Eurostile is a geometric sans-serif typeface designed by Aldo Novarese in 1962. Novarese created Eurostile for one of the best-known Italian foundries , Nebiolo , in Turin .
55-405: Novarese developed Eurostile to succeed the similar Microgramma , which he had helped design. Microgramma was a titling font with only uppercase letters, which came with a variety of weights. A decade after Microgramma, Novarese resolved this limitation with his design of Eurostile, which added lowercase letters, a bold condensed variant, and an ultra narrow design he called Eurostile Compact, for
110-482: A Letraset typeface. Early typesetters (like the AM Varityper) also incorporated it. Novarese later developed Eurostile in 1962, (a normal and condensed typeface variant) very similar to Microgramma. Eurostile added lower-case letters, a bold condensed variant, and an ultra narrow design he called Eurostile Compact. Microgramma is almost always used in its extended and bold extended forms (pictured). Initially, it
165-487: A subatomic particle . Thus electron, muon, and tau neutrinos are denoted ν e ν μ and ν τ . A particle may be distinguished by multiple subscripts, such as Ω bbb for the triple bottom omega particle. Similarly, subscripts are also used frequently in mathematics to define different versions of the same variable : for example, in an equation x 0 and x f might indicate
220-778: A full set of superscript and subscript digits. Owing to the popularity of using these characters to make fractions, most modern fonts render most or all of these as cap height superscripts and baseline subscripts. The same font may align letters and numbers in different ways. Other than numbers, the set of super- and subscript letters and other symbols is incomplete and somewhat random, and many fonts do not contain them. Because of these inconsistencies, these glyphs may not be suitable for some purposes (see Uses , above). Several advanced features of OpenType typefaces are supported for professionally designed subscript and superscript glyphs. Exactly which glyphs are included varies by typeface; some have only basic support for numerals, while others contain
275-402: A near-monopoly on science fiction typefaces through the end of the 20th century, before Ray Larabie , seeing an opening in the market, began designing more modern computer fonts for the genre and distributed them through freeware . Introduced by Nebiolo in 1962. The popularity of Eurostile continued strong right into the cold type era, and it was offered by various manufacturers under
330-643: A similar convention, such as 1 or 2 in French, or 4ª and 4º in Galician and Italian, or 4.ª and 4.º in Portuguese and Spanish. In medieval manuscripts, many superscript as well as subscript signs were used to abbreviate text. From these developed modern diacritical marks ( glyphs , or "accents" placed above or below the letter). Also, in early Middle High German , umlauts and other modifications to pronunciation would be indicated by superscript letters placed directly above
385-460: A straight tail instead of an angled tail for use in Japan. In all, the family includes 11 fonts, adding an Outline Bold font to the original Eurostile family by Linotype. It supports ISO Adobe 2, Adobe CE, and Latin extended character sets. Eurostile Next is an optically rescaled and redesigned version of the original font family, designed by Linotype Type Director Akira Kobayashi. The redesign
440-493: A timeframe that whenever I see it in real life – which happens quite a lot in my adopted home of California – I assume I’ve been transported to some futuristic dystopia, where a local care center feels more like a sinister government facility for scientific experimentation." Eurostile is also featured in many games on The Price is Right , as well as the logo for the Sunday night newsmagazine 60 Minutes . The 2021 Netflix biography on
495-499: A total of seven fonts. Eurostile is a popular font, particularly suitable for headings and signs. Its linear nature suggests modern architecture , with an appeal both technical and functional. The squarish shapes with their rounded corners evoke the appearance of television screens of the 1950s and 1960s. It is particularly popular in science fiction artwork and media set or produced in the 1960s and '70s, alongside other graphic design use. Eurostile and its antecedent Microgramma had
550-594: Is a character (such as a number or letter) that is set slightly below or above the normal line of type, respectively. It is usually smaller than the rest of the text. Subscripts appear at or below the baseline , while superscripts are above. Subscripts and superscripts are perhaps most often used in formulas , mathematical expressions , and specifications of chemical compounds and isotopes , but have many other uses as well. In professional typography , subscript and superscript characters are not simply ordinary characters reduced in size; to keep them visually consistent with
605-489: Is a negatively charged chlorine atom, Pb is an atom of lead with a positive charge of four, e is an electron , e is a positron , and μ is an antimuon . Atomic isotopes are written using superscripts. In symbolic form, the number of nucleons is denoted as a superscripted prefix to the chemical symbol (for example He , C , C , I , and U ). The letters m or f may follow
