The Don Valley Brick Works (often referred to as the Evergreen Brick Works ) is a former quarry and industrial site located in the Don River Valley in Toronto, Ontario , Canada. The Don Valley Brick Works operated for nearly 100 years and provided bricks used to construct many well-known Toronto landmarks, such as Casa Loma , Osgoode Hall , Massey Hall , and the Ontario Legislature . Since the closure of the original factory, the quarry has been converted into a city park which includes a series of naturalized ponds, while the buildings have been restored and opened as an environmentally focused community and cultural centre by Evergreen, a national charity dedicated to restoring nature in urban environments.
41-514: The Don Valley Brick Works was created in 1889 by the Taylor brothers. John Taylor and his brothers, William and George, had purchased the site in the Don Valley in the 1830s where they established a paper mill. While digging post holes to make a fence, William came across some good quality clay. He took a sample to a local brick works where it was confirmed that it would make a high quality brick. A quarry
82-560: A Canadian non-profit organization whose activities have included stewardship of the Don Valley Brick Works buildings site since 2008, has transformed the abandoned buildings into a cultural centre with a focus on the environment. Having leased the "industrial pad" portion of the site from the Toronto Region and Conservation Authority, Evergreen has renovated several of the existing structures and constructed one new building known as
123-500: A city dump for years. In 1994, restoration of the site began. The quarry was filled in using material from the excavation of the Scotia Plaza tower in downtown Toronto. Once filled, the site was landscaped to create a series of three ponds using water diverted from Mud Creek. The water flows out of the ponds into a channel that was used to divert water into the brick plant. The channel then flows underneath Bayview Avenue and back into
164-464: A major flooding event in southern Ontario, Evergreen Brick Works experienced severe flood damage. While it was built to mitigate weather-related risk, using 20,000 litre rain barrels, permeable materials, and green spaces designed to support stormwater absorption, the site is located on a flood plain and was not able to withstand the extent of the flooding. Owners of on-site eatery the Picnic Café estimated
205-581: A pioneer in the pulp and paper industry . The Taylor family immigrated to Upper Canada (via Cherry Valley, New York ) in 1821 from Uttoxeter, Staffordshire . By 1834, John Taylor and his brothers, Thomas and George, moved from the village of Vaughan to the Township of York , north-east of the newly created city of Toronto. The brothers set their sights on the banks of the Don River , an area with an already burgeoning pulp and paper industry. The 1850s brought
246-611: A raw source for paper. A talented mechanic with a gift for invention, John Taylor tested several methods making paper out of wood pulp . The use of wood as a cellulosic feedstock was the first major technological break-through in paper-making in 1,700 years. This advancement dramatically transformed the industry and earned Taylor a place as a pioneer in the technical development of Canada's paper industry . Brothers Thomas Taylor (1813–1880), William Taylor and George Taylor went on to create Toronto Brick . Thomas died April 21, 1880, and George on May 17, 1894. The Taylor family held onto
287-547: A steel skeleton to bear structural loads, the tower employs high strength reinforced concrete. The tower's two low-rise wings extend east to 104 Yonge Street and north to 11 Adelaide Street West. The Adelaide wing incorporates the historic façade of the Wood Gundy Building, previously located at 40 King Street West, and Yonge Street wing incorporates the Dunfield Building. Essential to the project during construction
328-529: A wave of expansion to the paper industry in Toronto. By this time, Toronto's population had grown to over thirty thousand and this growing community was also becoming more literate, increasing the demand for books and newspapers. The Taylor family business was also expanding: the brothers had already built their first paper mill on the West Don in 1846; in 1851 they purchased a water-powered saw mill, and also purchased
369-465: Is also available from Davisville subway station by bus route 28 Bayview South. Design and construction was a joint venture between Du Toit Allsopp Hiller Architects, Diamond Schmitt Architects, and several other prominent firms. DTAH is responsible for the master planning, while Diamond Schmitt are the designers of the new building, which includes the Young Welcome Centre. Other programming for
