FILI – Finnish Literature Exchange is the organisation dedicated to promoting Finnish literature abroad. Its core activity is bringing literature from Finland to the world. FILI was established in 1977 as a subdivision of the Finnish Literature Society (SKS). FILI is also part of the TAIVE network of Finnish arts information organisations, taking an active role in promoting Finnish literature abroad and participating in international projects. FILI has been involved in setting up two international literature networks: we are currently part of the NordLit network alongside our fellow organisations in the Nordic countries, and isa member of the Literature Across Frontiers network as well.
31-568: Finland is going to be the Guest of Honour at the 2014 Frankfurt Book Fair. FILI is coordinating Finland's presence at the fair in conjunction with Finnish publishers and other literary specialists, as well as key government ministries (the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of Employment and the Economy, and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs) and cultural figures. Central to this Guest of Honour project
62-806: A group of birds of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes . The alcid family includes the murres , guillemots , auklets , puffins , and murrelets . The family contains 25 extant or recently extinct species that are divided into 11 genera. Auks are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere . Apart from the extinct great auk , all auks can fly, and are excellent swimmers and divers (appearing to "fly" in water), but their walking appears clumsy. Several species have different English names in Europe and North America. The two species known as "murres" in North America are called "guillemots" in Europe, and
93-540: A long lifespan and slow reproduction. The earliest unequivocal fossils of auks are from the late Eocene , some 35 Mya. The genus Miocepphus , (from the Miocene , 15 Mya) is the earliest known from good specimens. Two very fragmentary fossils are often assigned to the Alcidae, although this may not be correct: Hydrotherikornis (Late Eocene ) and Petralca (Late Oligocene ). Most extant genera are known to exist since
124-573: A single egg, and they use the nesting site year after year. Some species, such as the Uria guillemots (murres), nest in large colonies on cliff edges; others, such as the Cepphus guillemots, breed in small groups on rocky coasts; and the puffins , auklets, and some murrelets nest in burrows. All species except the Brachyramphus murrelets are colonial. Traditionally, the auks were believed to be one of
155-581: Is an independent journal and was founded in 1967. The magazine appeared in print until the end of 2008. Finnish state award for foreign translators The FILI Advisory Board makes a recommendation regarding the recipient of the State Prize for Translation. The prize, worth EUR 15,000, is awarded since 1975 by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Angoul%C3%AAme International Comics Festival The Angoulême International Comics Festival ( French : Festival international de la bande dessinée d'Angoulême )
186-606: Is notable for awarding several prestigious prizes in cartooning. The awards at Angoulême were originally called the Alfred awards, after the pet auk from Zig et Puce by Alain Saint-Ogan . In 1989, the name changed to the Alph-art awards, honoring the final, unfinished Tintin album by Hergé . In 2003, the Alph-art name was dropped, and they are now simply called "The Official Awards of
217-501: Is the sale of translation rights. FILI is also in charge of exhibitions about Finnish culture to be staged in museums and other art institutions in Frankfurt. 'Bringing Finland-Swedish literature to the world' is a campaign funded by Svenska Kulturfonden (The Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland). It is also part of the Frankfurt 2014 themed project. The long-term objective of this campaign
248-799: Is the second largest comics festival in Europe after the Lucca Comics & Games in Italy, and the third biggest in the world after Lucca Comics & Games and the Comiket of Japan. It has occurred every year since 1974 in Angoulême , France , on the last week end of January. The Angoulême International Comics Festival was founded by French writers and editors Francis Groux [ fr ] and Jean Mardikian, and comics writer and scholar Claude Moliterni [ fr ] . Moliterni served as co-organizer of
279-966: Is to create sustainable structures to market Finland-Swedish literature around the world, while its short-term goal is to increase the number of Finland-Swedish books in translation. FILI has established its own translation and printing grant program for comics and graphic novels. FILI organizes visits for publishers of comics and graphic novels, have our own stand at the Angoulême international comics festival , and exhibit Finnish comics and graphic novels at other international book fairs. FILI helps to promote Finnish non-fiction books abroad with translation and printing grants, by producing materials about contemporary works and by exhibiting Finnish non-fiction books at international book fairs. FILI organises visits by international publishers to Finland as well as seminars for translators of Finnish non-fiction and academic books. A translation and printing grant program to help bring Finnish literature for children and young people to
