Misplaced Pages

#6993

61-674: The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum is a presidential library in Hyde Park, New York . Located on the grounds of Springwood , the Roosevelt family estate, it holds the records of Franklin Delano Roosevelt , the 32nd president of the United States (1933–1945). The library was built under the President's personal direction in 1939–1940, and dedicated on June 30, 1941. It

122-506: A Civilization, (Collins, India,) by the photographer Raghu Rai, with whom he has collaborated on magazine pieces. He is currently at work on a book about the partition of the Indian subcontinent. Ward is involved in the world of jazz and has collaborated with Wynton Marsalis and the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra. After the documentary Jazz was aired on public television, in an interview in

183-435: A NARA facility. Until 1978, presidents, scholars, and legal professionals held the view dating back to George Washington that the records created by the president or his staff while in office remained the personal property of the president and were his to take with him when he left office. The first presidential libraries were built on this concept. NARA successfully persuaded presidents to donate their historical materials to

244-720: A facility in Hoffman Estates, Illinois , and except for classified materials are available through FOIA since 2023. Geoffrey C. Ward Ward was born in Newark, Ohio , and is a graduate of Oberlin College (1962), where he majored in art. He had initially planned to be a painter. His father was F. Champion Ward, educator and a vice-president of the Ford Foundation . Ward spent some of his boyhood years in India. Ward's great-grandfather

305-410: A full-scale renovation in the 21st century, its first, reopening on June 30, 2013. Funded by a combination of public support and private donations, the multi-million dollar renovation included expanded exhibit space, HVAC updates, and research room improvements. Members of the Roosevelt family and the historian Geoffrey Ward spoke at a re-dedication ceremony that day. In early planning for the library

366-473: A ground plan roughly approximating that of the main block today. The building was designed by principal architect Louis A. Simon and consulting architect Henry J. Toombs based on his sketches by Roosevelt himself It was built with privately donated funds, at a cost of $ 376,000, and turned-over to the federal government on July 4, 1940, to be operated by the National Archives. Said Robert D.W. Connor ,

427-498: A million museum objects. These varied holdings make each library a valuable source of information and a center for research on the Presidency. The most important textual materials in each library are those created by the president and his staff in the course of performing the official duties. Libraries also house numerous objects including family heirlooms, items collected by the president and his family, campaign memorabilia, awards, and

488-583: A multi-part TV series " The Vietnam War ", with Lynn Novick and Ken Burns (broadcast on PBS in September 2017). In 2012, Ward published a biography of his great-grandfather Ferdinand Ward (1851–1925), known as the greatest swindler of the Gilded Age. A Disposition to be Rich was written with the assistance of private family materials. Ward spent some of his boyhood years in India and has remained involved with India and in Indian issues. Working and writing about

549-566: Is being produced at Cumberland University . A similar project is underway on behalf of James Madison by the Universities of Virginia and Chicago. For many presidents, especially before the development of the NARA system, substantial collections may be found in multiple private and public collections. Until the Obama Administration's library is ready for service, its papers are being held in

610-657: Is buried at his museum in Grand Rapids , while the library is in Ann Arbor . This is a list of the presidential libraries. Grover Cleveland and Woodrow Wilson left their papers to Princeton University where they may be found at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library . The Theodore Roosevelt Association collected Theodore Roosevelt's papers and donated them to Harvard University in 1943, where they reside at its Widener and Houghton libraries. James Buchanan left his papers to

671-559: Is married to the writer and social/environmental activist Diane Raines Ward. He has three children. When he was nine years old, Ward contracted poliomyelitis , and wears leg braces. He describes hearing Louis Armstrong 's recording of " West End Blues " on the radio while in the hospital and noted its profound impact on his life. He later cited Franklin Roosevelt as a source of inspiration on how to overcome his handicap. When interviewed for The Roosevelts , Ward "was determined not to get emotional", as Ken Burns said later, when discussing

SECTION 10

#1733106672007

732-551: Is operated by the National Park Service and the Western Reserve Historical Society . In 1939, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt donated his personal and presidential papers to the federal government. At the same time, Roosevelt pledged part of his estate at Hyde Park, New York , to the United States, and friends of the president formed a non-profit corporation to raise funds for the construction of

793-515: Is part of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). These are repositories for preserving and making available the papers, records, collections and other historical materials of every president of the United States since Herbert Hoover , the 31st president from 1929–1933 . In addition to the library services, museum exhibitions concerning the presidency are displayed. Although recognized as having historical significance, before

