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22-690: Finchley Road is a designated 4.5-mile (7-kilometre) arterial road in north-west London , England. The Finchley Road starts in St John's Wood near central London as part of the A41 ; its southern half is a major dual carriageway with high traffic levels often frequented by lorries and long-distance coaches as it connects central London, via the A41 Hendon Way , to the M1 motorway at Brent Cross and other roads at that interchange. Its northern half, which dissects away from

44-492: A tollgate at Childs Hill. After the road was built, many grand houses were built along its length, especially near Fortune Green , Childs Hill and Golders Green . Finchley Road remains a heavily used route in and out of London. The most commercial part of the road is between Swiss Cottage Underground station and the O2 Centre . In 1856 as many as ten stagecoaches a day ran along Finchley Road, serving Swiss Cottage, where

66-770: A travel agent , and offices of the St. Pancras Building Society . Later, anti-terrorist officers discovered and subsequently safely detonated a fourth bomb in a controlled environment, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the initial bombings, in Golders Green . Two days later, on 4 October, the IRA detonated four more bombs in north London, two in Tottenham Lane and two more in Archway Road resulting in four injuries. The bombings were branded as "cowardly" by Home Secretary Michael Howard . They were

88-511: A result of the blasts, dozens of shops were damaged. Following the bombing, the IRA phoned a Dublin radio station and claimed responsibility for the attacks. Home Secretary Michael Howard branded the attacks as "cowardly and contemptible". Chief Superintendent of the Metropolitan Police Tony Buchanan called the attack "murderous", citing that there had been "no opportunity whatever to effect an evacuation". He also condemned

110-454: The 1993 Bishopsgate bombing just over five months earlier. At 00:20 UTC on 2 October 1993, a telephone warning was sent to a Domino's Pizza on Finchley Road, a major dual carriageway in north London. Six minutes later, at 00:26, one bomb was detonated outside the Domino's Pizza restaurant. At 00:30, another bomb was detonated outside a travel agency and the final bomb was detonated outside

132-585: The A598 . It continues past Golders Green Underground station (where it meets the old route), through Temple Fortune to the North Circular Road , crossing it at Henlys Corner , where it becomes Regents Park Road (perhaps after the southern end of the route). This continues as Ballards Lane through Finchley Central to North Finchley. There it joins the former Great North Road (now the A1000). Tolls were collected at

154-650: The British prime minister , John Major and Sinn Féin, and all British police forces were told to remain prepared for further attacks. In the week after the attack, the Conservative Party was due to host their annual conference. Just over seven months earlier, on 27 February 1993, the IRA detonated a similar bomb in Camden Town , injuring 18 people. Prior to the bombings, there had not been any IRA attacks in London since

176-590: The Northern Ireland peace process was at a delicate stage, with attempts to broker an IRA ceasefire ongoing. In 1994, talks were continuing between the two largest Irish nationalists in Northern Ireland; John Hume of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), and Gerry Adams of Sinn Féin (SF). There was a high risk of IRA attacks in London in light of the refusal of political talks between

198-496: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated three time bombs on Finchley Road in north London , England. Telephoned warnings were sent six minutes beforehand, at approximately 00:26 UTC , but five people were injured from falling glass as a result of the blasts, and damage was caused to some shops and flats in the surrounding area. The three bombs were planted outside a Domino's Pizza restaurant,

220-496: The A41 and is designated as the A598, runs through suburban areas via the centre of Golders Green to Henlys Corner , where the road north of it leads to Finchley , from which Finchley Road gets its name. Its southern half, in which it gives its name to the centre-west part of Hampstead , has two current railway stations including the name Finchley Road . London Buses route 13 runs through

242-561: The Atlas Line, a business of these, had started about six years before. Omnibuses reached the area north of Swiss Cottage by way of Finchley Road as far as Finchley Road station before 1880. Later omnibuses were extended along Finchley Road to meet others from Edgware Road along West End Lane , continuing north to Childs Hill and Hendon. Motorbuses had replaced horse omnibuses by 1911. Plans for an extensive network of tramways, along Adelaide and Finchley Roads, were dropped after opposition from

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264-485: The backbone of a traffic network and should be designed to afford the highest level of service , as is practical, as per the aforementioned "Traffic Engineering Handbook". The construction and development of arterial roads is achieved through two methods. By far the most common is the upgrading of an existing right-of-way during subdivision development. When existing structures prohibit the widening of an existing road however, bypasses are often constructed. Because of