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#1732859222547660-684: Is a stencil font based on URW's Eurostile black extended (D), designed by Achaz Reuss. The Square 721 font from Bitstream is very nearly identical to Eurostile albeit with slightly different proportions. Square 721 is available in 2 weights and 3 widths each. In the URW version, there are also Greek, Cyrillic, subscript and superscript , box drawing characters. The family has 16 fonts in five weights and three widths, with condensed fonts on regular and heavy weights; extended fonts on regular and black weights; complementary oblique fonts on black, bold, heavy, heavy condensed, medium, regular, regular condensed. Francker
715-413: Is a variant based on Eurostile. Michroma is a free and open source digital adaptation created by Vernon Adams, based on the extended forms of Eurostile and its predecessor Microgramma. Only one weight was released before Adams suffered injuries in 2014 that were ultimately fatal. Eurostile is one of the most popular fonts in science-fiction television. Doctor Who used the font for the credits during
770-488: Is a variant of Eurostile Next with unicase letters. The family consists of one font (Regular) in extended width, without oblique fonts, but it has heavier weight than Eurostile Next Extended Bold. It supports ISO Adobe 2, Adobe CE, and Latin extended character sets. Extra OpenType features found in Eurostile Next are not supported. Eurostile Relief is a shadowed version of the font designed by URW Studio. Eurostile Stencil
825-454: Is a variant of Eurostile by Linotype. It uses squarer designs for non-letter characters like integral, infinity, pilcrow; letterlike symbols like @, the copyright mark, the registration mark; and accents such as cedilla and the tilde. However, the circle in circled letters (@, Ω) remained circular, which was not fixed until Eurostile Next. The asterisk was redesigned to use six points instead of five. Some numerals, such as "1", were redesigned with
880-409: Is a variant of Microgramma Bold that contains only the shadows of Microgramma Extended Bold, designed by URW Studio and Aldo Novarese in 1994. Although Alessandro Butti died in 1959, URW credited him as the designer of the new font. The Euro sign in the font has a different weight, styled from a different font family, and is not shadowed. Science fiction films and TV programmes quickly started using
935-488: Is archaic. Superior and inferior figures on the baseline are used for fractions and most other purposes, while lowered inferior figures are needed for chemical and mathematical subscripts. A single typeface may contain sub- and superscript glyphs at different positions for different uses. The four most common positions are listed here. Because each position is used in different contexts, not all alphanumerics may be available in all positions. For example, subscript letters on
990-453: Is dependent on the design of the font. Subscripts are used in chemical formulas . For example, the chemical formula for glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6 (meaning that it is a molecule with 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms). The chemical formula of the water molecule, H 2 O, indicates that it contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. A subscript is also used to distinguish between different versions of
1045-419: Is not built-in, but requires the fixltx2e package). As in other systems, when using UTF-8 encoding, the masculine º and feminine ª ordinal indicators can be used as characters, with no need to use a command. In line with its origin as a superscript circle, the degree symbol (°) is composed by a superscript circle operator (∘). ^{\circ} . Superscripts and subscripts of arbitrary height can be done with
1100-429: Is often omitted by renderers is the control of the direction of movement for superscripts and subscripts, when they do not lie on the baseline. Ideally this should allow for the font, e.g. italics are slanting; most renderers adjust the position only vertically and do not also shift it horizontally. This may create a collision with surrounding letters in the same italic font size. One can see an example of such collision on
1155-399: The \raisebox{<dimen>}{<text>} command: the first argument is the amount to raise, and the second is the text; a negative first argument will lower the text. In this case the text is not resized automatically, so a sizing command can be included, e.g. go\raisebox{1ex}{\large home} . Unicode defines subscript and superscript characters in several areas; in particular, it has
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#17328592225471210-525: The StarCraft series. Eurostile, particularly Eurostile Bold Extended, is used extensively in science fiction movies, among them 2001: A Space Odyssey (especially for HAL 9000 ) Jetsons: The Movie , Moon , Back to the Future , Starship Troopers , The Andromeda Strain and Total Recall . Eurostile is a corporate branding font for Toshiba , Dimension Films , and Diadora . The retail version
1265-467: The 2016 WWE Brand Extension Draft and WWE Battleground 2016 , WWE Raw unveiled a new logo which used Microgramma font, as did all title cards and graphics. The following night, WWE SmackDown Live also unveiled a new logo - although it did not use Microgramma, all title cards and graphics did. According to MasGrafx Racing Graphics, Microgramma is the font of several NASCAR numbers used by Richard Childress Racing and Dale Earnhardt, Inc. , such as