854-683: Is the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum , dedicated on June 30, 1941. The George W. Bush Presidential Center became the thirteenth on May 1, 2013. The National Archives and Records Administration uses a passport to promote visiting the Presidential libraries. When a person visits every library, NARA awards them a crystal paperweight. The presidential library system is made up of thirteen presidential libraries operated fully, or partially, by NARA. Libraries and museums have been established for earlier presidents, but they are not part of

915-459: Is the first presidential library in the United States and one of the thirteen presidential libraries under the auspices of the National Archives and Records Administration . Roosevelt was both an avid collector of memorabilia and amateur historian. As a then two-term president who had presided over a sweeping and dramatic phase of the nation's history during the Great Depression, he recognized

976-668: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, where they may still be found. The Papers of Andrew Jackson is a project sponsored by the University of Tennessee at Knoxville to collect Andrew Jackson 's papers on microfilm. A microfilm edition of Martin Van Buren 's papers was produced at Pennsylvania State University in 1987; a digital edition of the Papers of Martin Van Buren

1037-583: The Library of Congress and private repositories. Franklin D. Roosevelt changed this pattern, by becoming the first president to make his papers available to the public by donating them intact to the government. These covered both all his public service, as New York state senator (1911–13), assistant secretary of the Navy (1913–20), governor of New York (1929–32), and President of the United States (1933–45), and his private collections of papers, books, and memorabilia on

1098-624: The North Dakota Legislative Assembly passed a bill appropriating $ 12 million to Dickinson State University to award a grant to the Theodore Roosevelt Center for construction of a building to be named the Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library. To access these funds, the Theodore Roosevelt Center must first raise $ 3 million from non-state sources. Dickinson State University is also home to

1159-680: The Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library which has formed partnerships with the Library of Congress and Harvard University, among other institutions. They currently have over 25,000 items online. On April 12, 2016, Harding 2020, a collaboration between the Harding Home , Ohio History Connection , and Marion Technical College , detailed plans to spend $ 7.3 million to establish the Warren G. Harding Presidential Center . Plans include restoring

1220-731: The William Jefferson Clinton Presidential Center in Little Rock. George W. Bush will be buried at the George W. Bush Presidential Center in Dallas. The future burial sites of 44th president Barack Obama , 45th and 47th president Donald Trump , and 46th president Joe Biden are still unknown. Unlike all other presidents whose libraries are part of the NARA system, Ford's library and museum are geographically separate buildings, located in different parts of Michigan ; Ford

1281-432: The "terror" felt by FDR during his ordeal in 1921; Burns did not mention Ward's disability on camera, but he had waited until the end of their interview before getting to questions on FDR's polio, at which point Ward "was taken aback and the emotions caught him". Ward considers British broadcaster and naturalist David Attenborough to be "the best television writer in the history of the medium." Ward describes himself as

SECTION 20

#1733106672007

1342-783: The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt , won the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Francis Parkman Prize of the Society of American Historians and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize . Ward has been a long-time collaborator of American documentary filmmaker Ken Burns . Ward describes being asked to write the script for Huey Long after meeting Burns at his house in Walpole, New Hampshire. The principal writer of

1403-644: The Harding Home, Warren G. Harding 's historic home in Marion, Ohio , and its grounds to its 1920 appearance. A 15,000-square-foot presidential center and museum will also be built adjacent to the house. Harding's presidential papers will then be moved from its current location at the Ohio History Connection's headquarters in Columbus, Ohio , to the new center. The culmination of the work, scheduled to be completed by

1464-602: The Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress , others are split among other libraries, historical societies, and private collections. However, many materials have been lost or deliberately destroyed. Lucretia Rudolph Garfield , the wife of James A. Garfield (president from March 4, 1881, until his death on September 19, 1881) added a Memorial Library wing to their family home in Mentor, Ohio , four years after his assassination. The James A. Garfield National Historic Site

1525-602: The NARA presidential library system, and are operated by private foundations, historical societies, or state governments, including the James K. Polk , William McKinley , Rutherford B. Hayes , Calvin Coolidge , Abraham Lincoln and Woodrow Wilson libraries. For example, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is owned and operated by the state of Illinois . The Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace

