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93-759: In railway, Fiat Concord produced diesel multiple units (with the 7131 as its most notable development in the 1960s) and other rolling stock . The first Fiat dealership in Argentina was established in 1919 in Buenos Aires to import Fiat automobiles. Four years later, "Fiat Argentina S.A." was officially established to sell and assist automobiles and trucks imported from Italy. Initially, Fiat activities in Argentina focused on agriculture, importing tractors through its local subsidiary "Agromecánica S.A.C.I.F." created in 1949. Tractors were imported until 1954, when "Fiat Someca Construcciones Córdoba" (then renamed "Fiat Concord")

186-787: A Stadler FLIRT fleet, with 20 trains DEMU version. Germany has employed DMUs for both commuter and express services for many decades. The SVT 877 Fliegender Hamburger DMU, introduced in 1933, made the run from Berlin to Hamburg in an astonishing 138 minutes, and its derivative SVT 137 broke the land speed record in 1936. After World War 2, the VT 11.5 DMU was the flagship of the glamorous Trans Europ Express . Since 1968, DB has designated DMUs with class numbers beginning in 6. While DB and regional transport authorities generally prefer electric power for commuter rail, many local and rural lines remain un-electrified, and DMUs are invaluable in providing services to those areas. DMUs in service as of 2021 include

279-489: A dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) 7.6-liter four-cylinder (110x200 mm) with four valves per cylinder. It proved faster than other cars of its time, and Boillot won the 1912 French Grand Prix at an average of 68.45 mph (110.2 km/h), despite losing third gear and taking a 20-minute pit stop. In May 1913, Goux took one to Indianapolis , and won at an average of 75.92 mph (122.2 km/h), recording straightaway speeds of 93.5 mph (150.5 km/h). making Peugeot

372-720: A joint venture that operated as a Latin America subsidiary of European Sevel S.p.A. that had been established in 1978. Entrepreneur Franco Macri would take over Sevel becoming the owner of the company. List of vehicles (automobiles and trucks) produced by Fiat in Argentina, 1960–80: In 1962, the first 7131, manufactured by FIAT Concord, made its debut on the Villa Ballester – Zárate and Victoria – Capilla del Señor sections of Mitre Railway. Those light cars replaced Ganz railcars that had been running on those lines since 1938. The 7131 also served in some lines of Santa Fe province. On

465-595: A pickup version (named "Multicarga") was added, being produced until 1980. In 1977, Fiat Concord launched the 133, a rebadged SEAT 133 (thanks to an agreement between both companies) and marketed in Argentina under license. The car was poorly received, with only 15,821 units produced between 1977 and 1982 being replaced by the 147 , a very similar model. In 1980, Fiat Concord and "Sociedad de Automóviles Franco Argentinos" (SAFRAR), local representative of French brand Peugeot , merged to form Sevel Argentina (officially, "Sociedad Europea de Vehículos para Latinoamérica"),

558-423: A 1,149 cc (70 cu in) two-cylinder and six four-cylinders, of between two and six liters. In addition, a new factory opened the same year at Sochaux, which became the main plant in 1928. A more famous name, Ettore Bugatti , designed the new 850 cc (52 cu in) four-cylinder Bébé of 1912. The same year, Peugeot returned to racing with a team of three driver-engineers (a breed typical of

651-535: A 3 hp Peugeot. Five Peugeots qualified for the main event, and all finished. Lemaître finished 3 min 30 sec behind the Comte de Dion whose steam-powered car was ineligible for the official competition. Three Peugeots were entered in the Paris–Bordeaux–Paris , where they were beaten by Panhard's car (despite an average speed of 20.8 km/h (12.9 mph) and taking the 31,500 franc prize). This also marked

744-599: A Fiat proposal to invest USD 4,5 million to build a factory in Caseros, Buenos Aires . The first locally produced Fiat vehicle, Fiat 600 , was launched on 8 April 1960. Soon after, the 1100 was added to the production line. Both models totalised 4,000 units produced at the end of that year. The 1100 was assembled until 1963, being replaced by the 1500 , with a station wagon ( familiare ) version released one year later. That same year, Fiat Argentina began exporting autoparts to Chile. Fiat Argentina's range of products expanded with

837-621: A WDM-2 or WDM-3A locomotive in the middle. These old trains had the loco controls duplicated in the Driving Trailer coach and all the actuation information reaching the locomotive through thin communication lines. This was called 'push-pull train'. The longest running such push-pull service operated between Diva – Bhiwandi Road and Vasai Road and was recently converted into an MEMU train service in 2018. India's first and largest DMU shed at Jalandhar , Punjab, holds more than 90 units placed in service all over Punjab. First generation DMU: Rated power

930-613: A company on the same terms as a private investor as state aid. The equity participation by Dongfeng expanded an already budding relationship with Peugeot. The pair at the time were jointly operating three car-manufacturing plants in China, with a capacity of producing 750,000 vehicles a year. In July 2014, the joint venture, Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën , disclosed they were building a fourth factory in China in Chengdu , in Sichuan Province, targeting

