Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer , a 1976 United States Supreme Court decision Fitzpatrick v British Railways Board ,
30-557: A 1992 UK labour law case Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association Ltd , a 1999 UK case in the House of Lords Entertainment [ edit ] Works [ edit ] Fitzpatrick's War , a 2004 novel by Theodore Judson The Fitzpatricks , a 1977 American TV series Fictional characters [ edit ] Carol Fitzpatrick , a character on the American TV series The West Wing Liam Fitzpatrick ( Veronica Mars ) ,
45-453: A character in the American TV series Veronica Mars Loren Fitzpatrick , a character in the 2010 season to the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street Maddie Fitzpatrick , a character in the American TV sitcom The Suite Life of Zack & Cody Patrick Fitzpatrick III , a character in the novel series The Saga of Seven Suns by Kevin J. Anderson Fitzpatrick "Trick" McCorrigan,
60-869: A character in the Canadian TV series Lost Girl Richard Fitzpatrick, a character in the Canadian TV series Call Me Fitz Places [ edit ] Fitzpatrick, Alabama , an unincorporated community in Bullock County Fitzpatrick, Georgia , an unincorporated community in Twiggs County Fitzpatrick, Quebec , a village served by the Fitzpatrick station in Quebec, Canada Fitzpatrick, West Virginia , an unincorporated community in Raleigh County Fitzpatrick Center ,
75-554: A dynasty of Kings of Ossory that bore this patronymic as a dynastic name. In the 16th century, as part of the process of king Henry VIII 's surrender and regrant scheme to anglicize the Irish nobility, some members of the clan were legally obligated to render their surname as Fitz-Patrick or Fitzpatrick as part of the agreed terms with the Crown. The Fitzpatrick surname may have also been adopted later amongst other unrelated Irish families, such as
90-480: A genuine Anglo-Irish patronymic incorporating the Norman French fiz ('son of') and the male name Patrick. Giolla Phádraig (meaning "the devotee of [Saint] Patrick", also one of origins of the surname Kilpatrick ) was the personal name of Gilla Patráic mac Donnchada , a tenth-century king of Ossory . His sons were subsequently styled Mac Giolla Phádraig (meaning, son of Giolla Phádraig ), and gave rise to
105-471: A power plant near Oswego, New York, US Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology , a research center in Cape Town, South Africa Phillips Ormonde Fitzpatrick , an Australian intellectual property firm Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Fitzpatrick . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
120-734: A protected area in Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming, US Mount Fitzpatrick , the highest peak in the Salt River Range, Wyoming, US Other [ edit ] Fitzpatrick's Herbal Health , a temperance bar in Lancashire, England Fitzpatrick Lecture , an annual lecture given at the British Royal College of Physicians Fitzpatrick scale , a numerical classification schema for human skin color See also [ edit ] James A. FitzPatrick Nuclear Power Plant ,
135-760: A research facility at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, US Fitzpatrick Building , an 1890 commercial building in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US Fitzpatrick Hotel , an 1898 historic hotel in Washington, Georgia, US Fitzpatrick House (disambiguation) , several historic places in the United States Fitzpatrick Rock , part of the Windmill Islands, Antarctica Fitzpatrick Stadium , an outdoor stadium in Portland, Maine, US Fitzpatrick Wilderness ,
150-535: Is an Irish surname that most commonly arose as an anglicised version of the Irish patronymic surname Mac Giolla Phádraig ( Irish: [mˠək ˈɟɪl̪ˠə ˈfˠaːd̪ˠɾˠəɟ] ) "Son of the Devotee of (St.) Patrick " . In some cases, it may also have independently arisen by a similar anglicization of a likely-distinct Irish patronymic, Ó Maol Phádraig, "Descendent of the Follower of (St.) Patrick " , or in rare cases as
165-454: The Fitzpatrick scale in relation to the 36 categories of the older von Luschan scale : The Fitzpatrick scale is also the basis of skin color in emoji , with five modifiers according to the Fitzpatrick scale (types I and II merged). The Fitzpatrick scale has been criticized for its Eurocentric bias and insufficient representation of global skin color diversity. The scale originally
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#1732852370102180-463: The Mac Gilpatrick of Ulster – Mac Giolla Phádraig Ulaidh; the Fitzpatrick / O'Mulpatrick of Breifne – Ó Maol Phádraig Breifne; the Fitzpatrick / Mac Gilpatrick of the tribe of Cas – Mac Giolla Phádraig Dál gCais; the Fitzpatrick / Mac Gilpatrick of Leinster – Mac Giolla Phádraig Laighean; and, the Fitzpatrick of Upper Ossory. Fitzpatrick scale The following table shows the six categories of
195-539: The Maguires of Fermanagh . Like the related Kilpatrick and Mulpatrick, the surname was sometimes shortened to Patrick . The 1901 census of Ireland indicated the top five counties for the surname Fitzpatrick, by birth, were County Cavan, followed by counties Laois, Dublin, Down and Cork. Since 2019, the Fitzpatrick Clan Society has facilitated the registration of five Fitzpatrick clans with Clans of Ireland :
210-485: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fitzpatrick&oldid=1163482195 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Fitzpatrick (surname) Fitzpatrick ( / f ɪ t s ˈ p æ t r ɪ k / )
225-435: Was developed for classifying " white skin " in response to solar radiation , and initially included only four categories focused on white skin, with "brown" and "black" skin types (V and VI) added as an afterthought. The scale's methodology, relying on self-reporting of skin color, sunburn , and sun tanning response, fails to capture the broad spectrum of skin reflectance. Studies demonstrate that European populations have
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