410-500: The Bay Adelaide Centre complex. The bank continues to retain a significant corporate presence at Scotia Plaza, having renewed a 560,000-square-foot lease in 2021. The tower incorporates the historic Beaux-Arts Bank of Nova Scotia Building at 44 King Street West, by architects Mathers and Haldenby with Beck and Eadie, built between 1946 and 1951 on the site of Cawthra House . The 115 m (377 ft), 27-storey structure
451-811: The Circle of the Provinces which houses the teller services for the Bank of Nova Scotia's main branch. WZMH Architects designed the modern tower which was built between 1985 and 1988. Excavation for the tower extended 33.5 m (110 ft), the deepest for a building in Canada's history. The tower consists of 68 storeys above ground and 6 storeys below ground with a parallelogram floorplan. Red Napoleon Granite, quarried in Sweden , cut and polished in Italy , then imported to Canada, covers much of
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#1732852797627492-624: The glacial history of southern Ontario. This area, referred to as the Toronto Brickyard, was designated as an earth science Area of Natural and Scientific Interest (ANSI) by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources in 2009 for exhibiting "Ordovician Georgian Bay Formation, Illinoian Glacial York Till, Sangamonian Interglacial Don Formation and Wisconsian Glacial Scarborough delta, Pottery Road sediments and Sunnybrook Till all overlain by North Bay Interstadial, Lake Iroquois sands." Evergreen,
533-501: The 10 finalists in its Geotourism Challenge 2009, "a global competition of tourism-related projects that promote natural and cultural heritage while improving the well-being of the local people". The 10 finalists were chosen from 610 entries from 81 countries. Since 2010 the Evergreen Brick Works has been home to the private school Gradale Academy. Outward Bound Canada has operated out of the location since 2011. In 2024, during
574-408: The 1980s most of the usable clay and shale had been quarried. The company decided to offer the land to the city for $ 4 million CAD for conservation purposes. However, a company called Torvalley Associates offered $ 4,001,000 for the site and purchased the site. East York Council allowed the site to be re-zoned for a housing development. The Toronto and Region Conservation Authority had final say on
615-533: The 52nd tallest building in North America . It is connected to the PATH network, and contains 190,000 m (2,045,143 sq ft) of office space on 68 floors and 40 retail stores. Olympia and York developed the complex as an expansion of the adjacent headquarters of Scotiabank and the bank continues to occupy approximately 24 floors of the structure. Olympia and York owned the complex from its completion until
656-530: The Brick Works and have established themselves. This includes ducks , Canada geese , toads , muskrats , sparrows , and others. The Brick Works wetland is connected to a number of other nature reserve areas via forest trail, and is part of a larger effort to reestablish the Don Valley watershed . The north quarry wall was the site of a number of important geological discoveries which provided information on
697-601: The Brick Works supplied the brick for much of the ensuing construction. In 1909, the Taylors sold the company to Robert Davies (a brother-in-law married to sister Margaret Anne Taylor ). Davies changed the name to the Don Valley Brick Company Limited . In the 1920s a major expansion resulted in a name change to the Don Valley Brick Works Limited . Electricity was added and a new sand-lime plant
738-452: The Centre for Green Cities. The goal of the revitalization is adaptive reuse, where most of the buildings will be reinforced where needed and repurposed to house the new programming planned for the site. In this way, the site can be recycled as much as possible and the historical integrity of the Don Valley Brick Works can be maintained. Evergreen Brick Works will be an education centre addressing
779-556: The Don River. The remaining area was turned into meadow. The shores of the ponds were planted with native trees, shrubs and wildflowers. The site was officially opened in 1997 and christened the Weston Family Quarry Garden . The Beltline Trail , along the path of the old Toronto Belt Line Railway , passes by the Brick Works. Since then, the site has attracted many species of birds and animals. Although no fish were stocked in
820-495: The York Paper Mill (later named Todmorden Mills ) in 1855. The Taylor mills produced manila paper , newsprint and felt paper, a product used in roofing . The mills were extremely productive and employed 100 people by the 1900s. John, the oldest of the three brothers, was the manager of the mills. In 1854, London, England offered a reward of £1,000 to anyone who could find a cheaper and more abundant substitute for rags as
