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53-776: The region has two subordinate cantons, the Kobani canton consisting of the Sarrin area (with the al-Jalabiya district subordinate to it) and the Kobani area (with the Şêran and the Qenaya Subdistricts subordinate to it), as well as the Tel Abyad canton (with the Ain Issa and Suluk Subdistricts subordinate to it). The current population of Euphrates Region is unknown due to substantial refugee movements, but that of Kobane Canton alone before 2014

106-505: A " millet ," had a representative in Istanbul and was allowed to organize its own affairs, including its people's education, social services and charities and even some of the legal standards by which they lived. The millet controlled all internal disputes such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and the distribution and collection of taxes. The residue of this community-specific system remained in modern Syria; for example, everyone knew you went to

159-463: A degree of local autonomy : Under the Ottomans, the area known today as Syria hadn't been a single entity but rather a collection of " wilayats ," or provinces, that at times included areas of modern-day Lebanon and Israel. Nor was the population homogenous. The wilayats of Ottoman Syria each comprised an array of ethnicities, cultural identifications and economic structures. After 400 years of rule under

212-588: A minor Arab genocide in Anatolia at the same time, which meant they had affinity with one another. Aleppo's large Christian population swelled with the influx of Armenian and Assyrian Christian refugees during the early 20th-century and after the Armenian genocide and Assyrian genocide of 1915. After the arrival of the first groups of Armenian refugees coming from the death camps in Deir ez Zor and historic Armenia (1915–1922)

265-721: A population of 6,140, while the Sarrin subdistrict had a total population of 70,522 mostly Arab. During the Syrian Civil War , the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant seized control of the town in September 2013. In March 2015, Kurds from the People's Protection Units (YPG), alongside Free Syrian Army (FSA) rebels, launched an attack to take control of the strategic town . On July 27, 2015,

318-700: Is an important factor in maintaining Armenian language and patriotism among the Armenian community in Syria. Aleppo as the main host of the community, is a center of Armenian long-running schools and cultural institutions. Armenian students who graduate from those community schools, can immediately enter the Syrian university system, after passing the official Thanawiya 'Amma (High School baccalaureate) exams. A total of 9 schools operate in Aleppo including 4 secondary education schools (high schools): Other elementary schools in Aleppo under

371-422: Is initially instructed according to each student's mother tongue, be it Kurdish or Arabic. Students then begin to learn their second language of Kurdish or Arabic, as well as additional instruction of English. This is due to Rojava's stated goal of students achieving bilingualism in both Kurdish and Arabic by secondary schooling. Curricula are a topic of continuous debate between the regions' Boards of Education and

424-535: Is offering several protection options including simplified naturalization by Armenian descent (15,000 persons acquired Armenian citizenship ), accelerated asylum procedures and facilitated short, mid and long-term residence permits. According to Hranush Hakobyan by 2016 only 15,000 Armenians were left in Syria and the rest have been settled in Armenia or Nagorno-Karabakh , with another 8,000 having left for Lebanon , and others going to destinations including Europe ,

477-603: Is supplied by the Tishrin Dam on the Euphrates , also in the Euphrates Region; a lot is also produced by diesel generators. Around the region, but in particular in the city of Kobanî, economic priorities are the continuing war and reconstruction, including help for returning refugees. Most of the city and surrounding villages have been destroyed or badly damaged, and there is a danger of landmines. As of January 2017, in spite off

530-614: Is the May 2016 established Rodî û Perwîn Library in Kobani . Sarrin Sarrin ( Arabic : صرين , also spelled Serrin or Sareen ) is a town in northern Syria , administratively part of the Aleppo Governorate , located northeast of Aleppo . It is situated 3 kilometers east of the Euphrates River , south of Kobanî and east of Manbij . In the 2004 census, the town of Sarrin had

583-679: The Agos Armenian newspaper, said that the Armenians under Assad felt relatively safe. The Armenians, according to The Economist , lived in a safe haven in Syria which made Armenians more sympathetic for Assad during the Syrian Civil War . According to the Ministry of Diaspora of Armenia, the estimated number of Armenians in Syria is 100,000, with more than 60,000 of them centralized in Aleppo , with other estimates by Armenian foundations in Syria putting

