114-582: Ferguson is a city in St. Louis County , Missouri , United States. It is part of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area. Per the 2020 census , the population was 18,527, and predominantly black. What is now the city of Ferguson was founded in 1855, when William B. Ferguson deeded 10 acres (4.0 ha) of land to the Wabash Railroad in exchange for a new depot and naming rights. The settlement that sprang up around
228-441: A 9.7% increase from the 2000 United States Census . This was the first census in which all states recorded a population of over 500,000 people as well as the first in which all 100 largest cities recorded populations of over 200,000. It was the first census since 1930 that California did not record the largest population growth in absolute number. Texas surpassed California's growth by 4.3 million to 3.4 million. As required by
342-559: A committee examined the issues of the St. Louis government, and it summarized the two options facing the region as consolidation and separation. The full convention voted to include a provision in the constitution allowing for separation; the vote was 53 in favor, 4 opposed, 11 absent. Only one member of the St. Louis delegation opposed separation: I am in favor of total consolidation of St. Louis County, but I am not in favor of dividing it, splitting and hacking it in this manner...I vote no. In 1877,
456-432: A downtown census tract which lost only 60 housing units, but 1,400 people, implying that a downtown jail or dormitory was missed in canvassing. NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg held a conference on March 27, 2011, to announce that the city would also challenge his city's census results, specifically the apparent undercounting in the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn . Bloomberg said that the numbers for Queens and Brooklyn,
570-651: A few areas where the river has changed its course. The Meramec River forms most of its southern border with Jefferson County . To the east is the City of St. Louis and the Mississippi River . The western boundary with Franklin County is the north–south line where the distance between the Meramec and Missouri rivers is the shortest, bisecting the city of Pacific , roughly two blocks east of Hwy OO/F (First street). The foothills of
684-463: A former conservative Republican Representative from Minnesota , stated that she would not fill out her census form other than to indicate the number of people living in her household because "the Constitution doesn't require any information beyond that." Former Republican representative and Libertarian presidential candidate Bob Barr stated that the census has become too intrusive, going beyond
798-473: A historically low participating ethnicity in the U.S. census. Rapper Ludacris also participated in efforts to spread awareness of the 2010 census. The Census Bureau hired about 635,000 people to find those U.S. residents who had not returned their forms by mail; as of May 28, 2010, 113 census workers had been victims of crime while conducting the census. As of June 29, there were 436 incidents involving assaults or threats against enumerators, more than double
912-756: A large part of St. Louis in the east, and to the north up to Clayton Road. The first school, originally called the Washington Institute and later renamed as Maplewood High School, opened as a one-room stone building at the crossing of Manchester Road over the Missouri Pacific Railroad tracks. Another antebellum school district was Rock Hill, which provided a one-room school across from the Rock Hill Presbyterian Church until about 1870. The first school in Florissant opened in 1819 under
1026-431: A margin of error of +/- $ 5,435) and the median family income was $ 44,123 (+/- $ 8,219). Males had a median income of $ 29,652 (+/- $ 2,440) versus $ 27,351 (+/- $ 3,102) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 28,414 (+/- $ 2,545). Approximately, 21.4% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 41.2% of those under the age of 18 and 8.1% of those ages 65 or over. As of
1140-555: A name change, the reform expanded the size of the county government council to seven members, with four seats reserved for city representation (but the city at that time had roughly ten times the population of the county, so was still underrepresented in county government). The reform temporarily ameliorated the tensions. In 1863, the General Assembly restored the name of the county government to its former name of County Court. Despite some reforms, controversy returned and grew during
1254-521: A resident of Noorvik, Alaska . More than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U.S. Post Office beginning March 15, 2010. The number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on April 1, 2010. Although the questionnaire used April 1, 2010, as the reference date as to where a person was living, an insert dated March 15, 2010, included the following printed in bold type: "Please complete and mail back
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#17329413993181368-486: A tavern in St. Louis, then regularly at a building at Third and Plum until 1817. The county seat moved that year to a newly built one-story log cabin on Third Street between Elm and Spruce, followed by a move to the brick Baptist Church at Third and Market in 1820. The County Court established a commission in 1822 to study a permanent courthouse (previous facilities were rented). In 1823, Auguste Chouteau and John Baptiste Charles Lucas donated two tracts of land that formed
1482-589: A two-station fire department with a complement of 18 full-time firefighters as well as nine senior management officials. The fire stations operate 24 hours a day. On March 4, 2015, the Ferguson Police Department was criticized by the United States Department of Justice for civil rights violations. The Department of Justice argued that the Ferguson Police Department and the City of Ferguson relied on unconstitutional practices in order to balance
1596-404: A vacant square bounded by Broadway, Fourth, Chestnut, and Market. Between the summer of 1826 and 1833, a low-roofed two-story brick structure was built fronting Fourth Street; this was the first permanent courthouse for St. Louis County. Within a few years, however, the building's size was inadequate for the county government's needs; the original building was left in place during construction on