1586-540: The New York Times, Ward spoke of playing West End Blues by Louis Armstrong , as a 15-year-old student, so often that the bartender in the Paris cafe across the street from his student housing called him 'Satchmo': "I must have played it a thousand times," he remembered. "I think jazz music is so important to this country.... I find these characters, Armstrong, Ellington, working in a Jim Crow world, genuinely heroic."" Ward

1647-831: The Nixon Foundation would continue to own the campus and operate the Nixon Library complex with NARA. On October 16, 2006, Dr. Timothy Naftali began his tenure as the first federal director of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace, and in the winter of 2006 NARA began to transfer the 30,000 presidential gifts from the Nixon Presidential Materials Staff in College Park, Maryland, to the Yorba Linda facility. On July 11, 2007, NARA began its operations at

1708-537: The Nixon Library site and the facility's name was changed to Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum. In May 2012, on the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the Ulysses S. Grant Foundation, it selected Mississippi State University as the permanent location for Ulysses S. Grant's presidential library. Historian John Simon edited Grant's letters into a 32-volume scholarly edition published by Southern Illinois University Press. On April 30, 2013, both chambers of

1769-662: The Nixon White House (1969–1973), under the Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act of 1974. The Presidential Records Act of 1978 established that the presidential records that document the constitutional, statutory, and ceremonial duties of the president are the property of the United States Government. When the president leaves office, the Archivist of the United States assumes custody of

1830-443: The President expressed the hope that Eleanor Roosevelt 's papers would eventually find a place here. In 1942 President Roosevelt made a rough sketch for wings to be added on to the north and south sides of the building should additional space be needed for her papers. At the time of her death in 1962 Mrs. Roosevelt's papers totaled three million pages. During her tenure at the library (1961–1969), Elizabeth B. Drewry raised funds for

1891-638: The documentary Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson , won the Writers Guild of America Award in 2005, and the accompanying book won the 2006 William Hill Sports Book of the Year and the Anisfield-Wolf Award for best biography. In 2006, the Organization of American Historians gave Ward their Friend of History Award for his outstanding contributions to American history: Over

Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum - Misplaced Pages Continue

1952-456: The establishment of a federally operated Richard Nixon Presidential Library in Yorba Linda, California . In March 2005, the Archivist of the United States and John Taylor, the director of the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation, exchanged letters on the requirements to allow the Nixon Library to become the twelfth federally funded presidential library operated by NARA by 2007, while

2013-471: The exception of John F. Kennedy , Lyndon B. Johnson , and (upon his own death) Jimmy Carter , every American president since Hoover is or has chosen to be buried at their presidential library. Kennedy is buried at Arlington National Cemetery ; Johnson is buried at his ranch in the hill country of Texas, west of Austin; Carter plans to be buried near his home in Plains, Georgia . Bill Clinton will be buried at

2074-507: The federal government for housing in a presidential library managed by NARA. Apart from the presidency of Richard Nixon, the handling of presidential records by NARA for the presidencies of Hoover through Carter (1929–1969, and 1973–1980) are governed by their deeds of gift , whereby the public took ownership of the records of each president. In the wake of the Watergate scandal , Congress asserted public ownership and control of materials from

2135-531: The first Archivist of the United States , of the President making his papers openly available to scholars, "Franklin D. Roosevelt is the nation's answer to the historian's prayer." The facility was already overcrowded when completed in 1940, because Roosevelt did not expect to serve as president for more than two terms. A 1950 estimate stated that the library contained 50 million items, including 16,000 books, 15,000 photographs, 275,000 feet (84,000 m) of movie film, and 300 sound recordings. The library underwent

2196-663: The former president must raise, if they do decide to build a NARA owned facility. According to NARA, not only are the digital nature of modern records changing the needs, plans, and lessening space requirements of physical storage, but the significantly increased endowment requirement may lessen the likelihood that present and future presidents will continue to build NARA facilities. The thirteen presidential libraries maintain over 400 million pages of textual materials; nearly ten million photographs; over 15 million feet (5,000 km) of motion picture film; nearly 100,000 hours of disc, audiotape, and videotape recordings; and approximately half

2257-419: The former president's life and career both political and professional. Each library also provides an active series of public programs. When a president leaves office, the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) establishes a presidential materials project to house and index the documents until a new presidential library is built and transferred to the federal government. The first presidential library