1023-596: A controlling interest in Automobiles Hotchkiss in 1942. A popular model introduced in 1955 was the Peugeot 403 . With a 1.5-liter engine, it sold one million copies by the end of its production run in 1962. The company began selling cars in the United States in 1958, and in 1960 introduced the Peugeot 404 , which used a 1,618 cc (99 cu in) engine, tilted 45 degrees. The 404 proved rugged enough to win

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1116-487: A four-wheeled car with a petrol-fuelled internal combustion engine built by Panhard under Daimler licence. The car was more sophisticated than many of its contemporaries, with a three-point suspension and a sliding-gear transmission. An example was sold to the young Alberto Santos-Dumont , who exported it to Brazil. More cars followed, 29 being built in 1892, 40 in 1894, 72 in 1895, 156 in 1898, and 300 in 1899. These early models were given "type" numbers. Peugeot became

1209-574: A large area of the south and west of Buenos Aires Province . Diesel multiple unit A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines . A DMU requires no separate locomotive , as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as DMUs. Diesel-powered units may be further classified by their transmission type: diesel–mechanical DMMU , diesel–hydraulic DHMU , or diesel–electric DEMU . The diesel engine may be located above

1302-630: A large manufacturing facility and the Peugeot Museum . Peugeot vehicles have received numerous international accolades, including six European Car of the Year awards. The brand also boasts over a century of success in motorsport, with victories including the Indianapolis 500 in 1913, 1916, and 1919. Peugeot Sport has won the World Rally Championship five times (1985, 1986, 2000, 2001, 2002),

1395-599: A locomotive hauled service. Today, DMUs are widely used throughout Australia's southern states: In Queensland, heritage DMUs are used on the Savannahlander and Gulflander tourist trains. Chinese manufactured (CNR Tangshan) DEMU was introduced in Bangladesh from 25 May 2013. DEMU is the country's first-ever commuter train service starting its journey on the Chittagong–Fouzdarhat line. These DEMUs also operate on

1488-512: A loss of about 70 million euros. In October 2013, Peugeot closed their production plant at Aulnay-sous-Bois as part of a restructuring plan to reduce overcapacity in the face of a shrinking domestic market. By December 2013, Chinese investors were rumoured to be potential investors. In February 2014, the Peugeot family agreed to give up control of the company by reducing its holdings from 25% to 14%. As part of this agreement, Dongfeng Motors and

1581-553: A new factory at Audincourt to focus entirely on cars. In 1899, sales hit 300; total car sales for all of France that year were 1,200. The same year, Lemaître won the Nice-Castellane-Nice Rally in a special 5,850 cc (357 cu in) 20 hp (14.9 kW) racer. At the 1901 Paris Salon , Peugeot debuted a tiny shaft-driven 652 cc (40 cu in) 5 hp (3.7 kW) one-cylinder, dubbed " Bébé " ("baby"), and shed its conservative image, becoming

1674-526: A new factory at Sanand , Gujarat . Peugeot re-entered the Philippines in 2012 after having a short presence in 2005 with distribution done by the Alvarez Group. In March 2012, General Motors purchased a 7% share in Peugeot for 320 million euros as part of a cooperation aimed at finding savings through joint purchasing and product development . In December 2013, GM sold its entire Peugeot stake, taking

1767-550: A range of other bicycles. The company's logo, initially a lion walking on an arrow, symbolized the speed, strength, and flexibility of the Peugeot saw blades. The car and motorcycle company and the bicycle company parted ways in 1926, but the family-owned Cycles Peugeot continued to build bicycles throughout the 20th century until the brand name was sold off to unrelated firms. The family-owned firm Peugeot Saveurs continues to make and market grinders and other kitchen and table-service equipment. Armand Peugeot became interested in

1860-544: A style leader. After placing 19th in the 1902 Paris-Vienna Rally with a 50 hp (37.3 kW) 11,322 cc (691 cu in) racer, and failing to finish with two similar cars, Peugeot quit racing. In 1898, Peugeot Motocycles presents at the Paris Motorshow the first motorcycle equipped with a Dion-Bouton motor. Peugeot Motocycles remains the oldest motorcycle manufacturer in the world. Peugeot added motorcycles to its range in 1901, and they have been built under

1953-545: A year by the late 1980s. It won plaudits for its styling, ride and handling. It remained on sale in many markets until 1998, overlapping with the introduction of the 106 in 1991, and ceasing production at the launch of the 206 , the best-selling Peugeot model of all time, with 8,358,217 cars sold by 2012. As part of the Guangzhou Peugeot Automobile Company (GPAC) joint venture, the Peugeot 504 and 505 were built in China from 1985 to 1997. By 1987,