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636-838: The Armenian Catholic Church . The Catholic Armenian population in Syria belongs to one of the 4 following prelacies under the jurisdiction of the Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of Cilicia : The Armenian Catholic Church has 2 Convents in Syria: Armenian Evangelicals (also known as Armenian Protestants), belong to Union of the Armenian Evangelical Churches in the Near East of the Armenian Evangelical Church . The education

689-746: The Armenian genocide . However, there has been an Armenian presence in the region since the Byzantine era. According to the Ministry of Diaspora of Armenia, the estimated number of Armenians in Syria is 100,000, with more than 60,000 of them centralized in Aleppo . With other estimates by Armenian foundations in Syria putting the number around 70–80,000. However, since the start of the conflict, 16,623 Syrian citizens of ethnic Armenian background have arrived in Armenia. Of these displaced persons, 13,000 remained and found protection in Armenia as of July 2015. The government

742-509: The Armenian genocide . Nowadays, there are 11 compatriotic organizations operating in Aleppo: Dikranagerd , Daron - Duruperan , Marash , Urfa women's, Urfa youth, Palu , Zeitun , Kilis , Berejik , Musa Ler and Garmouj compatriotic unions. Other notable community structures in Aleppo include: Original Armenians of Syria, known as al-arman al-qidam ( lit.   ' the old Armenians ' ) traditionally spoke Arabic . With

795-600: The Constitution of Rojava was declared and institutions established. In July 2013, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) began to forcibly displace Kurdish civilians from towns in Raqqa Governorate . After demanding that all Kurds leave Tell Abyad or else be killed, thousands of civilians, including Turkmens and Arabs, fled on 21 July. ISIL fighters looted and destroyed the property of Kurds, and in some cases, resettled displaced Sunni Arab families from

848-560: The Euphrates was settled by Kurdish tribes at the beginning of the 17th century. In modern post-independence Syria, the Kurdish population of the region was subject to heavy-handed Arabization policies by the Damascus government. In the course of the Syrian Civil War and the Rojava conflict , Syrian government forces withdrew from the area, and on 27 January 2014 an autonomous Kobanî Canton under

901-725: The Sanjak of Alexandretta who arrived in Aleppo later on after the annexation of the Sanjak in 1939 by Turkey. In 1944, Aleppo's population was around 325,000, with 112,110 (34.5%) Christians among which Armenians counted 60,200. Armenians formed more than half of the Christian community in Aleppo until 1947, when many groups of them left for Soviet Armenia to take advantage of the Armenian Repatriation Process (1946–1967) . In an interview with Radikal , Rober Koptaş , editor-in-chief of

954-792: The Umayyad Caliphate including their capital Damascus in the Muslim-controlled Syria . During the 2nd half of the 11th century, Armenia -being under the Byzantine rule- was conquered by the Seljuq Turks . Waves of Armenians left their homeland in order to settle in more stable countries. Most Armenians established themselves in Cilicia where they founded the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia . Many other Armenians have preferred to settle in northern Syria. Armenian quarters were formed during

1007-454: The United States and Canada . However, Armenian foundations in Syria estimate around 35,000 are left based on rough estimates, including a method which multiplies the number of students enrolled in Armenian minority schools by 3 or 4, since minors would only take up around 25–30% of an age pyramid . The Syrian border villages of Kessab and Yakubiyah had Armenian majorities prior to

1060-595: The an-Nabek District (Rif Damascus), Deir ez-Zor and Raqqa , in abandoned Kurdish homes. A similar pattern was documented in Tel Arab and Tal Hassel in July 2013. As ISIL consolidated its authority in Raqqa, Kurdish civilians were forcibly displaced from Tel Akhader , and from the immediate Kobanî area, in March and September 2014, respectively. Euphrates Region has seen fighting with

1113-676: The 11th century in Antioch , Aleppo , Ayntab , Marash , Kilis , etc. Prior to the Siege of Antioch , most Armenians were expelled from Antioch by the Turkish governor of the city Yaghi-Siyan , a move that prompted the Armenians of Antioch, and the rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia to establish close relations with the European Crusades rather than the mostly-Turkish rulers of Syria. Thus,