861-489: The business until George's son William Taylor sold interest to his Robert T. Davies in 1909. John Taylor died unexpectedly on May 13, 1871, at the age of sixty-two. His brothers went on to establish the Don Valley Brick Works in 1889. The Taylor name lives on in Toronto as the name of a tributary of the city's Don river, called Taylor Creek . Scotia Plaza Scotia Plaza is a commercial skyscraper in
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#1732852797627902-407: The city of Toronto , Ontario , Canada . Originally built to serve as the global headquarters of Canadian bank Scotiabank , it is in the financial district of the downtown core bordered by Yonge Street on the east, King Street West on the south, Bay Street on the west, and Adelaide Street West on the north. At 275 m (902 ft), Scotia Plaza is Canada's third tallest skyscraper and
943-524: The company was liquidated due to overwhelming debt in 1993. Scotiabank led a consortium of banks to purchase the mortgage for Scotia Plaza and over the next five years, it purchased additional shares from its partners until it was the property's majority owner. On January 19, 2012, Scotiabank announced it would sell the iconic building and on May 22, announced a final agreement with Dundee Real Estate Investment Trust (now Dream Office REIT) and H&R Real Estate Investment Trust for $ 1.27 billion, making it
984-573: The continent. The bricks made were of such good quality that they won prizes at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893 and the Toronto Industrial Fair in 1894. In 1893, the company added a continuous down-draft kiln which increased the quality and amount of bricks produced. By 1907 the company had two of these kilns in operation and was producing between 85,000 and 100,000 bricks per day. After a 1904 major fire destroyed much of downtown Toronto,
1025-422: The cost of repairs of the café alone at $ 200,000 to $ 300,000. As of 26 July 2024, the non-profit that operates Evergreen Brick Works was continuing to raise money to support repairs. 43°41′05″N 79°21′55″W / 43.684667°N 79.36528°W / 43.684667; -79.36528 John Taylor (paper manufacturer) John Taylor (1809–1871) was a British-born Toronto -area businessman and
1066-416: The exterior and many interior surfaces. Windows are dark tinted glass framed by the granite. The north and south facades follow a step profile giving many floors over 12 desirable corner offices . The east and west façades feature a deeply recessed, stepped-chevron extending between floors 56 and 68. The area within the chevron is covered with the same glass in metal frames, creating a visual void. Instead of
1107-402: The last of Canada's major banks to divest ownership of its Toronto headquarters property. In 2016, H&R and Dream sold 50% of the building to KingSett Capital and AIMCo ; in 2017, Dream sold its remaining 50% stake in 2017 to the same two companies. In 2022, Scotiabank relocated its global head office to the recently completed Scotiabank North tower at 40 Temperance Street in Toronto, part of
1148-409: The matter since the site was partially on the floodplain of the valley. They expropriated the land in 1987 but were forced to pay approximately $ 14,000,000 since the land was zoned as residential. Another company, Brampton Brick leased the site and purchased the remaining equipment. They operated a retail outlet at the site until 1991. The fill in of the quarry began in the late 1940s. It was used as
1189-462: The ponds, fish have migrated into the ponds from the Don River. The ponds have also become a dumping ground for goldfish and red-eared slider turtles that have outgrown their home terrariums. The park section of the Brick Works, managed by the City of Toronto, includes a series of three ponds, a large meadow and a small forest. The ponds are fed by a diversion pipe running from Mud Creek which flows just to
1230-435: The site includes art exhibits, children's programming, garden centre, and office space for Evergreen and other environmental organizations. Restoration to the building include structural reinforcement, and replacement of material such as the current asbestos transite roofing in favour of a more effective, longer lasting material. Several of the buildings were left without roof cladding in order to create open air spaces, leaving
1271-454: The south end of the site, are all rectilinear buildings arranged in a grid-like pattern, connected wherever the users saw a need. In 1956, United Ceramics Limited of Germany acquired the Brick Works. Over the next 25 years a new sand-lime plant was constructed. Also a Parkhill Martin Brick machine was moved from a nearby brick works to this site. It produced soft-mud bricks for the antique market. By