1710-484: Is 904 feet (276 meters). The bedrock is mainly limestone and dolomite , and much of the county near the rivers is karst terrain, with numerous caves, sinkholes, and springs. No igneous or metamorphic rock is exposed on the surface. A major outcropping of the St. Peter Sandstone formation, a fine white sandstone used for making clear glass, is mined in the southwest corner of the county in Pacific . Brick clay mining
1824-662: Is instead in the Riverview Gardens School District , and another is in the Hazelwood School District . The following FFSD public schools are located within the city of Ferguson: Vogt Elementary School closed in 2019. The following private schools are located within the city of Ferguson: Ferguson is also home to the Challenger Learning Center – St. Louis , which provides a space education program. The Ferguson Municipal Public Library
1938-442: Is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km) is water. Ferguson has a humid subtropical - continental climate . Winters are cold, while summers are hot and humid. The record high is 115 °F, and the record low is −19 °F. The city is home to the headquarters of Emerson Electric . The Mayor of Ferguson is directly elected for a three-year term. The Ferguson city council is composed of six members. James Knowles III
2052-585: Is limited in North America to the counties surrounding St. Louis. Frogs are commonly found in the springtime, especially after extensive wet periods. Common species include American toad and species of chorus frogs, commonly called " spring peepers ", that are found in nearly every pond. Some years have outbreaks of cicadas or ladybugs . Mosquitos and houseflies are common insect nuisances; because of this, windows are nearly universally fitted with screens , and "screened-in" porches are common in homes of
2166-646: Is located in Ferguson. Much of the community is within the Ferguson-Florissant School District (FFSD). Primary schools (grades K-2) serving sections of Ferguson include Central, Bermuda, Holman, and Walnut Grove. Intermediate schools (grade 3-5) serving sections of Ferguson include Lee-Hamilton, Griffith, and Berkeley. Zoned secondary schools with attendance boundaries that coincide with Ferguson include Johnson-Wabash 6th Grade Center, Ferguson Middle School, and McCluer High School . A portion of Ferguson
2280-411: Is often divided into Mid, North, West, and South sections. North County lies north of Interstate 70 , West County lies west of Interstate 270 , South County lies south of Interstate 44 and Mid County lies in the middle of the three main bordering highways (I-70, I-270 & I-44) and the St. Louis county-city line. The Missouri River forms the northern border with St. Charles County , exclusive of
2394-518: Is one of several independent community libraries in St. Louis County and is a member of the Municipal Library Consortium of St. Louis County . This list may include persons born in the community, past residents, and current residents. St. Louis County, Missouri St. Louis County is located in eastern Missouri . It is bounded by the City of St. Louis and the Mississippi River to
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#17329413993182508-411: Is preserved as a conservation area open to the public. The Missouri Bottom area between the two other floodplains had been developed for agriculture, but it is being increasingly developed for residential, business, and industry. The River des Peres drains the interior of the county before flowing into constructed underground channels into the City of St. Louis. It was allowed to resurface, where it forms
2622-725: Is thought to have many conservative fans, to publicize the census. The results of the 2010 census determined the number of seats that each state received in the United States House of Representatives starting with the 2012 elections . Consequently, this affected the number of votes each state had in the Electoral College for the 2012 presidential election . Because of population changes, eighteen states had changes in their number of seats. Eight states gained at least one seat, and ten states lost at least one seat. The final result involved 12 seats being switched. Some objected to
2736-486: The 2010 U.S. Census , there were 21,203 people, 8,192 households, and 5,500 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,425.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,322.6/km). There were 9,105 housing units at an average density of 1,470.9 per square mile (567.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 67.4% black , 29.3% white , 0.5% Asian , 0.4% Native American , 0.4% from other races , and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic and Latino of any race were 1.2% of
2850-505: The City of St. Louis separated from the county, creating an independent city . The city in August 1876 narrowly approved the separation while county residents overwhelmingly opposed the separation. City residents had argued they wanted to be "rid of county taxes and state influence over county government". At the time the city had 350,000 residents while the rural county had 30,000. The rural county also had only 150 miles of gravel roads. Although
2964-520: The Ferguson Police Department after an encounter with the officer that led to an altercation and subsequent pursuit. The incident sparked riots and acts of vandalism in Ferguson as well as widespread calls for an investigation into the incident. On August 10, after a day of vigils, there were looting of businesses, arson, vandalism of vehicles, shots fired at firemen and violent clashes between rioters and police. On August 18, reservists from
3078-726: The Gulf of Mexico . The county has four distinct seasons. Spring is the wettest season and produces erratic severe weather ranging from tornadoes to winter storms . Summers are hot, and the humidity can cause the heat index to rise to temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C). Fall is mild, with lower humidity and can produce intermittent bouts of heavy rainfall with the first snow flurries usually forming in late November. Winters are cool to cold with periodic snow and temperatures often below freezing. Winter storm systems, such as Alberta clippers , can bring days of heavy freezing rain , ice pellets , and snowfall . The average annual temperature for
3192-560: The Missouri National Guard arrived in Ferguson at the request of the Governor of Missouri Jay Nixon , who also ended midnight to 5:00 a.m. curfews that had been imposed. On November 24, a grand jury decided that it would not indict Wilson in the shooting death of Brown. Following the announcement of the grand jury's decision, there was more rioting. St. Louis Community College-Florissant Valley , which has about 8,000 students,