310-766: The Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême is awarded each year to a living creator honoring their lifetime achievement, and the Grand Prix winner becomes president of the next year's festival. Traditionally, the president heads the prize jury of the next year's festival, illustrates the festival poster, and is given an exhibition of his or her work. Four women have been awarded the prize: french author Florence Cestac , japanese mangaka Rumiko Takahashi , canadian Julie Doucet , and british cartoonist Posy Simmonds . 45°36′N 0°10′E / 45.6°N 0.16°E / 45.6; 0.16 Auk Auks or alcids are
341-549: The Synthliboramphus murrelets should be split into a distinct tribe, as they appear more closely related to the Alcini; in any case, assumption of a closer relationship between the former and the true guillemots was only weakly supported by earlier studies. Of the genera, only a few species are placed in each. This is probably a product of the rather small geographic range of the family (the most limited of any seabird family), and
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#1732858398244372-532: The Lari suborder, which otherwise contains gulls and similar birds. Judging from genetic data, their closest living relatives appear to be the skuas , with these two lineages separating about 30 million years ago (Mya). Alternatively, auks may have split off far earlier from the rest of the Lari and undergone strong morphological, but slow genetic evolution, which would require a very high evolutionary pressure , coupled with
403-411: The fauve d'or . The prizes were reorganized too, to create a pool of 40-60 albums, called "official selections", from which are awarded the "Best Album" prize, five "Angoulême Essentials", one "Revelation Essential" (given to rookie creators), and one Essential chosen by the public. The Heritage Essential (for reprinted material) and Youth Essential are selected from separate nominee pools. Additionally,
434-409: The least auklet , at 85 g (3 oz) and 15 cm (5.9 in), to the thick-billed murre , at 1 kg (2.2 lb) and 45 cm (18 in). Due to their short wings, auks have to flap their wings very quickly to fly. Although not to the extent of penguins, auks have largely sacrificed flight, and also mobility on land, in exchange for swimming ability; their wings are a compromise between
465-585: The Atlantic during the Pliocene. Auks also tend to be restricted to continental-shelf waters and breed on few oceanic islands. Hydotherikornis oregonus (Described by Miller in 1931), the oldest purported alcid from the Eocene of California, is actually a petrel (as reviewed by Chandler in 1990) and is reassigned to the tubenoses (Procellariiformes). A 2003 paper, "The Earliest North American Record of Auk (Aves: Alcidae) From
496-723: The Atlantic existed), with later movements across the Arctic Ocean. The flightless subfamily Mancallinae , which was apparently restricted to the Pacific Coast of southern North America and became extinct in the Early Pleistocene , is sometimes included in the family Alcidae under some definitions. One species, Miomancalla howardae , is the largest charadriiform of all time. The family contains 25 extant or recently extinct species that are divided into 11 genera. The extant auks (subfamily Alcinae) are broken up into two main groups -
527-529: The International Comics Festival" ( le Palmarès Officiel du Festival international de la bande dessinée ). In 2007, Lewis Trondheim (2006 Grand Prix winner) created a mascot for the festival, Le Fauve (The Wildcat), and since 2008 the prize winners have received wildcat statuettes, with the Best Album statuette coated in gold . Since this year, the award is called the fauve and the best album,
558-573: The Late Eocene of Central Georgia", reports a Late Eocene, wing-propelled, diving auk from the Priabonain stage of the Late Eocene. These sediments have been dated through Chandronian NALMA {North American Land Mammal Age}, at an estimate of 34.5 to 35.5 million years on the Eocene time scale for fossil-bearing sediments of the Clinchfield Formation, Gordon, Wilkinson County, Georgia. Furthermore,
589-595: The Late Miocene or Early Pliocene (about 5 Mya). Miocene fossils have been found in both California and Maryland , but the greater diversity of fossils and tribes in the Pacific leads most scientists to conclude they first evolved there, and in the Miocene Pacific, the first fossils of extant genera are found. Early movement between the Pacific and the Atlantic probably happened to the south (since no northern opening to
620-413: The best possible design for diving and the bare minimum needed for flying. This varies by subfamily, with the Uria guillemots (including the razorbill ) and murrelets being the most efficient under the water, whereas the puffins and auklets are better adapted for flying and walking. The feeding behaviour of auks is often compared to that of penguins; both groups are wing -propelled, pursuit divers. In