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2046-484: Is provided by DMU tilting trains " RegioSwinger " (Croatian series 7123) since 2004. Those trains may also cover other lines in the country depending on need and availability. Luxury DMU series 7021 , built in France , started to operate for Yugoslav Railways in 1972 and after 1991 still remained in service of Croatian Railways until 2005. Units 7121 and 7122 (which came as a replacement for 7221 units), together with

2139-429: The 128 , which added a station wagon model in 1973. The 128 would be produced until 1990. Besides, " Industria Argentina Vehículos de Avanzada " (IAVA S.A.) was established as a Fiat Concord subsidiary to produce performance vehicles. At the time the 128 model ceased to be produced, The 1600 model was replaced by the 125 in 1972. This model was produced in three versions, sedan , station wagon , and coupé. In 1973,

2232-631: The 402 BL Éclipse Décapotable , the first convertible with a retractable hardtop  — an idea followed later by the Ford Skyliner in the 1950s and revived in the modern era by the Mitsubishi 3000GT Spyder in 1995. More recently, many manufacturers have offered retractable hardtops, including Peugeot itself with the 206-cc. Three models of the 1930s were the Peugeot 202 , Peugeot 302 , and Peugeot 402 . These cars had curvaceous designs, with headlights behind sloping grille bars, evidently inspired by

2325-547: The Aéronautique Militaire . Additionally, Peugeot were one of the major license producers of the Hispano-Suiza 8 aero engines which powered many French and British fighter aircraft during the second half of the conflict. After the war, car production resumed in earnest. Racing continued as well, with Boillot entering the 1919 Targa Florio in a 2.5-liter (150-in ) car designed for an event pre-empted by World War I;

2418-703: The Bombardier Voyager , each car is entirely self-contained and has its own engine, generator and electric motors. In other designs, such as the British Rail Class 207 or the Stadler GTW and Stadler FLIRT DMU , some cars within the consist may be entirely unpowered or only feature electric motors, obtaining electric current from other cars in the consist which have a generator and engine. With diesel–electric transmission, some DMU can be no other than an EMU without pantograph or contact shoes (for use on

2511-579: The Chittagong Circular Railway and on the Bangladesh Railway 's service between Dhaka and Narayanganj . Mexican manufacturer Ferrovias Del Bajio supplied in 2019, three DSUs (Diesel Single Unit) to Royal Railway in Cambodia for their airport shuttle service from Phnom Penh international airport to the city central station. The other two units were assigned to long-distance services from

2604-805: The Chrysler Airflow . The 2.1-liter 402 entered production in 1935 and was produced until the end of 1941, despite France's occupation by the Nazis. For 1936, the new Airflow-inspired 302 (which ran until 1938) and a 402-based large model, designed by Andrean, featured a vertical fin and bumper, with the first high-mounted taillight. The entry-level 202 was built in series from 1938 to 1942, and about 20 more examples were built from existing stocks of supplies in February 1945. The 202 lifted Peugeot's sales in 1939 to 52,796, just behind Citroën . Regular production began again in mid-1946, and lasted into 1949. Peugeot assisted

2697-828: The Dakar Rally seven times (1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2016, 2017, 2018), the 24 Hours of Le Mans three times (1992, 1993, 2009), the World Endurance Championship twice (1992, 1993), the Intercontinental Rally Challenge Championship three times, the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup twice (2010, 2011), and the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb three times (1988, 1989, 2013). The Peugeot family of Valentigney , Montbéliard , Franche-Comté , France began in

2790-530: The East African Safari Rally four times, in 1963, 1966, 1967, and 1968. More models followed, many styled by Pininfarina , such as the 504 , one of Peugeot's most distinctive models. Like many European manufacturers, collaboration with other firms increased; Peugeot worked with Renault from 1966 and Volvo from 1972. The results of this cooperation included the development of the V6 PRV engine , which

2883-522: The First World War , Peugeot turned largely to arms production, becoming a major manufacturer of arms and military vehicles, from armoured cars and bicycles to shells. Between 1917 and 1920 the company produced 4,084 Type 1525 trucks . Peugeot also manufactured aircraft engines . The firm designed and built the Peugeot 8Aa engines which equipped the 1,123 Voisin VIII bombers and cannon fighters used by

Fiat Concord - Misplaced Pages Continue

2976-537: The Peugeot 505 design aged. For a time, distribution in the Canadian market was handled by Chrysler . Several ideas to turn around sales in the United States, such as including the Peugeot 205 in its lineup, were considered but not pursued. In the early 1990s, the newly introduced 405 proved uncompetitive with domestic and import models in the same market segment, and sold less than 1,000 units. Total sales fell to 4,261 units in 1990 and 2,240 through July 1991, which caused