3306-684: The United States Constitution , the U.S. Census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U.S. Census was the previous census completed. Participation in the U.S. Census is required by law of people living in the United States in Title 13 of the United States Code . On January 25, 2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson,
3420-530: The turkey vulture and red-tailed hawk , as well as shorebirds , including the great egret and great blue heron . Winter populations of bald eagles are found by the Mississippi River around the Chain of Rocks Bridge . The county is on the Mississippi Flyway , used by migrating birds, and has a large variety of small bird species, common to the eastern U.S. The Eurasian tree sparrow , an introduced species,
3534-412: The 181 incidents in 2000 ; one enumerator, attempting to hand-deliver the census forms to a Hawaii County police officer, was arrested for trespassing – the officer's fellow policemen made the arrest. Some political conservatives and libertarians questioned the validity of the questions and even encouraged people to refuse to answer questions for privacy and constitutional reasons. Michele Bachmann ,
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3648-464: The 1850s and 1860s. The first St. Louis Public Schools were established in the major city in the 1830s. It was a decade and more before some of the settlements of St. Louis County began providing public education. In 1854, the School District of Maplewood was established. It included all of today's Maplewood district, part of what became Webster Groves, Missouri , along the south and southwest,
3762-651: The 1850s, with their growth stimulated by construction of the Pacific Railroad (later the Missouri Pacific Railroad ). Pacific, a community along the Meramec River first known as Franklin, straddles St. Louis and Franklin counties; it incorporated as Pacific in 1859. Kirkwood was settled in 1853 after Hiram Leffingwell and Richard Elliott platted and auctioned land along the railroad line; they named their settlement after James P. Kirkwood , who had planned
3876-480: The 1860s. This was largely due to what city residents considered double taxation: by the county and the city for services effectively provided by the city alone. Several plans began to circulate during the late 1860s that would relieve this burden, including home rule status for St. Louis, further reorganization of the County Court to ensure greater representation, city-county government consolidation, and separation of
3990-499: The 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, nor was the form available for download. Detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey . The survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A small percentage of
4104-410: The 2010 U.S. Census. Census Bureau director Robert Grove, however, wrote "the Census Bureau has rarely prosecuted failure to respond. While the rationale for the mandatory nature of the census still applies today, our message for the 2010 Census is about the common good benefits of participation". The fine for non-participation is much lower than that for reporting false information. In 2010, that penalty
4218-418: The 2010 census cost to be $ 11 billion. In August 2010, Commerce Secretary Gary Locke announced that the census operational costs came in significantly under budget; of an almost $ 7 billion operational budget: Locke credited the management practices of Census Bureau director Robert Groves , citing in particular the decision to buy additional advertising in locations where responses lagged, which improved
4332-587: The 2010 census per-capita cost for China was about US$ 1 and for India was US$ 0.40. Operational costs were $ 5.4 billion, significantly under the $ 7 billion budget. In December 2010 the Government Accountability Office (GAO) noted that the cost of conducting the census has approximately doubled each decade since 1970. In a detailed 2004 report to Congress , the GAO called on the Census Bureau to address cost and design issues, and at that time, had estimated
4446-562: The 2010 census were those who identify as Black and Hispanic. This could lead to the loss of resources for underserved minority communities. The term " Negro " was used in the questionnaire as one of the options for African Americans (Question 9. What is Person (number)'s race? ... Black , African Am., or Negro) as a choice to describe one's race. Census Bureau spokesman Jack Martin explained that "many older African-Americans identified themselves that way, and many still do. Those who identify themselves as Negroes need to be included." The word
4560-436: The 2014 killing of Michael Brown Jr. by a police officer and the ensuing civil unrest . The United States Department of Justice investigation which followed resulted in large legal fees for the town, in excess of $ 300,000 a year. The investigation determined that the shooting was justified. Ferguson elected its first black and first female mayor, Ella Jones , on June 2, 2020. The population of Ferguson grew rapidly during
4674-549: The 50% threshold were met. Significant suburban growth in the early 20th century stimulated a rapid increase in the number of incorporations after 1935. After the Civil War, dozens of school districts opened in St. Louis County to provide basic primary education. In Eureka , along the Missouri Pacific line to Pacific, a one-room log school opened in the town in 1870, which expanded to two stories and four rooms in about 1900. In
Ferguson, Missouri - Misplaced Pages Continue
4788-705: The Court considered a report that recommended Kirkwood as the new county seat, but did not decide the issue at that time. The Court continued to meet at the Sutton House in Maplewood until February 1877, when it convened at the Des Peres Grange Hall. It agreed then to rent space at the Mount Olive Hotel, in what is now University City , until deciding on a new location for the courthouse. The Court continued to meet at
4902-623: The District of St. Louis was renamed St. Louis County (exactly eight years after its establishment) during a federal reorganization of the Louisiana Territory's status. After the transfer of Louisiana to the United States, the authority to grant incorporation to municipalities was delegated to the Territory and later was a state power. The first to gain municipal status in St. Louis County was St. Louis, which incorporated on November 9, 1809, under
