Jílové (until 1945 Jílové u Podmokel ; German : Eulau ) is a town in Děčín District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic . It has about 5,000 inhabitants.
66-477: The villages of Kamenec, Kamenná, Martiněves, Modrá and Sněžník are administrative parts of Jílové. The adjective jílové is derived from jíl , i.e. 'clay'. The name was probably transferred to the settlement from the local stream. Jílové is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Děčín and 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Ústí nad Labem . It lies in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains and in
132-502: A district quite worth seeing with shops, bars and cafes, as well as other cultural offerings (including the Tom-Pauls-Theater). The renovation of the old town repeatedly brought historical features to light. During the renovation of a house on the market square, for example, an approx. 500-year-old wall painting was uncovered that shows a "wrong" type of wild animal hunting - animals hunting and devouring humans - and which, according to
198-535: A former sea in the Upper Cretaceous epoch. On the Saxon side of the border the term "Elbe Valley Cretaceous" is used, referring to a region stretching from Meißen - Oberau in the northwest through Dresden and Pirna into Saxon Switzerland, and which is formed by sandstones, planers and other rocks as well as basal conglomerates of older origin. Several erosion relics from Reinhardtsgrimma through Dippoldiswalde and
264-632: A part of the large mental asylum within Sonnenstein Castle was converted into a euthanasia killing center: the Sonnenstein Nazi Death Institute . It was a testing ground for initial development of certain methods, later generally adopted and refined for usage associated with the Final Solution . A gas chamber and crematorium were installed in the cellar of the former men's sanitary (building C 16). A high brick-wall on two sides of
330-650: A rock face or when dressing the rough blocks of stone. The sandstone of this region is a sought-after building material used for example, for imposing city edifices such as the Church of Our Lady in Dresden . Large parts of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains are under statutory protection. In Germany there is the national park region of Saxon Switzerland, which consists two elements: Saxon Switzerland National Park itself, founded in 1990 and covered an area of 93 km²; and
396-529: A train on the Děčín– Telnice line runs through Jílové. The ČSD Class M 152.0 retro train drives there. The main landmark is the Jílové Castle. It was rebuilt in the second half of the 17th century on a Renaissance chateau, and the romantic-style park with a Neoclassical pavilion was established two centuries later. Nowadays the castle serves cultural and social purposes and houses a library. The Church of
462-618: A very large mental hospital in Castle Sonnenstein. But when on September 14, 1813, French troops occupied the Sonnenstein, they forced the evacuation of 275 patients, seized supplies and tore the roof trusses out to remove a fire threat. In September 1813, emperor Napoleon temporarily lived at the Marienhaus, located at the market. Until Dresden 's surrender on November 11 the French defended
528-688: A wide area of the Czech Republic to Moravia. Together these beds form the Saxon-Bohemian Cretaceous Zone. In Czech geological circles, the Elbe Valley Cretaceous is described as the foothills of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. The eroded sandstone landscape of this region was formed from depositions that accumulated on the bottom of the sea millions of years ago. Large rivers carried sand and other eroded debris into
594-1037: Is Südostmeißenisch , which is part of the Upper Saxon German group of regiolects . ⎈ Samo’s Empire 631-658 [REDACTED] Margraviate of Meissen 1233-1293 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Bohemia 1293-1405 [REDACTED] Electorate of Saxony 1405-1485 [REDACTED] Albertine Duchy of Saxony 1485-1547 [REDACTED] Electorate of Saxony 1547-1697 [REDACTED] Poland - Saxony 1697-1706 [REDACTED] Electorate of Saxony 1706-1709 [REDACTED] Poland - Saxony 1709-1763 [REDACTED] Electorate of Saxony 1763-1806 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Saxony 1806-1918 [REDACTED] German Empire 1871-1918 [REDACTED] Weimar Republic 1918-1933 [REDACTED] Nazi Germany 1933-1945 [REDACTED] Allied-occupied Germany 1945-1949 [REDACTED] East Germany 1949-1990 [REDACTED] 1990-present Tools made of flint from
660-673: Is also called the "gate to the Saxon Switzerland " ( Ger: Tor zur Sächsischen Schweiz ). The Saxon wine region ( Ger: Sächsische Weinstraße ), which was established in 1992, stretches from Pirna via Pillnitz , Dresden , and Meissen to Diesbar-Seußlitz . Pirna is located southeast of Dresden . Neighboring municipalities are Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel (town), Bahretal , Dohma , Dohna (town), Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach , Heidenau (town), Königstein (town), Lohmen , Stadt Wehlen (town), and Struppen . The regiolect spoken in Pirna