3069-507: The national railways ) had been built since the 1920s, the first two streamlined DMUs came in service in 1937, class Kiha 43000 (キハ43000系). The service of several hundreds (in sum even thousands) of diesel railcars and DMUs started in 1950s following the improvement of fuel supply that was critical during World War II . In 2021, Kenya acquired DMUs from France to operate in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. These trains connect

3162-494: The "Multicarga" pickup , 1500 Coupé, and 770 Coupé (being renamed "800" in 1966). In 1966 Fiat Concord launched the 1500 Coupé Vignale, based on the 1500 and designed exclusively for the Argentine market by Italian coachbuilder Alfredo Vignale . Fiat became leader of the Argentine automotive market with a 23% share in 1967, with more than 40,000 vehicles produced. Two years later production increased to 50,000 units. That same year

3255-424: The 1600 model was launched as a successor of 1500. It was not an original Fiat model but an Italian Fiat 125 body powered by a Fiat 1500 engine. Besides, Fiat Concord launched its first heavy trucks , the 619 . In 1969, production of the 1500 was discontinued. As production increased, in 1971 the factory produced more than 60,000 vehicles per year. Fiat launched one of their most successful and emblematic models,

3348-403: The 1913 French Grand Prix , an improved L5 (with 5,655 cc (345 cu in) engine) was produced with a pioneering ballbearing crankshaft , gear-driven camshafts, and dry sump lubrication, all of which soon became standard on racing cars; Zuccarelli was killed during testing on public roads, but Boillot easily won the event, making him (and Peugeot) the race's first double winner. For

3441-527: The 1914 French GP, Peugeot was overmatched by Mercedes , and despite a new innovation, four-wheel brakes (against the Mercedes' rear-only), Georges proved unable to match them and the car broke down. (Surprisingly, a 1914 model turned a 103 mph (165.8 km/h) lap in practice at Indy in 1949, yet it failed to qualify.) Peugeot was more fortunate in 1915, winning at the French GP and Vanderbilt Cup . During

3534-467: The 2 million mark. In mid-2009, "adverse market and industry conditions" were blamed for falls in sales and operating losses. Christian Streiff was replaced by Philippe Varin (CEO) and Jean-Pierre Ploué (head of design) was transferred from his post at Citroën. In 2009, Peugeot returned to the Canadian market with the scooter brand only. Peugeot still plans on developing new models to compete in segments where it currently does not compete. Collin said that

3627-836: The Adtranz Class 612 tilting train ("Regio Swinger"), the Alstom Coradia LINT (Classes 620–623, 640 and 648), the Siemens Desiro (Class 642) and the Bombardier Talent (Class 643/644). From 2001 to 2016 there was even a DMU version of DB's high-speed Intercity Express , the Class 605 ICE TD . In the Republic of Ireland the Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), which controlled the republic's railways between 1945 and 1986, introduced DMUs in

3720-457: The Depression hit; Peugeot sales decreased, but the company survived. The Peugeot system of using three-digit names with a central 0 was introduced in 1929. The first digit has always signified the car's size and the final digit has indicated the generation of the vehicle. In 1933, attempting a revival of fortune, the company unveiled a new, aerodynamically styled range. In 1934, Peugeot introduced

3813-468: The FRA. This has greatly restricted the development of DMUs within the U.S. as no other country requires the much heavier FRA compliant vehicles, and no export market for them exists. Operations using FRA-compliant vehicles: Operations using non FRA-compliant vehicles: Proposed operations: DMUs were first introduced to Australia in the late mid-20th century for use on quiet branch lines that could not justify

Fiat Concord - Misplaced Pages Continue

3906-617: The French automaker competed in 72% of market segments in 2007, but he wanted to get that figure up to 90%. Despite Peugeot's sportscar racing program, the company is not prepared to build a pure sportscar any more hardcore than the RC Z sports-coupe. It is also pursuing government funding to develop a diesel-hybrid drivetrain , which might be key to its expansion. By 2010, Peugeot planned on pursuing new markets, mainly in China, Russia, and South America. In 2011 it decided to re-enter India after 14 years with

3999-477: The French government were each to buy 14% stakes in the company, creating three partners with equal voting rights. The board of directors was to be composed of six independent members, two representatives of each Dongfeng, the French state and the Peugeot family, and two members representing employees and employees shareholders. The French government took the view the deal did not require approval by Brussels as EU competition rules do not count public investment in

4092-473: The German war effort by manufacturing armored vehicles. In 1946, the company restarted car production with the 202, delivering 14,000 copies. In 1947, Peugeot introduced the Peugeot 203 , with coil springs, rack-and-pinion steering, and hydraulic brakes. The 203 set new Peugeot sales records, remaining in production until 1960. Peugeot took over Chenard-Walcker in 1950, having already been required to acquire

4185-722: The PNR in the island of Luzon . Even without active inter-city rail services in the present-day, DMUs are still used on the PNR Metro Commuter Line in Metro Manila and the Bicol Commuter service in the Bicol Region . Three generations of DMUs are in use: second-hand DMUs handed over by JR East such as the KiHa 35 , 52 and 59 series originally built in the 1960s and acquired in