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1166-532: The 17th century. Another wave of migrants from Karin arrived in Aleppo in 1737. There were also families from Yerevan . Armenian population increased in Aleppo. By the end of the 19th century, the Mazloumian family established the "Ararat hotel" that became a renowned international establishment and renamed Baron Hotel . Under the Ottomans, Syrians and many other ethnic groups lived in a religious and culturally pluralist society, with each community exercising

1219-745: The Armenian Apostolic (also known as Oriental Orthodox Armenian) faith are under the jurisdiction of the Holy See of Cilicia (based in Antelias , Lebanon ) of the Armenian Apostolic Church . However, the Diocese of Damascus pledges allegiance to the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin . The Apostolic Armenian population in Syria belongs to one of the 3 following prelacies: Catholic Armenians are members of

1272-467: The Armenian community of 10,000 in Aleppo came together to aid the deportees, with the Armenian Apostolic Church in Aleppo initially providing improvised support for the newcomers. They did not hesitate to shelter and support persecuted Armenians. Arabs and Armenians have traditionally had good relations, especially after they sheltered the Armenians during the Armenian genocide. There was also

1325-407: The Armenian pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem . Yet, not considered an organized community in the city, Armenian presence was notably enlarged in Aleppo, during the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (12th century), when a considerable number of Armenian families and merchants settled in the city creating their own businesses, residencies, and gradually schools, churches and prelacy. The Armenian church of

1378-520: The Armenian quarter to get your silver. Although the Armenians have had a long history in Syria, most arrived there during the Armenian genocide committed by the Ottoman Empire . The main killing fields of Armenians were located in the Syrian desert surrounding Deir ez-Zor (Euphrates Valley). During the genocide, more than a million Armenians were killed and hundreds of thousands were displaced from historic Armenia . The native Arabs in addition to

1431-572: The Cilician and other towns of northern Syria arrived in Aleppo. They have gradually developed their own schools and churches to become a well-organized community during the 15th century with the establishment of the Armenian Diocese of Beroea in Aleppo. During the early years of the Ottoman rule over Syria , there was relatively smaller Armenian presence in northern Syria due to the military conflicts in

1484-465: The Forty Martyrs in Aleppo was mentioned for the first time in 1476. In 1624, as a result of the growing number of Armenian residents and pilgrims, the Armenian prelacy started to build a quarter near the church which kept its original name Hokedoun (Spiritual House), up to now. It was designated to serve as a settlement for the Armenian pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem. The majority of Armenians of

1537-508: The Islamic State since 2014. In September 2014, ISIL launched a major assault against the Euphrates Region, capturing more than 100 Kurdish villages. As a consequence of the ISIL occupation, up to 200,000 Kurdish refugees fled from the Euphrates Region to Turkey, allowed in only under the condition that they left their vehicles and livestock behind. While committing massacres and kidnapping women in

1590-411: The Ottomans, certain particularities of the political system became ingrained. In modern-day Syria before the civil war, cities were divided into culturally distinct quarters: one where you would find the Armenians, another populated by Assyrians. I especially remember the Kurdish markets, where vendors would come dressed in their bright colors to sell fruits and vegetables from the countryside. In fact,

1643-470: The Syrian central government in Damascus, which partly pays the teachers. With Euphrates Region being home to a Syrian Turkmen minority, school education bilingual in Turkish and Arabic has also been made available. The federal, regional and local administrations in Rojava put much emphasis on promoting libraries and educational centers, to facilitate learning and social and artistic activities. One cited example

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1696-555: The YPG/YPJ to force ISIL to retreat from the city, and much of the surrounding region was retaken by Kurdish forces. After the successful summer 2015 Tell Abyad offensive of YPG/YPJ forces against ISIL, municipalities there voted to join the autonomous Kobanî Canton administration, creating the region in its contemporary shape. Kobanî's Legislative Assembly has two co-presidents, Lemis Abdullah (an Armenian woman refugee from Tell Abyad ), and Mihemed Şahin (a Kurdish man). According to

1749-780: The arrival of more Armenians following the genocide, the linguistic composition of Syrian Armenians became more diverse, as one could hear the Armenian dialect of Zeytun and the Turkish dialects of Marash and Aintab in the courtyard of a church at the same time. Following the Armenian Genocide, many of the Armenians that arrived in Syria did not speak Western Armenian. Many spoke Turkish, or would speak their own dialects of Western Armenia from Eastern Anatolia. This would gradually change as Armenians established themselves throughout Syria (and by extension Lebanon). Schools and churches were built in areas of Armenian settlement, and because of that