1320-559: The IndyCar Series . Microgramma (typeface) Microgramma is a sans-serif typeface which was designed by Aldo Novarese and Alessandro Butti for the Nebiolo Type Foundry in 1952. It became popular for use with technical illustrations in the 1960s and was a favourite of graphic designers by the early seventies, its uses ranging from publicity and publication design to packaging, largely because of its availability as
1375-745: The OptiPlex GX150 in December 2000, and was used all the way until its 2016 rebrand. Additionally, it was also used for its full-screen "Dell End User Software License Agreement" first-run, pre-startup program that was seen on its Inspiron laptops made between 2003 and 2007, as well as for a black-colored keyboard (for the Num Lock , Scroll Lock , and Caps Lock indicator labels) from the early 2000s. Rooster Teeth 's Let's Play Minecraft series used Eurostile for its thumbnails on YouTube from 2012 to 2014. Chip Ganassi Racing uses Eurostile for its numbers in
1430-528: The Second Doctor era (1966 to 1969, with Patrick Troughton in the lead role), and again in cast and crew titles from 1987 to 1989. Eurostile—and the Microgramma Extended Bold font on which it is based—was the primary font used in the science fiction series UFO , created by Gerry Anderson in 1969. All of the vehicles and clothing bearing the logo of the series' secret organisation SHADO used
1485-606: The Star Trek motion pictures , as well as depictions of "earlier technology" display screens, particularly for the Enterprise "prequel" series, during the four later television series . A modified version of Microgramma Bold Extended (sometimes called Starfleet Bold Extended) was used for the main hull registry number for Starfleet ships beginning with Star Trek: The Motion Picture in 1979. Some characters were modified, and all characters have red piping outlining them. Following
1540-509: The underscore , while superscripts are made with the caret . Thus $ X_{ab}$ produces X a b {\displaystyle X_{ab}} , and $ X^{ab}$ produces X a b {\displaystyle X^{ab}} . In LaTeX text mode the math method above is inappropriate, as letters will be in math italic, so the command n\textsuperscript{th} will give n and A\textsubscript{base} will give A base (textual sub scripts are rare, so \textsubscript
1595-685: The #8 (mainly driven by Dale Earnhardt Jr. until 2007), #3 ( Dale Earnhardt and Austin Dillon ) and #29 ( Kevin Harvick ). Some of these are in italics . Red Bull Racing also uses the font for their driver numbers in Formula 1. Microgramma was also the logo font used by Alienware computers until 2016. Polish "Central Anticorruption Bureau" (Centralne Biuro Antykorupcyjne) use font in logo and uniforms. In short: "CBA" in uniforms workers and officers. Subscript and superscript A subscript or superscript
1650-726: The 1970s and 1980s, Eurostile was the font for the Tandy Corporation . The Daihatsu corporate logo also used the Eurostile font. Dekoron Wire & Cable, LLC uses Eurostile for their company logo. Eurostile is used in Canadian Journey series of Canadian dollar bank notes. Eurostile is used in many PSA Peugeot Citroën vehicles such as Peugeots and most Citroëns . The bold and extended forms of Eurostile and Microgramma are frequently used for name and address signage on buildings. Dell used Eurostile on its products, starting with
1705-522: The American fashion designer Halston uses Eurostile Extended for the main logo and interstitial placements. The NBC game show The Wall uses both the Bold and Condensed variantsof Eurostile during gameplay. Eurostile can be found in several video games such as Homeworld , Ratchet and Clank , Ridge Racer , Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon , Tekken , Splinter Cell , Driv3r , Elite Dangerous , and
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1760-407: The baseline are also used for the denominators of stacked fractions , like this: 67 / 68 . The only common use of these subscripts is for the denominators of diagonal fractions , like ½ or the signs for percent %, permille ‰, and basis point ‱. Certain standard abbreviations are also composed as diagonal fractions, such as ℅ (care of), ℀ (account of), ℁ (addressed to
1815-429: The baseline are quite rare, and many typefaces provide only a limited number of superscripted letters. Despite these differences, all reduced-size glyphs go by the same generic terms subscript and superscript , which are synonymous with the terms inferior letter (or number ) and superior letter (or number ), respectively. Most fonts that contain superscript/subscript will have predetermined size and orientation that
1870-850: The direction of slanting, so there is no general solution except when the renderer takes into account the font metrics properties that specifies the angle of slanting, However the same problem occurs more generally between spans of normal glyphs (non-superscript and non-subscript) when slanting styles are mixed. Many text editing and word processing programs have automatic subscripting and superscripting features, although these programs usually simply use ordinary characters reduced in size and moved up or down – rather than separately designed subscript or superscript glyphs. Professional typesetting programs such as QuarkXPress or Adobe InDesign also have similar features for automatically converting regular type to subscript or superscript. These programs, however, may also offer native OpenType support for
