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23-560: [REDACTED] Look up essai in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Essai may refer to: Essai (coin) , an alternative term for a pattern coin Essaï Altounian , French Armenian singer See also [ edit ] Neauphe-sous-Essai , a commune in the Orne department in north-western France. Studio d'Essai , later called Club d'Essai,

46-674: A center for the Resistance movement in French radio and, later, a center of musical activity All pages with titles containing Essai Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Essai . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essai&oldid=1200100556 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

69-533: A modified version of the Capped Bust Left was introduced, removing much of the bustline ("Capped Head") and giving Liberty an overall larger appearance. This design lasted through 1834. Another modification occurred in 1829 when the diameter of the coin was reduced slightly to 23.8 mm, although the overall design remained unchanged. By 1834, the gold in the half eagle had been worth more than its face value for several years. The Act of June 28, 1834 called for

92-671: A plan for a system of coinage. The first coins struck by the United States – the Nova Constellatio patterns – were made to illustrate this plan. In 1792 the United States Mint opened in Philadelphia . In that year several more patterns were created, including the half dime , then known as a "half disme". It is believed that c. 1,500 pieces were struck as patterns, and that these patterns themselves entered circulation during

115-405: A reduction in the gold used. The weight of the coin was reduced to 8.36 grams, the diameter reduced to 22.5 mm, and the composition changed to .8992 gold and .1008 silver and copper. A new obverse, the "Classic Head", was created by William Kneass for the altered coin. The reverse still depicted the modified eagle introduced in 1813, but " E PLURIBUS UNUM " was removed to distinguish further

138-420: A weight of 8.75 grams, and a reeded edge. The obverse design, or "Turban Head", depicted a capped portrait of Liberty facing to the right. The reverse depicted a small eagle. This type was the first gold coin produced by the new country, with issues from 1795 to 1798. Simultaneously, another type was minted that depicted a larger heraldic eagle on the reverse with the inscription " E PLURIBUS UNUM ". This type

161-454: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Essai (coin) The first English coin that can be identified with certainty is a groat , originally worth fourpence. This piece, an example of which was illustrated and sold in the Dodsley Cuff sale of the mid-19th century, had crowns in place of the usual three pellets in each quarter of

184-493: Is half that of the eagle coin. Production of the half eagle was authorized by the Coinage Act of 1792 , and it was the first gold coin minted by the United States. The design and composition of the half eagle changed many times over the years; it was originally designed by Keenan Barber Ganz. At this time the coin contained .9167 gold and .0833 copper and silver . It had a diameter of approximately 25 mm (0.98 in),

207-654: The French term essai . The essai coins of New Hebrides are of interest to collectors of British Commonwealth coinage, as New Hebrides gained independence in 1980 as the Republic of Vanuatu . The word essai is found inscribed on the pattern coins of Namibia along with the German word Probe . Half Eagle#Draped Bust The half eagle is a United States coin that was produced for circulation from 1795 to 1929 and in commemorative and bullion coins since 1983. Composed almost entirely of gold, its face value of five dollars

230-461: The Philadelphia Mint, there was no longer any silver in the coin - its composition was now .900 gold and .100 copper. However, gold ore used at the southern branch mints of Charlotte and Dahlonega had a high natural silver content, and many of these coins contained up to five percent silver, giving them a distinct so-called "green gold" color. Its weight was virtually the same, 8.359 grams, but

253-553: The United States Mint in Philadelphia. These consisted of several types of patterns: One example of a pattern coin for proposed coinage is the half-union , a gold pattern coin with a face value of 50 U.S. dollars that was minted in 1877 and weighed 2.5 ounces (71 g). The U.S. Mint deemed the idea of a 2.5-ounce gold coin infeasible, and only two were ever minted. Transitional pieces are patterns dated before coins with

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276-608: The diameter was reduced one final time, to 21.6 mm, in 1840, for a gold content of 0.242 Troy Oz. This design was used for nearly 70 years, from 1839 to 1908, with a modest change in 1866, when " IN GOD WE TRUST " was placed on the reverse above the eagle. The Liberty Head half eagle is the only coin of a single design to be minted at seven U.S. Mints: Philadelphia, Dahlonega, Charlotte, New Orleans, San Francisco, Carson City, and Denver. Scarcer dates and coins of higher grades can be worth much more, and all Charlotte, Carson City and Dahlonega pieces are scarce and valuable. In 1908,