1802-774: The city of Aleppo , acting in the form of cultural, sport, youth or charitable associations: Cultural associations based in Aleppo: Charitable associations based in Aleppo: Sports associations based in Aleppo: Students associations based in Aleppo: Most associations have their branches in many other Syrian cities: Qamishli , Damascus , Latakia , Kessab , etc. The Armenians of Aleppo have also formed compatriotic unions based on their roots, named after towns and villages where their ancestors have migrated from, during

1855-655: The civil war, and are located near the contested border region of Hatay Province . Kessab was attacked and looted in an ambush by Syrian Rebels who were given passage through Hatay province by Turkey, (although they deny this claim) and Yacubiyah had their Armenian population expelled by Al Nusra . Excluding those villages, Armenians are primarily urban. Most Armenians of Syria live in Aleppo , with other cities including Latakia , Damascus , Qamishli , Raqqa , Tell Abyad , Al-Hasakah , Deir ez Zor , Al-Malikiyah and Ras al-Ayn , although some of which have had their populations expelled such as Raqqa and Deir ez Zor . In 2015,

1908-480: The civil war. Kessab was attacked and looted by Islamist Syrian rebels who were given safe passage by Turkey through Turkish land, though they were later expelled by the Syrian Army. Yacubiyah had its Armenian population expelled by Jabhat al-Nusra . In 2018 Professor John Shoup said that the Armenian population in Syria formed about 2% of the country's total population, making them the fifth largest ethnic group in

1961-564: The constitutional Charter of the Social Contract, the Kobanî Canton's Legislative Assembly declared autonomy at its 27 January 2014 session. The economy of the region is mainly based on agriculture, with the introduction of greenhouse agriculture since the establishment of the Euphrates Region. While there is no significant industrial area in the Euphrates Region, there is a large number of cement production facilities. Some electricity

2014-521: The country. During ancient times , there was a small Armenian presence in northern Syria. Under Tigranes the Great , Armenians invaded Syria and the city of Antioch was chosen as one of the four capitals of the short-lived Armenian Empire . In 301, Christianity became the official religion of Armenia through the efforts of Saint Gregory the Illuminator . Armenian merchants and pilgrims started to visit

2067-804: The creation of the Armenian Social Council in April 2020. Under the Social Council, teaching the Armenian language has resumed after over a decade of it being denied by the Syrian government. On April 24, 2019, the "Martyr Nubar Ozanyan Brigade" was formed as an Armenian brigade of the Syrian Democratic Forces on the anniversary of the Armenian genocide in the Marziya Church in Tell Goran . The majority of Armenian organizations are based in

2120-434: The earliest Christian centres of the region of Syria including Antioch , Edessa , Nisibis and Jerusalem . Close relations were established between the Armenians and the Christian congregations of Syria after the apostolic era . During the first half of the 7th century, Armenia was conquered by the Arab Islamic Caliphate . Thousands of Armenians were carried into slavery by the Arab invaders to serve in other regions of

2173-402: The local St. Rita Catholic Armenian church was also destroyed, according to unconfirmed reports at that time, by rebel fighters. Since the establishment of the Autonomous Administration of Northeast Syria, the AANES has made efforts to restore and even help cultivate the Armenian community that resides in Rojava, mainly in Qamishli, Al-Hasakah, Deir ez Zor and Ras al-Ayn. This is demonstrated by

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2226-423: The new rulers of Antioch became the Europeans. Armenian engineers also helped the Crusaders during the Siege of Tyre by manipulating siege engines. However, the Armenian population of Syria and its surrounding areas has greatly diminished after the invasion of the Mongols under Hulagu Khan in 1260. After the decline of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia during the 14th century, a new wave of Armenian migrants from

2279-491: The newer generations of Armenians (those who fully grew up in Syria) were taught the standardized (modern) version of Western Armenian. Armenians in Syria are mainly followers of the Armenian Apostolic Church , with a minority of Armenian Catholics and Armenian Evangelicals . The Church has a very important role in unifying Armenians in Syria. After 301 AD, when Christianity became the official state religion of Armenia and its population, Aleppo became an important centre for