726-456: Is ecologically significant. The variety of different locations, each with its own conditions in terms of soil and microclimate , has produced an enormous richness of species . The numbers of ferns and mosses alone is unmatched by any other of the German central uplands . The occurrence of Elbe sandstones and hence the Elbe Sandstone Mountains themselves is related to widespread deposition by
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#1732855195579792-468: The Cretaceous sea. Rough quartz sand, clay and fine marl sank and became lithified layer by layer. A compact sandstone sequence developed, about 20 x 30 kilometres wide and up to 600 metres thick dating to the lower Cenomanian to Santonian stages . The tremendous variety of shapes in the sandstone landscape is a result of the subsequent chemical and physical erosion and biological processes acting on
858-642: The Dresden S-Bahn and the Dresden to Prague railway, is located to the west of the town centre, and is the junction point for the line to Neustadt in Sachsen and Sebnitz . Besides the town's main station, it is also served by Obervogelgesang , Pirna-Copitz and Pirna-Copitz Nord stations. Pirna is also a stop for the Sächsische Dampfschiffahrt ships, including historic paddle steamers , operating on
924-589: The Elbe Sandstone Highlands ( German : Elbsandsteingebirge , pronounced [ɛlpˈz̥antʃtaɪnɡəˌbɪʁɡə] ; Czech : Děčinská vrchovina , pronounced [ˈɟɛtʃɪnskaː ˈvr̩xovɪna] ), are a mountain range straddling the border between the state of Saxony in southeastern Germany and the North Bohemian region of the Czech Republic , with about three-quarters of the area lying on
990-569: The Königstein Fortress , Pravčická brána , the Schrammsteine , Pfaffenstein , and the valleys of the Kirnitzsch and Kamenice rivers. There are some 14,000 climbing routes via which mountain climbers can conquer 1100 free-standing peaks. Visitors can experience the natural scenes on the asphalt Elbe cycle path, or on board a steam paddleboat that is part of the oldest fleet of its kind in
1056-648: The Perun cult, covered up by a fanciful, German-language notion about the town's name ("pear" is Birne in German , which sounds rather like "Pirna" Latin : "Pyrus" ). With the conquest of the Slavic communities and the founding of the Mark by the Germans ( Henry the Fowler founded the castle of Meissen in 929), settlement in the Pirna area is again verifiable. The castle in Pirna, which
1122-626: The Prussians , who had invaded without declaring war, to the levels between Königstein Fortress and Sonnenstein Castle and capitulated there on October 16, two days after Sonnenstein surrendered . In 1758, Austrian troops and the Imperial Army besieged the fortress. A Kattundruck manufactory for cotton printing opened as the first of its kind in 1774. In 1811 the physician Ernst Gottlob Pienitz opened
1188-693: The Tharandt Forest to Siebenlehn form isolated examples south of Dresden. They are mainly characterised by sandstones. On the Bohemian side the sandstone beds continue and form part of the North Bohemian Cretaceous. The chalk sediments of the Zittau Basin are counted as part of the latter due to their regional-geological relationships. The sedimentary sequences of the Cretaceous sea continue across
1254-694: The Zittau Mountains of the Lusatian Mountains form the Saxon-Bohemian Chalk Sandstone Region . The most striking characteristic of this deeply dissected rocky mountain range is the extraordinary variety of terrain within the smallest area. Unique amongst the Central European Uplands are the constant changes between plains , ravines , table mountains and rocky regions with undeveloped areas of forest. This diversity
1320-823: The protected area surrounding it that was founded in 1956 and covers 287 km². The German part of the range was also designated in May 2006 as one of the 77 most important national geotopes in Germany by the Academy of Geosciences in Hanover. In the Bohemian part of the range there has been a protected landscape area in the northeastern region since 1972 called the Elbe Sandstone Protected Landscape Area with an area of 324 km . In 2000, Bohemian Switzerland National Park
1386-458: The Elbe Sandstone Mountains are the furrows with parallel ridges between them ( grykes and clints ) that look like cart ruts and which are particularly common, as well as extensive cave systems. They are occasionally described by the term pseudokarst . The application of the concept to several erosion formations in the sandstone of this mountain range is however contentious. Czech geologists have identified in quartzite-cemented sandstone areas in
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#17328551955791452-746: The Elbe from the Saxon town of Pirna in the northwest toward Bohemian Děčín in the southeast. Their highest peak with 723 m (2,372 ft) is the Děčínský Sněžník in Bohemian Switzerland on the left bank of the river in Bohemian Switzerland north of Děčín. The mountain range links the Ore Mountains in the west with the Lusatian Highlands range of the Sudetes in the east. Saxon Switzerland and