299-819: The distinction of being the only denomination for which coins were minted at eight US mints. Prior to 1838 all half eagles were minted in Philadelphia because there were no other operating mints. In 1838, the Charlotte Mint and the Dahlonega Mint produced half eagles of the Coronet type in their first years of operation, and continued to mint half eagles until 1861, their last year of operation. The New Orleans Mint minted half eagles from 1840 to 1861. The San Francisco Mint first produced half eagles in 1854, its first year of operation, as did Carson City in 1870, and Denver in 1906. Although circulating half eagle production

322-414: The final type was first produced and designed by Bela Lyon Pratt . The composition, weight, and diameter of the coin remained unchanged, but both the obverse and reverse were drastically altered. The new design matched the new quarter eagle design of the same date. These two series are unique in United States coinage because the design and inscriptions are stamped in incuse, rather than being raised from

345-470: The new composition. On January 18, 1837, the gold content of this type was increased to .900 in accordance with the Coinage Act of 1837. In 1839 the coin was redesigned again. The new obverse was designed by Christian Gobrecht and is known as the "Liberty Head or "Coronet head". The reverse design remained largely the same, although the value was changed from " 5 D. " to " FIVE D. ". For those struck at

368-453: The new design officially went into circulation. These were often produced during the final stage of the pattern process, used to present the newly adopted design to the public. One famous example is the 1856 Flying Eagle cent , although that coin has been commonly and incorrectly believed to be regular issue due to its high mintage for collectors. Fantasy pieces include many struck in the 1860s and 1870s as patterns and sold to numismatists for

391-436: The next decade. Over the next 40 years, more patterns were created but there is little information currently known about these pieces. Technically, these coins were not patterns but rather off-metal strikes, with the coins struck in a different metal than those destined for general use in circulation. An example is an 1807 Half Eagle , or five dollar gold piece struck in copper. Starting in 1836, more patterns were created by

414-523: The reverse. Patterns are particularly identifiable and exist in larger numbers from the reign of Elizabeth I onwards. The experimental base metal issues of all coinage prior to the mid-18th century have been well preserved. Boulton's mint in Soho produced large quantities of patterns, which were supplemented by Taylor some fifty or so years later from the same dies. After the Declaration of Independence

437-759: The sale of Martha Washington pieces. Mint-produced modern patterns are very rare, with only a few pieces existing in private collections. The United States mint has placed restrictions on the sale of modern patterns that do resemble coins, such as the 1974 aluminum cent . One of the most expansive collections of American pattern coins is the Harry W. Bass, Jr. collection housed at the American Numismatic Association Money Museum in Colorado Springs, Colorado . Pattern coins of France and of French-speaking countries such as Monaco are described by

460-470: The sole purpose of raising cash for the mint. This practice ended in the 1880s, when the U.S. Mint enforced regulations to prevent the sale of pattern coins. The U.S. Mint experiments with new coinage occasionally, such as when silver was removed from coin designs. The Mint began using dies with Martha Washington for trial strikings, since they would not be confused with real circulating money since they do not resemble money. Thus, no restrictions exist on

483-536: The surface, meaning that the flat surfaces are the highest points of the coin. The obverse depicted a Native American head wearing a feathered headdress. The reverse depicted a perched eagle with the inscriptions " E PLURIBUS UNUM " and " IN GOD WE TRUST ". Production of the half eagle was suspended during World War I and not resumed until 1929, the final year of issue. Due to higher demand common date Indian Head half eagles tend to be worth slightly more than common date Liberty Head half eagles. The $ 5 denomination has

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506-408: Was produced through 1807. From 1807 to 1812, a new type designed, referred to as the "Capped Bust Left" (also called to as the "Draped Bust"), was produced by John Reich. The "Capped Bust Left" design featured a round-capped Liberty facing left on the obverse and a modified eagle on the reverse. For the first time, the value " 5 D. " was placed on the reverse of the coin to indicate its value. In 1813

529-464: Was signed on July 4, 1776, discussion arose over what sort of currency should be adopted in the United States. At the time, people in North America relied upon a mixture of foreign coins, none of which were struck to a consistent standard, making day-to-day financial transactions difficult. In 1783, Congress resolved to create a mint, tasking Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris with developing

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