1925-841: The family, added small caps letters and figures. The family consists of 15 fonts in 5 weights and 3 widths each. It supports ISO Adobe 2,Adobe CE, Latin extended character sets. OpenType features include small caps, tabular and proportional figures, superior and inferior numerals, diagonal fractions, and ordinals. Kobayashi decided not to provide italics. Eurostile Candy is a variant of Eurostile Next with rounded corners. Extra strokes in letters such as a, s, or t, are removed. Joints in letters such as n and r have been simplified to create even more square shapes. The family consists of three weights (regular, semi bold, bold) in extended width, without oblique fonts. It supports ISO Adobe 2,Adobe CE, Latin extended character sets. Extra OpenType features found in Eurostile Next are not supported. Eurostile Unicase
1980-429: The following names: Europe is a variant of Eurostile designed at TypeMarket in 1992–1993 by Alexey Kustov. The family includes 16 fonts, adding Shadow Demi, Shadow Oblique, and the missing oblique counterparts to the original Linotype family. It supports Cyrillic characters. Eurostile DisCaps is a small caps version of the font. The family comes with one width in regular and bold weights, without obliques. Eurostile LT
2035-409: The font, in addition to the main titles. Eurostile was also used in the title of television shows such as Star Trek (on several first-season episode title cards), Ironside , Adam-12 , Star Trek: Enterprise , Deal or No Deal , The Amazing Race , and Judge Mathis . Eurostile Extended Bold was used in the logo and inter-title sequence of Nickelodeon 's Drake & Josh (alongside
2090-413: The initial and final value of x , while v rocket and v observer would stand for the velocities of a rocket and an observer. Commonly, variables with a zero in the subscript are referred to as the variable name followed by " nought " (e.g. v 0 would be read, "v-nought"). Subscripts are often used to refer to members of a mathematical sequence or set or elements of a vector. For example, in
2145-558: The letter they modified. Thus the modern umlaut ü was written as uͤ. Both vowels and consonants were used in this way, as in ſheͨzze and boͮsen. In modern typefaces, these letters are usually smaller than other superscripts, and their baseline is slightly above the base font's midline, making them extend no higher than a typical ordinal indicator. Superscripts are used for the standard abbreviations for service mark (℠) and trademark (™). The signs for copyright © and registered trademark ® are also sometimes superscripted, depending on
2200-737: The number to indicate metastable or fission isomers , as in Co or Pu . Subscripts and superscripts can also be used together to give more specific information about nuclides . For example, 92 U denotes an atom of uranium with 235 nucleons, 92 of which are protons . A chemical symbol can be completely surrounded: 6 C 2 is a divalent cation of carbon with 14 nucleons, of which six are protons and 8 are neutrons , and there are two atoms in this chemical compound. The numerators of stacked fractions (such as 34 / 35 ) usually use high-set superscripts, although some specially designed glyphs keep
2255-520: The recent genre crossover Alien vs. Predator franchise films), features use of Microgamma and its Bold Extended typeface in its corporate logo, although not exclusively. The Microgramma Bold Extended typeface was used extensively in the Star Trek universe, such as Franz Joseph 's The Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual. The font, in both its original and various altered forms, was incorporated into numerous displays and on ship exteriors in six of
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2310-404: The regular variant, specifically on the "DRAKE" and "JOSH" scrolling text in the background), and was used in titles and set backdrops for Channel 4 's early 90s comedy series Vic Reeves Big Night Out . Eurostile Std Heavy Condensed was used for titles and credits for Emergency! and The Six Million Dollar Man . Type expert Dave Addey noted: "Indeed, Eurostile is such a quick way to establish
2365-451: The rest of the font, typeface designers make them slightly heavier (i.e. medium or bold typography) than a reduced-size character would be. The vertical distance that sub- or superscripted text is moved from the original baseline varies by typeface and by use. In typesetting, such types are traditionally called "superior" and "inferior" letters, figures, etc., or just "superiors" and "inferiors". In English, most nontechnical use of superiors
2420-576: The right side when rendered in HTML (see the figure on the right). To avoid this, it is often desirable to insert a small positive horizontal margin (or a thin space) (on the left side of the first superscript character), or a negative margin (or a tiny backspace) before a subscript. It is more critical with glyphs from fonts in Oblique styles that are more slanted than those from fonts in Italic style, and some fonts reverse