1518-530: The German side. In both countries, core parts of the mountain range have been declared a national park. The name derives from the sandstone which was carved by erosion. The river Elbe breaks through the mountain range in a steep and narrow valley. The Saxon Switzerland and Bohemian Switzerland national parks, known also as Saxon-Bohemian Switzerland, are located within the territory of Elbe Sandstone Mountains. The Elbe Sandstone Mountains extend on both sides of
1584-622: The Germanic tribes in the Elbe Valley, who had lived in the area for a couple of centuries from the 4th century BC on. The name Pirna derives from the Sorbian phrase, na pernem , meaning on the hard (stone) and is also related to the Slavic deity Perun , whose cult was present in all Slavic and Baltic territories. The representation of a pear tree in the coat of arms was a later cryptic representation of
1650-622: The Holy Trinity was built in the Baroque style in 1682. It was rebuilt to its present form in 1859, after it was damaged by a fire. Děčínský Sněžník is known for its observation tower. It is a 33 metres (108 ft) high stone tower. Built in 1864, it is one of the oldest observation towers in Bohemia. The chapel on Děčínský Sněžník was built in 1909. Jílové is twinned with: Elbe Sandstone Mountains The Elbe Sandstone Mountains , also called
1716-572: The Saxon State Office for Monument Protection, is unique in this form in Saxony. In addition, valuable wooden beam ceilings were exposed in numerous houses. In August 2002, the town suffered great damage during the widespread flooding in Europe , reaching its apex on 16 August. Two factors greatly worsened the effect: First, the large earthen structure supporting the railway line acted as a dam, retaining
1782-514: The administrative district Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge . The town's population is over 37,000. Pirna is located near Dresden and is an important district town as well as a Große Kreisstadt . Pirna is located in the vicinity of the Sandstone Mountains in the upper Elbe valley , where two nearby tributaries, Wesenitz from the north and Gottleuba from the south, flow into the Elbe . It
1848-455: The basis of the formation of rock faces and crags. Small variations in the cement composition of the rock can have a visible impact on the landscape. Elbe Sandstone gets its characteristic cuboid appearance from its thick horizontal strata ( massive bedding ) and its vertical fissures . In 1839 Bernhard Cotta wrote about this in his comments on the geognostic map : "Vertical fissures and cracks cut through, often virtually at right angles,
1914-408: The beginning of the 1990s with intensive funding from the urban development funding programs. In the meantime, over 90% of the 300 buildings in the historic old town have been renovated. The number of inhabitants in the redevelopment area of the old town has doubled since the end of the 1990s, from almost 1,000 to almost 2,000 (as of 2013). The market square and the surrounding alleys have developed into
1980-604: The bridge over the Elbe. Though there were only strategic targets most of the over 200 dead were civilians. During the existence of the GDR and its economic model, a so-called planned economy , people mostly worked in publicly owned enterprises : Among other things, Pirna 014 turbines for the 152 jet aircraft developed in the GDR were built at VEB Strömungsmaschinen. All these businesses did not continue to exist for long after reunification, because they were not competitive. The Elbe river
2046-458: The complex shielded it from outside view. Four buildings were located inside this brick-wall shielding. They were used as offices, living rooms for the personnel, etc. Sleeping quarters for the men responsible for incinerating the bodies were provided in the attic of building C 16. It is possible that other sections of the buildings were also used by Action T4 . From end of June 1940 until September 1942, approximately 15,000 persons were killed in
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2112-541: The earth's history are the conical basaltic hills of Růžovský vrch , Cottaer Spitzberg and Raumberg , but also Großer and Kleiner Winterberg . At its southwestern edge the sandstone plate was uplifted by over 200 metres at the Karsdorf Fault , whereby the slab was tilted even more and increased the gradient of the Elbe River. The water masses cut valleys into the rock with their streambeds and contributed in places to
2178-483: The end futile, the town was greatly devastated. About 600 people were murdered ( Pirnaisches Elend , lit. "Misery of Pirna"). In around 1670, based upon recent military developments, the Sonnenstein fortress was built. Only the powerful stonework still exists today. In 1707, Pirna had debts that related to the Great Northern War of more than 100,000 Thalers . On August 29, 1756, the small Saxon army fled before