2318-617: The government and ensured the preservation of presidential papers and their availability to the people of the United States. Under this and subsequent acts, nine more libraries have been established. In each case, private and non-federal public sources provided the funds to build the library. Generally, once completed the private organization turned over the libraries to the National Archives and Records Administration to operate and maintain. The library and museum founded for Richard Nixon remained privately owned and managed for many years, but his heirs ultimately reached an agreement for it to become

2379-413: The history of the U.S. Navy and Dutchess County, New York . The Library sits on the grounds of the Roosevelt family's Hyde Park estate . It is built of Hudson Valley fieldstone in the style reminiscent of the local Dutch colonial architecture which he favored. A sketch made by President Roosevelt dated April 12, 1937, shows the proposed building placed very close to the site ultimately chosen, and

2440-439: The last twenty years Geoffrey Ward's writings on American History have had a greater influence and reached a wider audience than those of any other American writer and historian. [His] work is always his own, but he has also helped free ideas that otherwise might have been imprisoned in the academy and helped them find a wider world. He has helped academic historians understand the possibilities, limits, and demands of what has become

2501-408: The libraries for presidents Hoover to George W. Bush eventually conformed to a model whereby the former president funded or fundraised and built a facility for NARA to house the library, presidents are not required to do so under the law (Nixon's was not under NARA for many years). Nonetheless, according to NARA as of 2023, recent changes in these laws have increased significantly the amount of endowment

Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum - Misplaced Pages Continue

2562-451: The library and museum building. Roosevelt's decision stemmed from his belief that presidential papers were an important part of the national heritage and should be accessible to the public. He asked the National Archives to take custody of his papers and other historical materials and to administer his library. On June 30, 2013, new interactive and multimedia exhibits developed by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) opened to

2623-580: The library he delivered several of his famous War-era radio speeches or " fireside chats ". President Roosevelt paid his last visit to Hyde Park in March 1945 and died on April 12 at Warm Springs, Georgia , at age sixty-three. Presidential library system In the United States , the presidential library system is a nationwide network of 16 libraries administered by the Office of Presidential Libraries, which

2684-408: The many gifts given to the president by American citizens and foreign dignitaries. These gifts range in type from homemade items to valuable works of art. Curators in presidential libraries and in other museums throughout the country draw upon these collections for historical exhibits. Other significant holdings include the personal papers and historical materials donated by individuals associated with

2745-463: The medium through which most Americans now get their history." The 2011 Burns/Ward collaboration, Prohibition , brought Ward his seventh Emmy for Outstanding Writing for Nonfiction Programming. Since that project, he worked with Ken Burns on The Roosevelts: An Intimate History , a seven-part documentary miniseries depicting the lives of Theodore Roosevelt , Franklin D. Roosevelt , and Eleanor Roosevelt , (broadcast on PBS in September 2014), and

2806-520: The mid-20th century presidential papers and effects were generally understood to be the private property of the president. Franklin D. Roosevelt (32nd president, 1933–1945) proposed to leave his papers to the public in a building donated by him on his Hyde Park, New York, estate. Since then, a series of laws established the public keeping of documents and the presidential library system. While not sanctioned and maintained by NARA, libraries have also been organized for several presidents who preceded Hoover and

2867-408: The museum. The museum section of the building opened June 30, 1941. However, the onset of World War II changed Roosevelt's plans, and the official opening of the library as a research facility was deferred as the president served a third term and then was elected to a fourth term in 1944. He visited the library often during the war to sort and classify his records and memorabilia; and from his study in

2928-434: The need for a facility to house the vast quantity of historical papers, books, and memorabilia he had accumulated during a lifetime of public service and private collecting. The library he subsequently commissioned was built by Philadelphia contractor John McShain , on 16 acres (6.5 ha) of land donated by Roosevelt and his mother, Sara . Margaret Suckley , who acted as Roosevelt's personal archivist during his life,

2989-567: The nonprofit Obama Foundation will partner with the NARA on digitization and making documents available. The Chicago Park District began related construction in August and suspended it in September 2018. It was announced that the city of Chicago would own the center. Historically, all presidential papers were considered the personal property of the president. Some took them at the end of their terms, others destroyed them, and many papers were scattered. Though many pre-Hoover collections now reside in