286-486: The busier junctions. Speed limits are typically between 30 and 50 mph (50 and 80 km/h), depending on the density of use of the surrounding development. In school zones, speeds may be further reduced; likewise, in sparsely developed or rural areas, speeds may be increased. In western Canada, where freeways are scarce compared to the rest of North America, flashing early-warning amber lights are sometimes placed ahead of traffic lights on heavy signalized arterial roads so

308-522: The council, ground landlords, and residents. On 2 October 1993 five people were injured and damage caused when three bombs planted by the Provisional IRA exploded. Hampstead is served by Finchley Road Underground station and Finchley Road & Frognal railway station , 435 metres apart on the North London Line ( London Overground ). The road has as such become the colloquial name for

330-581: The entire road, while the route 113 runs only in its southern half. Originally named Finchley New Road, it was built as a turnpike to provide an alternative to the hillier route north from London, which ran further east through the village of Hampstead . The original route, now the A502, ran from Camden Town along what is now Chalk Farm Road, Haverstock Hill, Rosslyn Hill , Heath Street and North End Road to Golders Green where it joins Finchley Road. It had two steep hills either side of Hampstead Village, and

352-503: The first IRA bombings in the capital for over five months. Following the bombings, the IRA phoned a Dublin radio station claiming responsibility for the attack. The IRA had carried out many bomb attacks on military and civilian targets in England since the beginning of its campaign in the 1970s. These attacks were carried out with a goal of putting pressure on the British government to withdraw from Northern Ireland . In early 1993,

374-472: The offices of the St. Pancras Building Society. The three blasts injured four men and one woman in their twenties, with all injuries caused by from falling glass. Police sealed off Finchley Road from Swiss Cottage to West End Lane . A fourth bomb was then found and subsequently defused by anti-terrorism officers a mile north of Finchley Road in Golders Green . All of the bombs had been placed in doorways. As

396-1116: The part of Hampstead between West Hampstead and Hampstead-on-the-Hill which is centred on Hampstead Underground station . St John's Wood was served by Finchley Road railway station on the Midland Main Line (1868–1927). In 1906 a stone plaque was affixed at 139, Finchley Road by Charles Wells, to commemorate the site of residence of 19th century German operatic signer Thérèse Tietjens . 51°33′55″N 0°11′47″W  /  51.56528°N 0.19639°W  / 51.56528; -0.19639 Arterial road In traffic engineering hierarchy, an arterial road delivers traffic between collector roads and freeways . For new arterial roads, intersections are often reduced to increase traffic flow . In California, arterial roads are usually spaced every half mile, and have intersecting collector(s) and streets. The Traffic Engineering Handbook describes "Arterials" as being either principal or minor. Both classes serve to carry longer-distance flows between important centers of activity. Arterials are laid out as

418-453: The placement and general continuity of arterial road corridors , sewers, water mains, conduits and other infrastructure are placed beneath or beside the roadbed. In North America, signalized at-grade intersections are used to connect arterials to collector roads and other local roads (except where the intersecting road is a minor side street, in which case a stop sign is used instead). In Europe, large roundabouts are more commonly seen at

440-1080: The speed limits can be raised to speeds of over 80 km/h. These warning lights are commonly found on high-speed arterial roads in British Columbia. The width of arterial roads can range from four lanes to ten or even more; either as a dual carriageway or sharing a common center lane, such as a contraflow lane or as a central turning lane. As with other roadway environmental consequences derive from arterial roadways, including air pollution generation, noise pollution and surface runoff of water pollutants. Air pollution generation from arterials can be rather concentrated, since traffic volumes can be relatively high, and traffic operating speeds are often low to moderate. Sound levels can also be considerable due to moderately high traffic volumes characteristic of arterials, and also due to considerable braking and acceleration that often occur on arterials that are heavily signalized. 1993 Finchley Road bombings The Finchley Road bombings occurred on 2 October 1993, when

462-472: The telephone warnings as "totally inadequate" claiming that there was "every possibility a large number of people could've been seriously injured". The five people injured were sent to the Royal Free Hospital , and discharged the next day. The IRA said the bombings had been carried out by a number of active service units . On 2 October, police confirmed the locations of the bombings, and also noted that

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484-664: Was difficult for horses with carriages to negotiate when muddy. The Finchley Road Act was passed in 1826 and the new turnpike road was completed in 1835. The new route (now the A41 ) started from what was then called the 'New Road' (the first London bypass) and is now Marylebone Road , and ran north, first along what are now Park Road and Wellington Road, and becomes Finchley Road at St John's Wood tube station . It goes north through Swiss Cottage , then turns slightly north west, forming an unofficial boundary between Hampstead and West Hampstead , and then turns north again at Child's Hill . The A41 diverges westward and Finchley Road becomes

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