2244-467: The engineer battalions 12 and 5 of the Royal Saxon field artillery regiment No. 64 were billeted on Rottwerndorfer Straße. In 1922/23, the town incorporated several municipalities including Posta , Niedervogelgesang , Obervogelgesang , Copitz , Hinterjessen , Neundorf , Zuschendorf , Rottwerndorf and Zehista . The population totaled about 30,000 inhabitants. From early 1940 until end of June 1942,
2310-526: The eponymous protected landscape area. The built-up area is situated in the valley of the stream Jílovský potok, a left tributary of the Elbe River. The town is located at the foot of the Děčínský Sněžník mountain, which is the highest peak of the municipal territory at 723 m (2,372 ft) above sea level. Jílové was probably founded as a settlement on an ancient trade route from Bohemia to Lusatia . The nearby Lotarův vrch mountain may already had been
2376-594: The estates were seized by Emperor Ferdinand II and in 1629 granted to the Counts of Thun und Hohenstein . After World War II , the German population was expelled and the Thun und Hohenstein properties were confiscated by the Czechoslovak Republic . Jílové was promoted to a town in 1964. The I/13 road (the section from Teplice to Děčín ) passes through the town. During the tourist season, on weekends and holidays,
2442-464: The fall of the Berlin Wall . The de-industrialization in the course of German reunification , unprecedented in the history of the town, was formative. The immediate transition to a market economy led to the shutdown of a considerable part of the structure-determining industrial companies. In the three largest factories of silk, fluid machinery and cellulose fiber alone, more than 5,000 jobs were lost by
2508-478: The formation of the rock faces. Over time the gradients reduced, the streambed of the Elbe widened out and changed its course time and again, partly as a result of the climatic influences of the ice ages. The mineral composition of the sandstone beds has a direct effect on the morphology of the terrain. The fine-grained form with clayey-silty cement between the quartz grains causes banks and slopes with terracing. The beds of sandstone with siliceous cement are typically
2574-595: The fortress. Only in February 1814 the hospital for the mentally ill was able to open again. In 1837, steamship travel began on the upper Elbe. A few years later, in 1848, a railway line connecting Dresden and Pirna opened. In 1880, the first section of the Sekundärbahn -type railway line from Pirna to Gottleuba, the Gottleuba Valley railway was opened. The line was closed in 1976. In 1894, another railway line opened
2640-582: The grain-cement) as well as a typical but fairly small fossil presence and variably porous strata. After the Cretaceous sea had retreated ( marine regression ), the surface of the land was shaped by weathering influences and watercourses, of which the Elbe made the deepest incision. Later the Lusatian granodiorite was uplifted over the 600 metre thick sandstone slab along the Lusatian Fault and pushed it downwards until it fractured. This northern boundary of
2706-472: The greatest cretaceous sandstone erosion complex in Europe. Human-induced changes caused by nearly 1,000 years of continual sandstone quarrying have also contributed in parts of the sandstone highlands to the appearance of the landscape today. The fissures (called Loose by the quarrymen) played an important role here, because they provided in effect natural divisions in the rock that were helpful when demolishing
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2772-486: The horizontal layers and, as a result, parallelepiped bodies are formed, that have given rise to the description Quader Sandstone.". Quader is German for an ashlar or block of stone, hence the name "Square Sandstone" is also used in English. The term Quader Sandstone Mountains or Square Sandstone Mountains , introduced by Hanns Bruno Geinitz in 1849, is an historical, geological term for similar sandstone deposits, but
2838-569: The late Paleolithic (about 12,000-8000 BC), at the end of the last ice age , are evidence for the earliest human settlement in the area. Later on, people belonging to the Linear Pottery culture , who farmed grain and cattle, lived here during the Neolithic (5500-4000 BC) because of a good climate and Loess soil. Around 600 AD a Slavic group called the Sorbs , who were fishermen and farmers, succeeded
2904-601: The market square and the so-called Kern’sche Haus in the Burgstraße . When in 1989 the Teufelserkerhaus was to be torn down as part of demolition measures in the old town, public demonstrations happened with people shouting “Save Pirna”. From this circle, the Kuratorium Altstadt (literally Old Town Board of Trustees ) was formed, which provided outstanding services during the period of reconstruction which began after