4278-607: The Peugeot and Citroën brands while sharing engineering and technical resources. Peugeot thus briefly controlled the Italian Maserati marque, but disposed of it in May 1975. The group then took over the European division of Chrysler (which were formerly Rootes and Simca ) in 1978 as the American auto manufacturer struggled to survive. Soon, the whole Chrysler/Simca range was sold under

4371-484: The Peugeot name ever since. By 1903, Peugeot produced half of the cars built in France, and they offered the 5 hp (4 kW) Bébé , a 6.5 hp (4.8 kW) four-seater, and an 8 hp (6.0 kW) and 12 hp (8.9 kW) resembling contemporary Mercedes models. The 1907 salon showed Peugeot's first six-cylinder and marked Tony Huber joining as an engine builder. By 1910, Peugeot's product line included

4464-540: The Roca and Sarmiento lines the 7131 replaced old Drewry, Birmingham and Armstrong Whitworth coaches in the Temperley –La Plata– Cañuelas ; Haedo – José Mármol , Merlo – Lobos , Pereyra– Ensenada , La Plata –Pipinas–Atalaya– Magdalena ; Moreno – Luján – Mercedes , Lobos – Navarro , among other suburban branches. The 7131 also served on Bahía Blanca –Darregueira– Carmen de Patagones ; Constitución – Tandil Necochea , covering

4557-686: The Slovenská strela motor express train led on the Bratislava-Prague route by a motor car of the same name, or the Tatran express from Bratislava to Košice. Representatives of high-speed motor wagons were, for example, motor wagons of the M262 or M286 series, which, however, lost their application in high-speed wagons due to the gradual electrification of main lines and were, like the current wagons currently used for passenger trains. The first significant use of DMUs in

4650-594: The U.S. was the Budd Rail Diesel Car (RDC). The RDC was a single passenger car with two diesel engines and two sets of controls. In the United States, DMU systems must be FRA-compliant to be permitted on freight rail corridors. The Federal Railway Administration has mandated higher coupling strength requirements than European regulators, effectively prohibiting the use of lighter weight European-style inter-city rail DMUs on U.S. main line railways without timesharing with freight operations or special waivers from

4743-523: The US, but new services are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. As a result, several types of lightweight DMUs have been used: Costa Rica has purchased several Apolo 2400 series DMU railcars from the former narrow gauge operator in Spain, which are run in commuter service. 42 X'Trapolis Tsíimin K'áak train sets have been ordered for Tren Maya , 10 of which are DMU and 32 are EDMU. A type of diesel multiple units in

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4836-631: The United Kingdom was by the Great Western Railway , which introduced its small but successful series of diesel–mechanical GWR railcars in 1934. The London & North Eastern Railway and London, Midland & Scottish Railway also experimented with DMUs in the 1930s, the LMS both on its own system , and on that of its Northern Irish subsidiary , but development was curtailed by World War II . After nationalisation, British Railways (BR) revived

4929-415: The automobile early on and, after meeting with Gottlieb Daimler and others were convinced of its viability. The first Peugeot automobile, a three-wheeled, steam-powered car designed by Léon Serpollet , was produced in 1889; only four examples were made. Steam power was heavy and bulky and required lengthy warmup times. In 1890, after meeting Daimler and Émile Levassor , steam was abandoned in favour of

5022-612: The back of the Type 15 . It also served as the basis of a nearly exact copy produced by Rochet-Schneider . Further improvements followed: the engine moved to the front on the Type 48 and was soon under a bonnet at the front of the car, instead of hidden underneath; the steering wheel was adopted on the Type 36 , and they began to look more like the modern car. Also in 1896, Armand Peugeot broke away from Les Fils de Peugeot Frères to form his own company, Société Anonyme des Automobiles Peugeot, building

5115-504: The car had 200,000 km (120,000 mi) on it, yet Boillot won with an impressive drive (the best of his career) Peugeots in his hands were third in the 1925 Targa, first in the 1922 and 1925 Coppa Florios , first in the 1923 and 1925 Touring Car Grands Prix, and first at the 1926 Spa 24 Hours . Peugeot introduced a five-valve-per-cylinder, triple-overhead-cam engine for the Grand Prix, conceived by Marcel Gremillon (who had criticised

5208-567: The central station to Sihanoukville and to Poipet. Royal Railways Cambodia have now acquired eleven carriages DMU from Japan. Model: " Kiha 183 heavy snow ". (キハ183系オホーツク・大雪) Speed: 110 km/h (max) Type: 特急　(Limited Express) Started: 1986 ............ End of Service in Japan 17 March 2023 DMUs (DEMUs) are widely used in India. DEMUs in India are used in both the eight-coach format and the four-coach format. These trains replaced many (up to 10 car) trains with