5016-674: The Kinloch and the Berkeley school districts to combine the schools. In 1955, St. Louis County established the St. Louis County Police Department , with jurisdiction throughout the county. In 1977, St. Louis County was terrorized by three car bombings , which killed two people. The bomber was never caught. In 1988 the Board of Freeholders proposed consolidating the county's 89 municipalities into 37 cities, eliminating all unincorporated areas. The vote in June 1989
5130-595: The Mississippi River after France ceded territory to Great Britain after losing the Seven Years' War. It also ceded much of its territory west of the River to Spain. St. Louis was founded by Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau on February 14, 1764; they became major fur traders in the city. Founded in about 1767 was Carondelet , to the south. It was annexed by the city in 1871. Florissant , then known as St. Ferdinand,
5244-414: The Missouri Pacific railroad line; Wellston in 1908 in the inner north county; Shrewsbury in 1913 east of Webster Groves; Clayton in 1913 south of University City; and Richmond Heights in 1913 south of Clayton. State law required only that 50% of residents agree to incorporation via a petition for a legal incorporation to take place; the county government had no ability to restrict the incorporation if
5358-574: The Missouri River. It was formerly called "Gumbo Flats" after its rich, dark soil; it was submerged by at least ten feet of water during the Great Flood of 1993 . The Corps of Engineers constructed a higher levee, and the county has permitted construction in the floodplain. The Columbia Bottom is a floodplain in the northeast of the county at the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers; this
5472-640: The Mount Olive Hotel from March 1877 to 1879. Throughout 1877, the Court debated the question of the county seat; rejecting several sites, including Kirkwood and Florissant. In September 1877 the Court accepted the donation of 100 acres of land on Hanley Road by a farmer named Ralph Clayton. In addition to the benefit of donated land, the site was chosen because it was on the route of the Hodiamont streetcar line , which connected from St. Louis to Florissant. An additional four acres were given by M. F. Hanley, and in May 1878,
5586-518: The Ozark Mountains begin in southwestern St. Louis County, with most of the rest of the county being a fairly level plateau. This western part of the county is the least developed, due to rugged topography. Bluffs along the Mississippi in the south of the county rise about 200–300 feet above the river. A major floodplain area is the Chesterfield Valley , in the western part of the county, along
5700-525: The Police Department and other city departments and was the most powerful civic official in Ferguson. He faced criticism for not doing enough to ameliorate the situation. The week before, three Ferguson Police Department employees were fired for offensive emails mentioned in the Justice Department report. On August 9, 2014, an 18-year-old man, Michael Brown , was fatally shot by Darren Wilson with
5814-466: The address canvassing operation. Enumerators (information gatherers) that had operational problems with the device understandably made negative reports. During the 2009 Senate confirmation hearings for Robert Groves , President Obama's Census Director appointee, there was much mention of contracting problems but very little criticism of the units themselves. The Census Bureau chose to conduct the primary operation, Non-Response Follow Up (NRFU), without using
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#17329413993185928-535: The area of St. Louis County and founded the city of St. Louis in the late 1700s. The US acquired this territory in 1803 with the Louisiana Purchase . In 1877 residents of the City of St. Louis voted to separate from the county and become an independent city . In the 1960s, with growing suburban development of Greater St. Louis , the county's population overtook that of the city for the first time. Restructuring of industry resulted in job and population declines in
6042-417: The area. Populations of honeybees have sharply declined in recent years, and numerous species of pollinator insects have filled their ecological niche. St. Louis County has a mix of a humid subtropical climate and a humid continental climate, with neither large mountains nor large bodies of water to moderate its temperature. The area is affected by both cold Canadian Arctic air, and also hot, humid air from
6156-525: The boundary between southern portions of St. Louis City and St. Louis County. Other streams include Coldwater Creek, Bonhomme Creek, and Creve Coeur Creek, flowing into the Missouri River ; Keifer Creek, Fishpot Creek, and Grand Glaize Creek, flowing into the Meramec River ; Deer Creek and Gravois Creek, flowing into the River des Peres ; and Maline Creek, flowing into the Mississippi River . The highest elevation
6270-430: The census. The contract included systems, facilities, and staffing. The final value of that contract was in excess of one billion dollars. Information technology was about a quarter of the projected $ 11.3 billion cost of the decennial census. The use of high-speed document scanning technology, such as ImageTrac scanners developed by IBML , helped Lockheed Martin complete the project on schedule and under budget. Due to
6384-654: The city shifted to majority African American at 52.4% of the population (52.30% non-Hispanic African American). The 2020 United States census counted 18,527 people, 8,844 households, and 5,272 families in Ferguson. The population density was 3,002.8 per square mile (1,159.4/km). There were 10,079 housing units at an average density of 1,633.5 per square mile (630.7/km). The racial makeup was 21.4% (3,965) white , 72.15% (13,367) black or African-American , 0.24% (45) Native American , 0.53% (99) Asian , 0.05% (9) Pacific Islander , 1.31% (243) from other races , and 4.31% (799) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race
6498-478: The city's 622,236. Industrial restructuring cost the city many jobs and residents. By the 2010 census , the city had fewer people than in the 19th century. According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 523 square miles (1,350 km ), of which 508 square miles (1,320 km ) is land and 15 square miles (39 km ) (2.9%) is water. Colloquially, St. Louis County