2475-442: The sequence O = (45, −2, 800), O 3 refers to the third member of sequence O , which is 800. Also in mathematics and computing, a subscript can be used to represent the radix , or base, of a written number, especially where multiple bases are used alongside each other. For example, comparing values in hexadecimal , denary , and octal one might write C hex = 12 dec = 14 oct . Subscripted numbers dropped below
2530-616: The special subscript and superscript glyphs included in many professional typeface packages (such as those shown in the image above). In HTML and Wiki syntax , subscript text is produced by putting it inside the tags <sub> and </sub> . Similarly, superscripts are produced with <sup> and </sup> . The exact size and position of the resulting characters will vary by font and browser, but are usually reduced to around 75% original size. In TeX 's mathematics mode (as used in MediaWiki ), subscripts are typeset with
2585-514: The subject), or in Spanish ℆ (cada uno/una, "each one"). These superscripts typically share a baseline with numerator digits, the top of which are aligned with the top of the full-height numerals of the base font; lowercase ascenders may extend above. Ordinal indicators are sometimes written as superscripts (1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , rather than 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th), although many English-language style guides recommend against this use. Romance languages use
2640-696: The text. In mathematics , high superscripts are used for exponentiation to indicate that one number or variable is raised to the power of another number or variable. Thus y is y raised to the fourth power, 2 is 2 raised to the power of x , and the equation E = mc includes a term for the speed of light squared . This led over time to an " abuse of notation " whereby superscripts indicate iterative function composition , including derivatives . In an unrelated use, superscripts also indicate contravariant tensors in Ricci calculus . The charges of ions and subatomic particles are also denoted by superscripts. Cl
2695-542: The top of the numerator aligned with the top of the full-height numerals. [REDACTED] This image shows the four common locations for subscripts and superscripts, according to their typical uses. The typeface is Minion Pro, set in Adobe Illustrator. Note that the default superscripting algorithms of most word processors would set the "th" and "lle" too high, and the weight of all the subscript and superscript glyphs would be too light. Another minor adjustment that
2750-420: The typeface or house style. On handwritten documents and signs, a monetary amount may be written with the cents value superscripted, as in $ 8⁰⁰ or 8€⁵⁰. Often the superscripted numbers are underlined: $ 8 ⁰⁰ , 8€ ⁵⁰ . The currency symbol itself may also be superscripted, as in 80 or 6 .There is no ruling whether or not these characters need to be supercript, or made smaller than the numbers, or aligned to any of
2805-458: The typeface. A number of Gerry Anderson productions in the mid/late-1960s applied the Microgramma font decals to the featured futuristic vehicles. Microgramma and its related variations are used throughout the original Alien franchise films, as well as the more recent reincarnations. Weyland-Yutani , the primary corporate conglomerate within both the earlier and recent Alien films (including
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#17328592225472860-498: The various guide lines. That of course is decided by the preference of the typographer. Both low and high superscripts can be used to indicate the presence of a footnote in a document, like this or this. Any combination of characters can be used for this purpose; in technical writing footnotes are sometimes composed of letters and numbers together, like this. The choice of low or high alignment depends on taste, but high-set footnotes tend to be more common, as they stand out more from
2915-477: Was a titling font with only uppercase letters. Later versions, by Linotype and URW/ Nebiolo , contain a lowercase as well, making it functionally identical to Eurostile. These digital versions also include accented Latin characters, mathematical symbols, and Latin ligatures. In the URW/Nebiolo version, there are also extended Latin, subscripts and superscripts, and extended Latin ligatures. Microgramma OnlyShadow
2970-525: Was authorized by Toshiba Europe GmbH to URW, where Eurostile Black OT was sold. Eurostile Extended Bold is used in the Nokia , New Flyer , Casio and Roland Corporation JUNO logos. The Eurovision Song Contest also used the font from 2004 to 2014. Eurostile is also used for the logo of Rotarex , Colgan Air , Roadcycling.com, and Roadcycling.mobi. Halliburton uses Eurostyle Extended Two for its logo. The NBA 's San Antonio Spurs use Eurostile in their logos. In
3025-477: Was based on the specimens of the original metal fonts. Redesigned features include restoring the super curve lost in the previous film and digital versions, reduced stroke weight difference between the upper and lowercase letters, type-sensitive accents and letterlike symbols (ç, É, @, €). In addition, Kobayashi added new Light and Ultra Light weights to complement the Extended, Normal, and Condensed variations within
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