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1312-556: The steel trusses visible. The building's red-brick masonry was preserved as much as possible, while interiors were renovated to update plumbing, life safety and mechanical systems, as outlined in Evergreen's Master Plan Update 2007. Each building has programming set aside for it in DTAH's planning scheme, such that the project can continue to expand as funds become available. In 2009, National Geographic Traveler named Evergreen Brick Works one of
1353-416: The themes of nature, culture and community. [...] [I]t will be a destination for families and individuals to enjoy a natural refuge, while sampling a rich offering of programs and services - from gardening workshops, heritage tours, and clay-making and organic food markets, to a retail nursery, demonstration gardens and leading-edge green design techniques. $ 20 million of the project's $ 55-million dollar budget
1394-417: The war a building boom revived demand. However, the sand-lime plant was destroyed by fire in 1946. Also the plant consolidated its outbuildings and three of the four signature chimneys were knocked down. Only one chimney remains today. The site underwent many changes during its existence, adding and removing buildings whenever and wherever it was conducive to the brick making process. The buildings, cluttered on
1435-572: The west of the Brick Works. Initially, the area adjacent to the ponds was planted with species native to Ontario. This also included some species that are not locally native including tulip tree , fragrant sumac and eastern redbud . These Carolinian species, typically found farther south, are at the northern limit of their range in Toronto. Once the wetlands became established, many species of birds have visited to forage or breed. Mammals, reptiles (including Midland painted turtle and snapping turtle), amphibians, and some fish have also found their way to
1476-618: The winters, the men would sleep inside the Brick Works kilns. The company also operated a brick making facility in Birch Cliff from 1913 to 1963 on what was once a sand and gravel quarry. John Price Limited, a smaller brickmaker in east end Toronto on Greenwood Avenue was acquired then merged into the Toronto Brick Company and ceased operating in 1935. During World War II , production was reduced. The plant used German prisoners of war that were housed at nearby Todmorden Mills . After
1517-600: Was added that created a less expensive brick used for interior construction. In 1928, the company was sold to Strathgowan Investments and was renamed again to the Toronto Brick Company . At this time the company had reached peak production of about 25 million bricks per year. During the Great Depression , the area to the south of the Brick Works became a large encampment of indigent men from around Canada. They built shanties and were assisted by Toronto residents. During
1558-501: Was designated as significant under the Ontario Heritage Act by the City of Toronto in 1975 and was renovated with a historically sensitive design that includes a 14- storey glass atrium connecting it to the new structure. The atrium houses a large banking hall incorporating architectural features from both the historic and modern components of the complex and includes a 40-metre (131 ft) large, metal structure referred to as
1599-414: Was placed into moulds and machine pressed. A third process called stiff-mud used a mixture of clay and shale that used less water than the soft-mud process. A column of clay was forced through a die which was then cut to form using a wire. Finished product was shipped by cart out of the valley along Pottery Road or by rail on a spur built into the yard. Bricks were used mostly in Toronto but were used across
1640-591: Was pledged by the federal government under the Canada Strategic Infrastructure Fund, and the Province of Ontario contributed an additional $ 10 million. The construction process began in November 2008, and grand opening of Evergreen Brick Works took place September 28, 2010. The complex is now open to the public, with regular shuttle bus service running daily from Broadview Subway Station . Public transit
1681-467: Was soon established at the north end of the site and a brick making plant was built at the south end of the property near the Don River. The Don Valley Pressed Brick Company produced bricks using three techniques. The first was called a soft-mud process. Clay quarried from the site was mixed with water from nearby Mud Creek , placed in moulds which were dried and then baked in kilns. A second technique called dry-press bricks used quarried shale. The shale