2970-437: The mid-1990s as a result of closure and liquidation by the Treuhandanstalt . It is true that new jobs were created in the service industry; however, these alone could not compensate for such a huge loss. The establishment of new jobs in the manufacturing industry turned out to be difficult, not least because of the lack of a federal highway connection. The reconstruction of the inner town has been advanced considerably since
3036-449: The nature of the rock surface. For example, collapse caves , small hole-like cavities ( honeycomb weathering ) with hourglass-shaped pillars, chimneys , crevices and mighty, rugged rock faces. Many morphological formations in the rocky landscape of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains are suspected to have been formed as a consequence of karstification . Important indicators of such processes in the polygenetic and polymorphic erosion landscape of
3102-433: The northern part of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, karst features in the shape of spherical caverns and cave formations. According to them, these emerged as a result of solution processes by water in complex interactions with iron compounds from neighbouring or intrusive magmatic-volcanic rocks. The variation in relief in these sandstone regions is explained on the basis of these processes. The Elbe Sandstone Mountains are
3168-480: The rocks formed from those sands laid down during the Cretaceous Period. The inlets of a Cretaceous sea, together with marine currents, carried away sand over a very long period of time into a shallow zone of the sea and then the diagenetic processes at differing pressure regimes resulted in the formation of sandstone beds. Its stratification is characterized by variations in the horizontal structure (deposits of clay minerals, grain sizes of quartz, differences in
3234-433: The sandstone deposit lies roughly along the line Pillnitz – Hohnstein – Hinterhermsdorf – Krásná Lípa . In the Tertiary period, the adjacent region of the Central Bohemian Uplands and the Lusatian Mountains was shaped and affected by intense volcanism ; but individual intrusions of magma also forced their way through the sandstone platform of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. The most striking evidence of this phase in
3300-478: The scope of the mass murder by involuntary euthanasia program and the Sonderbehandlung Action 14f13 . The personnel list consisted of about 100 persons. One third of them were reassigned to the extermination camps in occupied Poland, because of their recent experiences in deception, killing, gassing and incinerating of people. There, they were trained by the detachments responsible for organized killing in camps like Treblinka . These killings ceased after pressure
3366-598: The second round. In 2017, Hanke was re-elected with 60.5% of the vote in the first round. In December 2023, Tim Lochner was elected Mayor of Prina. Lochner is independent of a party, but was nominated as a candidate by the right-wing party AfD . It is the first mayor of a city with more than 20,000 inhabitants to be appointed by the AfD. Villages and other municipalities that were incorporated into Pirna: Change of population (from 1960, all figures for December 31) : 1834 until 1946 1950 until 1997 1998 until 2003 1 October 29 2 August 31 Pirna station , on
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#17328551955793432-419: The site of the 1126 Battle of Chlumec between Duke Soběslav I of Bohemia and King Lothair III of Germany , whose exact location is unknown. The first written mention of Jílové (under the name Eulow ) is from 1384 in a deed issued by King Charles IV . A local water castle , erected in the 14th century, was documented in 1554, when it was held by the Lords of Lípa. After the 1620 Battle of White Mountain ,
3498-402: The strategically important castle was upgraded to a fortress by Maurice, Elector of Saxony . Three years later, it withstood the siege by elector John Frederick, Elector of Saxony in the Schmalkaldic War . On April 23, 1639, the town was invaded by Swedish troops under the commander in chief of the Swedish army , Johan Banér . During the five-month long siege of the fortress, which was in
3564-401: The water built up height and thus pressure equally on both sides. Whilst international media mainly concentrated on the impact upon Dresden the impact upon Pirna was proportionately much worse. Schöna and Bad Schandau were also affected heavily. In July 2005, Pirna finally received federal highway access via its own connection, when a section from Dresden to Pirna of the Bundesautobahn 17
3630-415: The water. The mayor in Pirna is elected every seven years. Markus Ulbig (CDU) held this position from 2001 to 2009. He was last confirmed in office on June 8, 2008 with 64.87 percent of the vote. Ulbig was appointed Saxon Interior Minister and the post went to the non-party mayor Christian Flörke. In January 2010 there were new elections in which Klaus-Peter Hanke ( Free Voters ) was elected with 60% in