651-502: The case of Uria guillemots, 40 m (130 ft) for the Cepphus guillemots and 30 m (98 ft) for the auklets. Auks are pelagic birds, spending the majority of their adult lives on the open sea and going ashore only for breeding, although some species, such as the common guillemot , spend a great part of the year defending their nesting spot from others. Auks are monogamous, and tend to form lifelong pairs. They typically lay
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#1732858398244682-463: The earliest distinct charadriiform lineages due to their characteristic morphology , but genetic analyses have demonstrated that these peculiarities are the product of strong natural selection, instead; as opposed to, for example, plovers (a much older charadriiform lineage), auks radically changed from a wading shorebird to a diving seabird lifestyle. Thus today, the auks are no longer separated in their own suborder (Alcae), but are considered part of
713-401: The festival through 2005. Over 200,000 visitors attend the fair every year, including between 6,000 and 7,000 professionals including approximately 2500 authors and 800 journalists. The attendance is generally difficult to estimate because the festival takes place all over town, and is divided in many different areas that are not connected to each other directly. The four-day festival
744-617: The launch phase of this 'Masterclass' project: Benelux, Berlin, Madrid, St Petersburg, Stockholm, Hungary and Estonia. BOOKS FROM FINLAND The online magazine is the only Finnish literature magazine in English language. Books from Finland is being published by the Finnish Literature Society in association with FILI – Finnish Literature Exchange and with financial assistance from the Finnish Ministry of Education. Books from Finland
775-443: The periods of glacial advance and retreat that have kept the populations on the move in a narrow band of subarctic ocean. Today, as in the past, the auks are restricted to cooler northern waters. Their ability to spread further south is restricted as their prey hunting method, pursuit diving, becomes less efficient in warmer waters. The speed at which small fish (which along with krill are the auk's principal prey) can swim doubles as
806-407: The region where auks live, their only seabird competition are cormorants (which are dive-powered by their strong feet). In areas where the two groups feed on the same prey, the auks tend to feed further offshore. Strong-swimming murres hunt faster, schooling fish, whereas auklets take slower-moving krill. Time depth recorders on auks have shown that they can dive as deep as 100 m (330 ft) in
837-918: The sediments containing this unabraded portion of a left humerus (43.7 mm long) are tropical or subtropical as evidenced by a wealth of warm-water shark teeth, palaeophied snake vertebrae, and turtles. Rhinoceros auklet Tufted puffin Horned puffin Atlantic puffin Cassin's auklet Least auklet Parakeet auklet Whiskered auklet Crested auklet Ancient murrelet Japanese murrelet Craveri's murrelet Guadalupe murrelet Scripps's murrelet Long-billed murrelet Marbled murrelet Kittlitz's murrelet Black guillemot Spectacled guillemot Pigeon guillemot Thick-billed murre Common murre Little auk † Great auk Razorbill Biodiversity of auks seems to have been markedly higher during
868-829: The species called little auk in Europe is referred to as dovekie in North America. The word "auk" / ɔː k / is derived from Icelandic álka and Norwegian alka or alke from Old Norse ālka from Proto-Germanic * alkǭ (sea-bird, auk). The family name Alcidae comes from the genus Alca given by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 for the razorbill ( Alca torda ) from the Norwegian word alke . Auks are superficially similar to penguins , having black-and-white colours, upright posture, and some of their habits. Nevertheless, they are not closely related to penguins, but rather are believed to be an example of moderate convergent evolution . Auks are monomorphic (males and females are similar in appearance). Extant auks range in size from
899-484: The temperature increases from 5 to 15 °C (41 to 59 °F), with no corresponding increase in speed for the bird. The southernmost auks, in California and Mexico, can survive there because of cold upwellings . The current paucity of auks in the Atlantic (six species), compared to the Pacific (19–20 species) is considered to be because of extinctions to the Atlantic auks; the fossil record shows many more species were in
930-413: The usually high-billed puffins (tribe Fraterculini) and auklets (tribe Aethiini), as opposed to the more slender-billed murres and true auks (tribe Alcini), and the murrelets and guillemots (tribes Brachyramphini and Cepphini). The tribal arrangement was originally based on analyses of morphology and ecology . mtDNA cytochrome b sequences , and allozyme studies confirm these findings except that
961-489: The world. FILI provides seminars for translators of children's and young people's literature, as well as hosting visits by international publishers. FILI maintains the Kolonkolonkolo children's literature portal. In 2013, FILI was piloting a new mentoring scheme for translators. This project has been set up in collaboration with seven Finnish Cultural Institutes abroad. Institutes in the following locations are taking part in