6612-555: The city's budget through racially motivated excessive fines and punishments. On March 11, 2015, Ferguson Police Chief Thomas Jackson stated he was willing to resign, likely later that day (though no timeframe was confirmed) if he could get assurances that the Ferguson Police Department would be left in place and would not be dissolved; Fox News said he was not pushed out or fired. His resignation followed City Manager John Shaw who resigned March 10, and Municipal Judge Ronald Brockmeyer , who resigned March 9. Shaw had ultimate oversight over
6726-449: The city, and the county has continued to expand. Through the decades changing conditions have led many business and political leaders to propose merging the city and county as a single government . In 2019, efforts to put the issue to a statewide vote failed to get on a ballot. During the 18th century, several European colonial settlements were established in the area that would become St. Louis County. French colonists moved from east of
6840-464: The cornerstone was laid for a new county courthouse. In October 1878 the courthouse donation and streets were platted in what would become the town of Clayton . The new courthouse and jail opened in December 1878, at a cost of $ 38,000. Two additions were made to the courthouse in 1912 and in 1926. In the years from the Civil War to World War I, relatively few new towns incorporated in St. Louis County;
6954-579: The counting of persons who are in the United States illegally. Senators David Vitter (R-LA) and Bob Bennett (R-UT) tried unsuccessfully to add questions on immigration status to the census form. Organizations such as the Prison Policy Initiative argued that the census counts of incarcerated men and women as residents of prisons, rather than of their pre-incarceration addresses, skewed political clout and resulted in misleading demographic and population data. Many residents of prisons counted on
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#17329413993187068-426: The county government and the city government during the 1840s and 1850s. Much of the dispute involved the double taxation of city residents and their proportionally lesser representation in county government. The reform of 1859, in which the County Court was abolished by the state government and replaced by a Board of Commissioners, was in large part a reaction to city outcry over mismanagement of tax money. More than
7182-403: The county. In 1843, a group of St. Louis city residents petitioned the state legislature to separate the two entities. The General Assembly passed a resolution calling for a referendum on the subject among county voters outside the city. This vote held on August 7, 1844, showed a majority of county voters opposed to separation. Despite the vote, controversy continued and tension mounted between
7296-458: The depot was called Ferguson Station. Ferguson was the first railroad station connected directly to St. Louis . The station is a focal point of the city's history and is depicted on the city flag, designed in 1994. Ferguson's first schoolhouse was built in 1878. Ferguson was incorporated as a city in 1894. Emerson Electric moved its headquarters to Ferguson during the 20th century. Ferguson made frequent worldwide headlines for months following
7410-400: The detailed information provided for 549 census blocks is "nonsensical", listing examples of census data that show housing units located in the middle of a street that does not actually exist. However, officials do not believe the city's total population will drastically change as a result of the challenge. The state with the highest percentage rate of growth was Nevada , while the state with
7524-668: The direction of the Religious of the Sacred Heart , a Roman Catholic religious congregation. The instructor, Rose Philippine Duchesne , was a French immigrant who has been described as "one of the foremost educators in the state of Missouri". A second school, initially an Indian school known as the St. Regis Academy, was operated for young boys from 1823 to 1829. The complex included the Jesuit St. Stanislaus Seminary , which continued to operate until 1971. The earliest public school in Florissant
7638-495: The east, the Missouri River to the north, and the Meramec River to the south. At the 2020 census , the total population was 1,004,125, making it the most populous county in Missouri . Its county seat is Clayton . The county is included in the St. Louis, MO–IL metropolitan statistical area. After Great Britain took over former French territory east of the Mississippi River, many ethnic French colonists moved west. They settled
7752-462: The enclosed census form today." The 2010 census national mail participation rate was 74%. From April through July 2010, census takers visited households that didn't return a form, an operation called "non-response follow-up" (NRFU). In December 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau delivered population information to the U.S. president for apportionment , and later in March 2011, complete redistricting data
7866-502: The first to incorporate after the war, Fenton , was incorporated in 1874 in southwest St. Louis County. Webster Groves incorporated in 1896, prompted by residents' demands for a police department after the murder of Bertram Atwater, a commercial artist from Chicago. Webster had earlier been settled in 1853 as a stop on the Missouri Pacific line. Other incorporations before World War I included University City in 1906 near Washington University in St. Louis ; Maplewood in 1908, also along
7980-498: The forests of the Ozarks ; common understory trees include eastern redbud , serviceberry , and flowering dogwood . Riparian areas are heavily forested with mainly American sycamore . By the 1920s most of the timber in the county was harvested. Since that time, large parks and undeveloped areas in the western and southern parts of the county have grown dense forest cover. Old pastures are usually colonized with eastern red cedar . Most of
8094-416: The handheld computing devices. Due to allegations surrounding previous censuses that poor people and non-whites are routinely undercounted, for the 2010 census, the Census Bureau tried to avoid that bias by enlisting tens of thousands of intermediaries, such as churches, charities and firms, to explain to people the importance of being counted. There was a penalty of $ 100 for not completing some or all of
