The Plant Protection Act (PPA) (part of Pub. L. 106–224 (text) (PDF) ) is a US statute relating to plant pests and noxious weeds introduced in 2000. It is currently codified at 7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq . It consolidates related responsibilities that were previously spread over various legislative statutes, including the Plant Quarantine Act , the Federal Plant Pest Act and the Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974 .
7-609: The Federal Seed Act , P.L. 76-354 (August 9, 1939), requires accurate labeling and purity standards for seeds in commerce, and prohibits the importation and movement of adulterated or misbranded seeds. The law works in conjunction with the Plant Protection Act of 2000 to authorize the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to regulate the importation of field crop, pasture and forage, or vegetable seed that may contain noxious weed seeds. USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service
14-532: Is responsible for enforcing the labeling and purity standard provisions. Title 7 Chapter 37 was authored as four titles establishing agricultural policy for the specifications of forage and vegetable seeds . [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from Jasper Womach. Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition (PDF) . Congressional Research Service . Plant Protection Act of 2000 The Plant Protection Act provides that
21-508: The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), which requires federal agencies "to the fullest extent possible" to prepare a detailed environmental impact statement (EIS) for "every ... major Federal actio[n] significantly affecting the quality of the human environment." 42 U.S.C. §4332(2)(C). The agency need not complete an EIS if it finds, based on a shorter statement known as an environmental assessment (EA), that
28-458: The PPA—until APHIS determines otherwise. However, any person may petition APHIS for a determination that a regulated article does not present a plant pest risk and therefore should not be subject to the applicable regulations. APHIS may grant such a petition in whole or in part. In determining whether to grant nonregulated status to a genetically engineered plant variety, APHIS must comply with
35-595: The Secretary of the Department of Agriculture may issue regulations "to prevent the introduction of plant pests into the United States or the dissemination of plant pests within the United States." 7 U.S.C. §7711(a). Pursuant to that grant of authority, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) promulgated regulations that presume genetically engineered plants to be "plant pests"—and thus "regulated articles" under
42-458: The genomic material of the plant itself the modified organization may petition for determination of nonregulated status. "§340.6 Petition for determination of nonregulated status. (a) General. Any person may submit to the Administrator, a petition to seek a determination that an article should not be regulated under this part." Not regulating plant varieties produced by such genetic editing
49-734: The proposed action will not have a significant environmental impact. "Plant pest" is defined by CFR Title 7 §340.1 as "Any living stage (including active and dormant forms) of insects, mites, nematodes, slugs, snails, protozoa, or other invertebrate animals, bacteria, fungi, other parasitic plants or reproductive parts thereof; viruses; or any organisms similar to or allied with any of the foregoing; or any infectious agents or substances, which can directly or indirectly injure or cause disease or damage in or to any plants or parts thereof, or any processed, manufactured, or other products of plants." Thus, if genetic engineering techniques do not include introduction of such material and only include manipulation of
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