5301-643: The city with settlements outside Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and the Nairobi Terminus. The Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) has a total of 13 DMU KTM Class 61 ordered from CRRC for the West Coast Line and are assembled locally at CRRCs Batu Gajah factory from 2016 to 2020. The first scheduled service is expected from 1 September along the Gemas-Johor Bahru route, replacing old non-automotive stock. The Philippine National Railways (PNR)

5394-555: The closure of the Ryton manufacturing facility in Coventry , England. This announcement resulted in the loss of 2,300 jobs, as well as about 5,000 jobs in the supply chain. The plant produced its last Peugeot 206 on 12 December 2006, and finally closed down in January 2007. Peugeot set an ambitious target of selling 4 million units annually by the end of the decade. In 2008, its sales stayed below

5487-402: The company entered to railway market in 1956 after state-owned railway company Ferrocarriles Argentinos granted it concession to provide 300 diesel locomotives and rolling stock . That agreement paved the way for the establishment of Materfer to produce railway vehicles. The plant, also built in Ferreyra, was inaugurated in 1958. On 30 September 1959, the Government of Argentina approved

5580-427: The company had dropped the Talbot brand for passenger cars when it ceased production of the Simca-based Horizon , Alpine , and Solara models, as well as the Talbot Samba supermini which was based on the Peugeot 104 . What was to be called the Talbot Arizona became the Peugeot 309 , with the former Rootes plant in Ryton and Simca plant in Poissy being turned over for Peugeot assembly. Producing Peugeots in Ryton

5673-412: The company to cease its U.S. and Canada operations after 33 years. In 1997, just six years after pulling out of both United States and Canadian markets, Peugeot returned to Mexico after a 36-year absence, under the Chile–Mexico Free Trade Agreement . However, Peugeot models (1997–present) are not to be bought or imported into the United States from Mexico. On 18 April 2006, PSA Peugeot Citroën announced

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5766-418: The concept in the early 1950s. At that time there was an urgent need to move away from expensive steam traction which led to many experimental designs using diesel propulsion and multiple units . The early DMUs proved successful, and under BR's 1955 Modernisation Plan the building of a large fleet was authorised. These BR "First Generation" DMUs were built between 1956 and 1963. BR required that contracts for

5859-484: The consistently profitable cycle division seeking to free itself from the rather more cyclical auto business, and taking over the defunct Bellanger and De Dion companies in 1927. In 1928, the Type 183 was introduced. New for 1929 was the Peugeot 201 , the cheapest car on the French market, and the first to use the later Peugeot trademark (and registered as such)—three digits with a central zero. The 201 would get independent front suspension in 1931, Soon afterwards,

5952-480: The country depending on need and availability too. Also, the DMUs were manufactured for foreign carriers. The tables of cars and units are divided into vehicles operated until 1987, when the ČSD used the series designations proposed by Vojtěch Kryšpín , and vehicles created after this date, which no longer have Kryšpín's designations (with some exceptions). In addition, these new cars are the new vehicles are already different in both countries. Elron has since 2015

6045-521: The current Peugeot companies was established in 1810, making it the oldest car company in the world. On 20 November 1858, Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark . Armand Peugeot (1849–1915) built the company's first vehicle, a steam-powered tricycle . In 1886, the company collaborated with Léon Serpollet , followed by the development of an internal combustion car in 1890, which used a Panhard - Daimler engine. The Peugeot family and company are originally from Sochaux , where Peugeot still operates

6138-408: The debut of Michelin pneumatic tyres in racing, also on a Peugeot; they proved insufficiently durable. Nevertheless, the vehicles were still very much horseless carriages in appearance and were steered by a tiller . In 1896, the first Peugeot engines were built; no longer were they reliant on Daimler. Designed by Rigoulot, the first engine was an 8 hp (6.0 kW) horizontal twin fitted to

6231-408: The design and manufacture of new locomotives and rolling stock be split between numerous private firms as well as BR's own workshops, while different BR Regions laid down different specifications. The result was a multitude of different types, one of which was: In 1960, British Railways introduced its Blue Pullman high-speed DEMUs. These were few in number and relatively short-lived, but they paved

6324-430: The driver, as in the great majority of first-generation British Rail DMUs, but in most applications, gears are changed automatically. In a diesel–hydraulic multiple unit (DHMU), a hydraulic torque converter , a type of fluid coupling, acts as the transmission medium for the motive power of the diesel engine to turn the wheels. Some units feature a hybrid mix of hydraulic and mechanical transmissions, usually reverting to

6417-438: The early 2010s, the Rotem DMUs of 2009 built by Korean manufacturer Hyundai Rotem , and the 8000 and 8100 classes built by Indonesian firm PT INKA . Peugeot Peugeot ( UK : / ˈ p ɜː ʒ oʊ / , US : / p ( j ) uː ˈ ʒ oʊ / , French: [pøʒo] ) is a French automobile brand owned by Stellantis . The family business that preceded