8208-521: The hope of avoiding an undercount of this group. The 2010 U.S. census was the primary sponsor at NASCAR races in Atlanta, Bristol, and Martinsville, and sponsored the No. 16 Ford Fusion driven by Greg Biffle for part of the season, because of a marketing survey that indicated most NASCAR fans lean politically conservative. It also ran an advertisement during the 2010 Super Bowl , and hired singer Marie Osmond , who
8322-625: The largest population increase was Texas . Michigan , the 8th largest by population, was the only state to lose population (although Puerto Rico , a U.S. territory , lost population as well), and the District of Columbia saw its first gain since the 1950s. The resident populations listed below do not include people living overseas. For Congressional apportionment, the sum of a state's resident population and its population of military personnel and federal contractors living overseas (but not other citizens overseas, such as missionaries or expatriate workers)
8436-473: The late nineteenth century. In 1880 the population of the then Ferguson Station was 185 people. By 1890 the population was recorded as being 750 and only four years later it had increased to 1200. The population of Ferguson continued to grow rapidly during the first six decades of the twentieth century, from 1,015 people in 1900 to 22,149 people in 1960, an average growth rate of 5% per year. The ethnic composition of Ferguson has shifted, however. In 1970, 99% of
8550-462: The mere enumeration (i.e., count) intended by the framers of the U.S. Constitution. According to political commentator Juan Williams , "Census participation rates have been declining since 1970, and if conservatives don't participate, doubts about its accuracy and credibility may become fatal." As a result, the Census Bureau undertook an unprecedented advertising campaign targeted at encouraging white political conservatives to fill out their forms, in
8664-461: The mistrust between city and county residents precluded consolidation. A citizen group known as the Taxpayers League formed in 1872 to advance the separation cause. City leaders looked to Baltimore , Maryland , which had separated from Baltimore County in 1853, as an example. The mechanism by which separation took place began in 1875 at the state constitutional convention. At the convention,
8778-456: The new building, which began in 1839. This new courthouse, now known as the Old Courthouse , included a finished rotunda, dome, and west wing by 1843; the 1833 courthouse was demolished in 1851, and by 1856, the east wing of the new courthouse was complete. During the antebellum period, some city leaders began to work to separate the city of St. Louis, the county's largest municipality, from
8892-490: The newly formed Kirkwood School District ; the district provided two years of high school from 1873 and opened a four-year Kirkwood High School in 1896. In some areas, formerly private schools became part of new public districts. In Florissant, the St. Ferdinand School (opened in 1845) became part of the Florissant School District in 1871, although it continued to be staffed by nuns. The first public school in
9006-546: The newly formed district opened in 1876 near St. Ferdinand and Washington Streets. In Ballwin , a school opened in 1855 by German Methodists was bought by a newly formed Ballwin School District in 1869. The one-room schoolhouse operated until 1900 when a two-room building opened as a replacement. A new courthouse was built in Clayton in 1945 (it serves as the 21st-century County Police headquarters). The original 1878 courthouse
9120-558: The operation of the county government. A consolidation plan proceeded in the General Assembly in 1871, backed by city political leaders Anthony Ittner and Roderick E. Rombauer . The Missouri Republican newspaper strongly backed the approach, while the Missouri Democrat argued it would lead city leaders into corruption. The latter pressed for a separation plan, support for which was led by David H. Armstrong . The separation plan gained greater support when it became clear that
9234-450: The overall response rate. The agency also has begun to rely more on questioning neighbors or other reliable third parties when a person could not be immediately reached at home, which reduced the cost of follow-up visits. Census data for about 22% of U.S. households that did not reply by mail were based on such outside interviews, Groves said. In 2005, Lockheed Martin won a six-year, $ 500 million contract to capture and standardize data for
9348-411: The population of Ferguson was white and 1% black . In 1980, the proportion of white residents went down to 85%, whereas the proportion of black residents rose to 14%. In 1990, residents of Ferguson who were identified in the U.S. Census as white comprised 73.8% of the total, while those identified as black made up 25.1%. The remainder, 1.1%, identified with other racial categories. In the 2000 U.S. Census,
9462-460: The population on a rotating basis will receive the survey each year, and no household will receive it more than once every five years. In June 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples . However, the final form did not contain a separate "same-sex married couple" option. When noting the relationship between household members, same-sex couples who are married could mark their spouses as being "Husband or wife",
9576-413: The population was under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 76.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 68.6 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 37,376 (with
9690-441: The population. There were 8,192 households, of which 39.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.6% were married couples living together, 31.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.9% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
9804-454: The previous County Court, which continued to meet albeit without legal function until July 1877) and the transfer of all county buildings and property in the city of St. Louis to the city government. Thus the county's courthouse in St. Louis became city property. The Court also requested that the city of St. Louis continue to provide police protection to some areas of the county until the county could provide these services. On January 29, 1877,