3696-463: The waters both longer and higher on the towns' side. Second, all the shop-fronts which had been renovated post-unification were practically all kind of sealed in terms of water-tightness: the floodwaters rose outside whilst the shops themselves stayed dry inside; but when reaching certain critical points, the weight of the water then suddenly destroyed these shop-fronts when the windows broke. Ironically, older "leaky" shopfronts did not suffer this fate, as
3762-433: The world. The Elbe Sandstone Mountains have numerous facilities for cure and rehabilitation. The discovery of ferrous and sulphurous sources in Bad Schandau in 1730 led to its development as a health resort and the building of swimming baths . Pirna Pirna ( German: [ˈpɪʁna] ; Upper Sorbian : Pěrno , pronounced [ˈpʲɪʁnɔ] ) is a town in Saxony , Germany and capital of
3828-578: Was also used in connection with the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. The fissures were formed as a result of long-term tectonic stresses on the entire sandstone platform of the mountain range. This network of clefts runs through the sandstone beds in a relatively regular way, but in different directions in two regions of the range. Subsequent weathering processes of very different forms and simultaneous complex deposition (leaching, frost and salt wedging , wind , solution weathering with sintering as well as biogenic and microbial effects) have further changed
3894-504: Was completed. The extension to the Czech border was opened to traffic in December 2006. The inner town and the areas close to the Elbe in Pirna were again affected by severe flooding by the Elbe in June 2013, while still being severe, it failed to meet the record levels of the 2002 flood: The water level of the Elbe reached a height of 9.66 metres (31.7 ft) (2002: 10.58 metres (34.7 ft)). By June 5, 2013, around 7,700 people had to be evacuated, and about 1000 buildings were affected by
3960-423: Was established with an area of 79 km , bringing around 700 km of the range under protection as a natural and cultural landscape. The Elbe Sandstone mountains have been a popular destination for tourists for more than 200 years, and for climbers for more than 100 years. It is also a popular recreation area for the nearby Saxon capital Dresden . Places of interest include the Bastei cliffs near Rathen ,
4026-415: Was exerted on the authorities by the local population. During August and September 1942, the Sonnenstein killing center was closed and incriminating installations such as gas chamber installations and crematorium ovens dismantled. After October 1942, the buildings were used as a military hospital. This part of the town's history was largely unrecognized in Germany until 1989, but after the regime change which
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#17328551955794092-454: Was happening during this period, efforts to remember these catastrophic events began. In June 2000 a permanent exhibition opened, and today a small plaque at the base of Sonnenstein Castle together with the Sonnenstein Memorial provide remembrance. At the end of the war several air raids took place mainly targeting the railway station in Pirna and the Děčín–Dresden Railway . The air raid on April 19, 1945, destroyed all railway tracks and also
4158-410: Was heavily polluted by industry wastewater, especially from the cellulose fiber factory; swimming in the river was no longer possible without dangers to health. In the mid-1980s, around 1,700 un-renovated apartments stood empty in Pirna, 400 of them in the old town. Individual particularly badly dilapidated houses were demolished in the period that followed, for example a house on the southeast corner of
4224-415: Was mentioned for the first time in 1269, probably already existed in the 11th century. In the context of the second Eastern German colonization the town was founded by Henry III , Margrave of Meissen . The streets are aligned from east to west and north to south forming a chessboard-like system. Only the streets east of the church are not aligned in this form, caused by the nearby Burgberg . In 1233, Pirna
4290-460: Was mentioned officially for the first time in a document. In 1293, King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia acquired both town and castle from the Bishop of Meissen . Therefore Pirna belonged to Bohemia until 1405. In 1502, the construction of the new church was begun under Meister Peter Ulrich von Pirna. With the introduction of the Reformation into Saxony in 1539, Anton Lauterbach , a friend of Martin Luther , became pastor and superintendent. In 1544
4356-401: Was the Pirna–Großcotta railway , connecting Pirna with the Lohmgrund , a major location of Saxonian sandstone quarries. It closed in 1999. Pirna became an industrial town in 1862 with the building of factories. Mechanical engineering, glass, cellulose and rayon production also expanded. In 1875, the sandstone Elbbrücke was completed. During the First World War Pirna became a garrison and
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