6510-405: The early DOHC), but the engine was a failure. The same year, Peugeot debuted 10 hp (7.5 kW) and 14 hp (10.4 kW) fours, the larger based on the Type 153 , and a 6-liter 25 hp (19 kW) sleeve valve six, as well as a new cyclecar , La Quadrilette . During the 1920s, Peugeot expanded, in 1926 splitting the cycle (pedal and motor) business off to form Cycles Peugeot,

6603-494: The few remaining unelectrified lines. As electrification progresses, the DMUs become less and less important. Diesel multiple units cover large number of passenger lines in Croatia which are operated by the national passenger service operator HŽ Putnički Prijevoz . On Croatian Railways, DMUs have important role since they cover local, regional and distant lines all across the country. The country's two largest towns, Zagreb and Split , are connected with an inter-city service that

6696-519: The first manufacturer to fit rubber tyres (solid, rather than pneumatic ) to a petrol-powered car. Due to family discord, Armand Peugeot founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot, in 1896, but in 1910 it was merged back with the family's Peugeot bicycle and motorcycle business. Peugeot was an early pioneer in motor racing, with Albert Lemaître winning the world's first motor race, the Paris–Rouen , in

6789-502: The first non-American-based auto company to win at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1914, Boillot's 3-liter L5 set a new Indy lap record of 99.5 mph (160.1 km/h), and Duray placed second (beaten by ex-Peugeot ace René Thomas in a 6,235 cc (380 cu in) Delage ). Another (driven by Boillot's brother, André ) placed in 1915; similar models won in 1916 ( Dario Resta ) and 1919 ( Howdy Wilcox ). For

6882-444: The former British Rail Southern Region ), which "is substituted" by one or more on-board diesel generators ; this kind of DEMU can be potentially upgraded to electro-diesel multiple unit (EDMU), becoming a bi-mode multiple units train (BMU), just adding one or two pantographs or contact shoes (with opportune converters, if necessary) and related modifications on the electric system. NMBS/SNCB uses its NMBS/SNCB Class 41 DMUs on

6975-432: The frame in an engine bay or under the floor. Driving controls can be at both ends, on one end, or in a separate car. DMUs are usually classified by the method of transmitting motive power to their wheels. In a diesel–mechanical multiple unit (DMMU), the rotating energy of the engine is transmitted via a gearbox and driveshaft directly to the wheels of the train, like a car . The transmissions can be shifted manually by

7068-410: The latter at higher operating speeds as this decreases engine RPM and noise. In a diesel–electric multiple unit (DEMU), a diesel engine drives an electrical generator or an alternator which produces electrical energy . The generated current is then fed to electric traction motors on the wheels or bogies in the same way as a conventional diesel–electric locomotive . On some DEMUs, such as

7161-485: The manufacture of 300,000 sport-utility and multipurpose vehicles a year, starting towards the end of 2016. In January 2015, Indian multinational automotive giant Mahindra & Mahindra purchased a major stake of 51% of Peugeot Motocycles for a price of 28 million euro. In 2020, it was announced that a merger of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and PSA is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2021. The combined company will be called Stellantis . The merger

7254-521: The manufacturing business in 1810 with a steel foundry, which quickly started manufacturing saws ; then other hand tools and, circa 1840 to 1842, coffee grinders ; then, in 1874, pepper grinders; and then, circa 1880, bicycles . The company's entry into the vehicle market was by means of stiff, structured petticoats or crinoline dresses, which used steel rods, leading to umbrella frames, chisels, wire wheels, and bicycles. Armand Peugeot introduced his " Le Grand Bi " penny-farthing in 1882, along with

7347-478: The mid '80s, British Rail embarked upon its so called "Sprinterisation" programme, to replace most of the first generation DMUs and many locomotive-hauled trains with three new families of DMU: Following the impact of the privatisation of British Rail in the late 1990s, several other DMU families have been introduced: In 2018, the first bi and tri-mode electro-diesel multiple units were introduced: Canada generally follows similar buffer strength requirements to

7440-588: The mid-1950s and they were the first diesel trains on many main lines. DMUs are used mostly on shorter or less frequently travelled routes in remote areas. The national railway company CFR still uses, along with other DMU models, Class 77 and 78 DMUs, locally built by Malaxa between the 1930s and 50s and refurbished in the 70s. The main DMU in use is the Class 96 Siemens Desiro aka Săgeata Albastră (The Blue Arrow). Private operators also largely use DMU units, mainly purchased from various French and German operators. In

7533-507: The newest series 7022 and 7023 built in 2010s Croatia, cover many of the country's local and regional services on unelectrified or partly electrified lines. Diesel multiple units also cover large number of passenger lines in the Czech Republic which are operated by the national operator České dráhy . They have important role since they cover local, regional and distant lines all across the country. Those trains may also cover other lines in