2332-602: The number of Armenians in Syria around 70–80,000. Since the start of the Syrian Civil War , 16,623 Syrian citizens of ethnic Armenian background have arrived in Armenia, of whom about 13,000 displaced persons remained and found protection in Armenia as of July 2015. The government is offering several protection options including simplified naturalization by Armenian descent (15,000 persons acquired Armenian citizenship ), accelerated asylum procedures and facilitated short, mid and long-term residence permits. According to Hranush Hakobyan , only 15,000 Armenians are left in Syria and

2385-401: The paucity of resources available and the embargoes imposed on the region, the rebuilding process has made considerable progress; over 70% of damaged roads have been restored, two hospitals rebuilt and another two added, and the 15 schools rebuilt now host over 50,000 students. Like in the other regions in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, primary education in public schools

2438-464: The population of Aleppo in 1922 counted 156,748 of whom Muslims were 97,600 (62.26%), native Christians -mostly Catholics- 22,117 (14.11%), Jews 6,580 (4.20%), Europeans 2,652 (1.70%), Armenian refugees 20,007 (12.76%) and others 7,792 (4.97%). The second period of Armenian flow towards Aleppo was marked by the withdrawal of the French troops from Cilicia in 1923. That wave brought more than 40,000 Armenian refugees to Aleppo between 1923 and 1925, and

2491-501: The population of the city skyrocketed up to 210,000 by the end of 1925, with Armenians forming more than 25% of the population. According to the historical data presented by Al-Ghazzi , the vast majority of the Aleppine Christians were Catholics until the 1920s. The growth of the Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Christian communities is tied in with the arrival of the Armenian and Assyrian genocide survivors from Cilicia and Southern Turkey, as well as large numbers of Orthodox Greeks from

2544-506: The region. A larger community existed in Urfa which is considered part of the region of Syria . The Ottoman Empire had a large indigenous Armenian population in its Eastern Anatolia region, from where some Armenians moved to Aleppo in search of economic opportunity. Later on, many Armenian families moved from Western Armenia to Aleppo escaping the Turkish oppression. Thus, large numbers of Armenians from Arapgir , Sasun , Hromgla , Zeitun , Marash and New Julfa arrived in Aleppo during

2597-629: The rest have been settled in Armenia or Nagorno Karabakh , with another 8,000 having left for Lebanon , and others going to destinations including Europe , the United States and Canada . However, Armenian foundations in Syria estimate around 35,000 are left based on rough estimates, including a method which multiplies the number of students enrolled in Armenian minority schools by 3 or 4, since minors would only take up around 25–30% of an age pyramid . Armenians in Syria are present in both rural and urban areas. The villages of Kessab , Yakubiyah , Ghnemiyeh and Aramo had Armenian majorities prior to

2650-425: The seized villages, ISIL forces were not able to occupy the entire region, as the People's Protection Units (YPG) and Women's Protection Units (YPJ) forces successfully put up stiff resistance in the city of Kobanî . After weeks of isolation as a result of Turkey blocking arms and fighters from entering the city, the US-led coalition finally began to target the ISIL assault forces with airstrikes. This move helped

2703-425: The town came under the control of Kurdish YPG forces. This article about a location in Aleppo Governorate , Syria is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Armenians in Syria The Armenians in Syria are Syrian citizens of either full or partial Armenian descent. Syria and the surrounding areas have often served as a refuge for Armenians who fled from wars and persecutions such as

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2756-406: The way in which Syria was governed reinforced the autonomy of these distinct ethnic and religious communities. The Ottomans enforced a policy of pluralism, intended to appease different nations and quell the rise of nationalist movements, in which Jews, Christians and Muslims were all empowered to assert their own identities and therefore had no need to vie for power. Each religious community, known as

2809-406: Was estimated at 400,000, with an ethnic Kurdish majority. Due to intense fighting at least three-quarters of the population fled across the border to Turkey in 2014; however, many returned in 2015. The largest locality of the region and the only one with more than 10,000 inhabitants is according to the 2004 Syrian census, Kobanî (44,821). The present Kurdish-populated area on the left bank of

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