9918-1012: The residential area of the county is planted with large native shade trees. In autumn, the changing color of the trees is notable. St. Louis County has the most recorded native species of plants in the state, but this is probably due to the intensive botanical research done in the area. Most species here are typical of the Eastern Woodland, but some southern species are found in swampland, and typical northern species survive in sheltered hollows . Invasive species, most notably Japanese honeysuckle , are common in some homesteads converted to parks; these are actively removed. Large mammals include growing populations of whitetail deer and coyotes , which are becoming increasingly urbanized. Eastern gray squirrel , cottontail rabbit , and other rodents are abundant, as well as opossum , beaver , muskrat , raccoon , and skunk . Large bird species include wild turkey , Canada goose , mallard duck , various raptors like
10032-415: The results were challenged in the courts, the two jurisdictions were formally separated in March 1877. The first meeting of the new County Court took place on January 22, 1877, at the home of James C. Sutton, in what is now Maplewood . The three judges appointed a new county clerk, sheriff, and treasurer. They also announced at that meeting that the new Court was functional (obviating the legal standing of
10146-453: The rise in social media and cell-phone usage in the U.S., the Census Bureau used research gathered through a cell-phone study in order to target media and adds to populations that were nonrespondents and promote census participation. This study also helped gauge the mindset of those who fail to respond, trying to figure out why. This was the first census to use hand-held computing devices with GPS capability, although they were only used for
10260-519: The route of the railroad through the area. Leffingwell organized the town as a planned suburb (the first west of the Mississippi). Kirkwood was granted incorporation by the state in 1865. Other areas of the county began to be settled during this period but did not incorporate as towns. Among these were Chesterfield , and Gumbo , which were both settled in the 1820s in west St. Louis County. Gravois and Affton were settled in south St. Louis County in
10374-625: The same response given by opposite-sex married couples. An "unmarried partner" option was available for couples (whether same-sex or opposite-sex) who were not married. The Census 2010 Language Program was significantly expanded. Language assistance in 49 languages in the 2000 Census was increased to 59 languages in Census 2000. In addition to English, Census questionnaire was available in five non-English languages: Spanish, Chinese (simplified), Korean, Vietnamese, and Russian. The 2010 census cost $ 13 billion, approximately $ 42 per capita; by comparison,
10488-401: The ten questions were to be answered for each individual in the household. Federal law has provisions for fining those who refuse to complete the census form. Detroit Mayor Dave Bing held a press conference on March 22, 2011, to announce that the city would challenge its census results. The challenge, being led by the city's planning department, cited an inconsistency as an example showing
10602-456: The territorial legislature. It gained city status on December 9, 1822. Only a handful of other municipal incorporations took place prior to the separation of the county and city: St. Ferdinand was granted incorporation in 1829 (and reincorporated as Florissant in 1843), while Bridgeton , a settlement along the Missouri River near Florissant, gained incorporation in 1843. The towns of Pacific and Kirkwood grew substantially and incorporated in
10716-496: The territory after an arrangement with the French. During this time, the first governing body of St. Louis County was established (following the earlier Spanish governors). This government, called the Court of Quarter Sessions, was composed of Charles Gratiot , Auguste Chouteau, Jacques Clamorgan , and David DeLaunay , all ethnic French or French Canadians; the court held judicial, executive, and legislative power. On October 1, 1812,
10830-648: The towns of Old Orchard and Webster Groves along the Missouri Pacific line, schools opened in 1867 and 1868, respectively. In Kirkwood, private schools began operating within a few years of the first settlers purchasing lots in 1853; in the early 1860s, these included the Kirkwood Seminary (which closed in 1889), the Kirkwood Military Academy, St. Peter Catholic School, and Concordia Lutheran School. The first public schools in Kirkwood opened in 1866 as part of
10944-419: The two entities. The General Assembly considered several plans during this period. In March 1871, it passed a further reorganization of the County Court; the new Court would have an presiding judge elected at-large , four seats reserved to be elected by city residents, and two seats for county residents. This reform, however, pleased virtually no one pushing for reform, and it made little practical difference in
11058-446: The two most populous boroughs, are implausible. According to the census, they grew by only 0.1% and 1.6%, respectively, while the other boroughs grew by between 3% and 5%. He also stated that the census showed improbably high numbers of vacant housing in vital neighborhoods such as Jackson Heights, Queens . The District of Columbia announced in August 2011 that it would also challenge its census results. The Mayor's Office claimed that
11172-583: The years 1971–2000, recorded at Lambert–St. Louis International Airport , is 56.3 °F (13.5 °C), and average precipitation is 36 inches (910 mm). The average high temperature in July is 88.4 °F (31.3 °C), and the average low temperature in January is 22.6 °F (−5.2 °C), although these values are often exceeded. Temperatures of 0 °F (−18 °C) or below occur three days per year on average. The highest temperature ever recorded in St. Louis
11286-667: Was $ 500. The Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) was given a contract to help publicize the importance of the census count and to encourage individuals to fill out their forms. In September 2009, after controversial undercover videos showing four ACORN staffers giving tax advice to a man and a woman posing as a prostitute, the bureau canceled ACORN's contract. Various American celebrities, including Demi Lovato and Eva Longoria , were used in public service announcements targeting younger people to fill out census forms. Wilmer Valderrama and Rosario Dawson have helped spread census awareness among young Hispanics,