7626-475: The pioneer period, exemplified by Enzo Ferrari among others): Jules Goux (graduate of Arts et Metiers , Paris), Paolo Zuccarelli (formerly of Hispano-Suiza ), and Georges Boillot (collectively called Les Charlatans ), with 26-year-old Swiss engineer Ernest Henry to make their ideas reality. The company decided voiturette (light car) racing was not enough, and chose to try grandes épreuves (grand touring). They did so with an engineering tour de force :

7719-562: The power cars were later reclassified as locomotives under Class 43 . HSTs started being replaced in 2017, but as of October 2022 some are still in use. By the early 1980s, many of the surviving First Generation units were reaching the end of their design life, leading to spiralling maintenance costs, poor reliability and a poor public image for the railway. A stopgap solution was to convert some services back to locomotive haulage, as spare locomotives and hauled coaching stock were available, but this also increased operating costs. Commencing in

7812-583: The present, several types of DMUs operate in Slovakia. Was the most common type in Slovakia is a Class 812 ZSSK based on the ČD Class 810 . These are used almost exclusively for hauling passenger trains on non-electrified regional lines and these trains often excel in low travel speeds. In the past, however, in Slovakia there were a number of express trains driven by motor coaches , which often overcame heavier trains driven by steam locomotives at cruising speed, and classic sets. A typical example can be, for example,

7905-429: The revived Talbot badge until the production of Talbot-branded passenger cars was shelved in 1987 and on commercial vehicles in 1992. In 1983, Peugeot launched the successful Peugeot 205 supermini, which is largely credited for turning the company's fortunes around. The 205 was regularly the bestselling car in France, and was also popular in other parts of Europe, including Britain, where sales regularly topped 50,000

7998-440: The way for the very successful InterCity 125 or High Speed Train (HST) units, which were built between 1975 and 1982 to take over most principal express services on non-electrified routes. These 125 mph (201 km/h) trains run with a streamlined power car at each end and (typically) seven to nine intermediate trailer cars. Although originally classified as DEMUs, the trailer cars are very similar to loco-hauled stock, and

8091-633: Was 700 HP and had three or six coaches, made first by ICF. Transmission was Voith-hydraulic. Max speed 100 km/h. Second generation DMU: Rated power is 1400 HP and have eight coaches. Max speed is 105 km/h. Transmission is DC electric. Made at ICF and RCF . Third generation DMU: Rated power is 1,600 HP and have ten coaches. Max speed is 110 km/h. Transmission is AC electric. Made at ICF . State-owned company PT.INKA builds several type of DMU, some of which operate in urban and suburban areas. In Japan, where gasoline-driven railbuses (on small private lines) and railmotors ( Kihani 5000 of

8184-406: Was established to produce those vehicles in Argentina. In 1959, Fiat of Italy signed an agreement with state-owned Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado (IAME) to give technical support. The assembly plant was built that same year in the city of Ferreyra, Córdoba Province , one year later another factory was built to produce diesel engines . Fiat expanded its operations in Argentina when

8277-451: Was first manufactured in 1974. Several Peugeot models were assembled in Australia, commencing with the 203 in 1953. These were followed by 403, 404 and 504 models with Australian assembly ending with the 505 in the early 1980s. In 1974, Peugeot bought a 30% share of Citroën and took over it completely in 1975 after the French government gave large sums of money to the new company. Citroën

8370-642: Was in financial trouble because it developed too many radical new models for its financial resources. Some of them, notably the Citroën SM and the Comotor Wankel engine venture proved unprofitable. Others, the Citroën CX and Citroën GS for example, proved very successful in the marketplace. The joint parent company became the PSA Peugeot Citroën group, which aimed to keep separate identities for both

8463-564: Was one of the first adopters of diesel multiple unit trains in Asia. Initially built as gasoline-powered railmotors, the locally assembled Manila Railroad RMC class of 1929 was the first to be powered by diesel traction. Some units were also converted to streamliner units by 1932 for first-class services on the South Main Line between Manila and Legazpi, Albay . Since then, generations of DMUs were used chiefly for short-distance commuter services by

8556-563: Was replaced by the 406 nearly a decade later. Production of the 405 in Europe was divided between Britain and France, although its 406 successor was only produced in France. The 106, Peugeot's entry-level model from 1991, was also produced solely in France. The Talbot name survived for a little longer on commercial vehicles until 1992 before being shelved completely. As experienced by other European volume car makers, Peugeot's United States and Canadian sales faltered and finally became uneconomical, as

8649-613: Was significant, as it signalled the first time Peugeots would be built in Britain. The 309 was the first Peugeot-badged hatchback of its size, and sold well across Europe. The 309's successor, the 306, was also built at Ryton. The 405 saloon was launched in 1987 to compete with the likes of the Ford Sierra , and was voted European Car of the Year . This, too, was a popular car across Europe, and continued to be available in Africa and Asia after it

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