3050-727: The official start of the Presidential Library Office. The library sites are sometimes referred to as presidential centers . The Barack Obama Presidential Center (44th president, 2009–2017 ) is the most recent library, and operates under a new model. The Barack Obama Presidential Library is fully digitized, preserved, and administered by NARA with archival materials lent to the privately operated Presidential Center for display. For every president since Herbert Hoover , presidential libraries have been established in each president's home state in which documents, artifacts, gifts of state and museum exhibits are maintained that relate to

3111-452: The ongoing struggle to save the Bengal tiger in the wild has meant friendships with great tiger men like Fateh Singh Rathore and Billy Arjan Singh . His essays and pieces on India have appeared in a wide array of publications, including Geo , Audubon , National Geographic , Smithsonian , Aperture and others. In 2011, he wrote an introduction for the book Varanasi: Portrait of

SECTION 50

#1733106672007

3172-508: The papers of future presidents; all of the presidents from Herbert Hoover to George W. Bush have a presidential center overseen by the National Archives. Official presidential papers became public property as a result of the Presidential Records Act of 1978, backed by legislation limiting the size and financing of presidential museums. Roosevelt hoped the library would become an important research center and attract visitors to

3233-547: The president. These individuals may include Cabinet officials , envoys to foreign governments, political party associates, and the president's family and personal friends. Several libraries have undertaken oral history programs that have produced tape-recorded memoirs. A third body of materials comprises the papers accumulated by the president prior to, and following, his presidency. Such collections include documents relating to Theodore Roosevelt's tenure as Governor of New York and Dwight D. Eisenhower 's long military career. With

3294-522: The public as part of the first renovation of this library since its opening. In 1950, Harry S. Truman decided that he, too, would build a library to house his presidential papers and helped to galvanize congressional action. In 1955, Congress passed the Presidential Libraries Act of 1955, establishing a system of privately erected and federally maintained libraries. The Act encouraged other presidents to donate their historical materials to

3355-556: The records. The Act allowed for the continuation of presidential libraries as the repository for presidential records. The Presidential Libraries Act of 1986 made additional changes to presidential libraries, requiring private endowments linked to the size of the facility. NARA uses these endowments to offset a portion of the maintenance costs for the library. The Presidential Historical Records Preservation Act of 2008 amended 44 U.S.C.   § 2504 to authorize grants for Presidential Centers of Historical Excellence. While

3416-483: The spring of 2020, is to coincide with the 100th anniversary of Harding's election to the presidency. In May 2017, it was announced that the Barack Obama Presidential Center , the planned location of the presidential library of Barack Obama , would not be part of the NARA system, making Obama the first president since Calvin Coolidge not to have a federally funded facility. Instead, in a "new model"

3477-415: The television mini-series The Civil War (1990), Ward has collaborated with its co-producer Ken Burns on most of the documentaries he has made since, including Jazz , Baseball , The War , and The Vietnam War . The films with Burns have garnered him five Emmy Awards . He has won an additional two Emmys for The Kennedys (1992), and TR, The Story of Theodore Roosevelt (1996). His script for

3538-413: The wings to house Eleanor Roosevelt's papers. Construction was completed in 1972. The library contains the donated papers of others associated with Roosevelt, such as Henry Morgenthau Jr. 's diary of 840 volumes. Using Roosevelt's actions as a precedent, Congress passed the Presidential Libraries Act in 1955. It regularized the procedures for privately built and federally maintained libraries to preserve

3599-474: Was Ferdinand Ward , a 19th-century swindler whose ponzi scheme lead to a financial crash which bankrupted many investors, including Ulysses S. Grant and Thomas Nast . Ward wrote a book about the story of his great-grandfather, A Disposition to be Rich, in 2012. Ward was the founding editor of Audience Magazine (1970–1973) and the editor of American Heritage Magazine (1977–1982). His 1989 biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt , A First-class Temperament:

3660-521: Was involved in the establishment of the library and served as its archivist for its first two decades. Prior to Roosevelt's presidency, the final disposition of Presidential papers was left to chance. Although a valued part of the nation's heritage, the papers of chief executives were private property which they took with them upon leaving office. Some were sold or destroyed, while others remained with families but inaccessible to scholars for long periods of time. Ultimately some collections found their way into

3721-477: Was not originally part of the presidential library system. While the Nixon Presidential Materials Staff, which administers the Nixon presidential materials under the terms of the Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act , is part of NARA, the private nonprofit Richard Nixon Foundation owned and operated the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace. In January 2004, Congress passed legislation that provided for

SECTION 60

#1733106672007
#6993