11400-402: Was 1.5% (316) of the population. Of the 8,844 households, 25.7% had children under the age of 18; 23.9% were married couples living together; 50.2% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 36.4% consisted of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3.0. 29.4% of
11514-455: Was 115 °F (46 °C), on July 14, 1954, while the lowest temperature on record is −23 °F (−31 °C), on January 29, 1873. Winter is the driest season, averaging about 6 inches of total precipitation. Springtime (March through May), is typically the wettest season, with under 10.5 inches. Dry spells of one or two weeks' duration are common during the growing seasons. 2010 United States Census The 2010 United States census
11628-491: Was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age in the city was 33.1 years. 28.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.2% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 10.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 44.8% male and 55.2% female. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 6.20 square miles (16.06 km), of which 6.19 square miles (16.03 km)
11742-424: Was also used in the 2000 census, with over 56,000 people identifying themselves as "Negro". In response to complaints over the word's inclusion on the 2010 census, the Census Bureau announced in 2013 that it would stop using "Negro" going forward, with the 2014 American Community Survey census form being the first without the word. Perhaps not a controversy, but yet, another challenge for the Census Bureau in 2010
11856-501: Was challenged by numerous groups on grounds questioning the board's constitutional authority. On June 25, days after the scheduled vote would have occurred, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously overturned the Missouri Supreme Court , arguing the board's land ownership requirement violated the U.S. Constitution's Equal Protection Clause . The county passed the city in population in the 1970 census when it had 951,353 compared to
11970-480: Was delivered to states. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2082. The Census Bureau did not use a long form for the 2010 census. In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, which asked for detailed social and economic information. The 2010 census used only a short form asking ten basic questions: The form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total. In contrast to
12084-575: Was elected mayor for a three-year term in April 2011 and ran unopposed in April 2014. Voter turnout in the April 2014 mayoral election was approximately 12%. In June 2020, Ella Jones (D) became the first African American and first woman to be elected mayor of Ferguson. The Ferguson Police Department is involved with the following public programs: Business Watch, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), D.A.R.E. Program, Neighborhood Watch , School Resource Officers , and Riot Patrol. Ferguson also operates
12198-487: Was established and given executive and legislative control, and in 1830, its probate functions ceased. This County Court operated as the government of St. Louis County until public scandals encouraged the state legislature to abolish it and replace it in 1859 with a Board of Commissioners . Sessions of the County Court and other county governing bodies were held in a variety of locations during this early period. The Court of Quarter Sessions held its first meeting in 1804 at
12312-460: Was established in 1785 about twelve miles northwest of St. Louis on a tributary of the Missouri River . During the 1790s, the very small settlements known as Creve Coeur and Point Labadie were built north and west of St. Louis. Upon the sale and transfer of French Louisiana to the United States on October 1, 1804, President Thomas Jefferson suggested the territory retain the districts drawn by Spanish officials during their decades-long rule of
12426-458: Was once a major industry in the county. The Charbonier Bluff along the Missouri River is an outcropping of coal and was used a fueling station for steamboats . The "St. Louis Anticline", an underground formation, has small petroleum deposits in the north part of the county. Before European settlement, the area was prairie and open parklike forest, maintained by Native Americans via burning. Trees are mainly oak , maple , and hickory , similar to
12540-409: Was succeeded by a newly created county court in 1815, composed of justices of the peace elected from the county to three-month terms. The St. Louis County Circuit Court (established in 1815 as the judicial branch of the county) was given authority in 1816 over the executive and legislative affairs of the county, superseding the court of justices of the peace. In 1821, a hybrid County and Probate Court
12654-477: Was that almost three million people selected that their race was Black and in combination with another race. This reflects societal changes in the first decade of the 21st century as hospitals had begun recognizing multiple races at the birth of a child. Thus, when parents are reporting their child's race on the census, they selected multiple races. The 2010 census contained ten questions about age, gender, ethnicity, home ownership, and household relationships. Six of
12768-424: Was the 23rd United States census . National Census Day, the reference day used for the census, was April 1, 2010. The census was taken via mail-in citizen self-reporting, with enumerators serving to spot-check randomly selected neighborhoods and communities. As part of a drive to increase the count's accuracy, 635,000 temporary enumerators were hired. The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538,
12882-468: Was the St. Ferdinand School, which was authorized by the General Assembly in 1845 and operated until 1871 when the Florissant School District was formed. From 1813 to 1830, the county initiated several changes to its government. By an act of the territorial legislature, the Court of Quarter Sessions was succeeded by a panel of three judges of common pleas in 1813. Two years later, this panel
12996-666: Was torn down in 1971 to be replaced by county government plaza and modern six-story courthouse. Several changes took place in St. Louis County education after World War II. The Florissant School District and the Ferguson School District merged in October 1951 to form the Ferguson-Florissant School District. As part of a court-ordered desegregation plan, in 1975 the Ferguson-Florissant district annexed
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