89-525: Escambia County Public Schools ( ECPS ), officially the Escambia County School District ( ECSD ), is the organization responsible for the administration of public schools in all of Escambia County, Florida , in the United States . The district currently administers 35 elementary schools, nine middle schools, and seven high schools, as well as a number of specialized centers. The district
178-442: A 0 to 100 scale, and ratings in the 0 to 20 or 20 to 40 range are rated "F" or "D" respectively, indicating severe performance shortcomings and contributing to a 2 and 3-year process respectively of "restarting" the school. In the 2017–18 school year, Escambia County placed as 52nd of 64 counties in the state by FSA performance, with eleven of thirty-five elementary schools receiving a D rating and three of ten middle schools receiving
267-409: A D rating. No high school performed at a rating of D or below, though Escambia High School and Ferry Pass Middle School both recorded an "I," or Incomplete rating for the 2017-18 school year. Escambia County, Florida Escambia County is the westernmost and oldest county in the U.S. state of Florida . As of the 2020 census , the population was 321,905. The county seat and largest city
356-462: A career, based on a battery of assessments, went up from 34 percent in 2010 to 54 percent in 2013. According to Sarah Butrymowicz from The Atlantic , Kentucky's experience over the past three school years suggests it will be a slow and potentially frustrating road ahead for the other states that are using the Common Core. Test scores are still dismal, and state officials have expressed concern that
445-637: A common, universal assessment based on the Common Core State Standards, other states are choosing to work independently or through these two consortiums to develop the assessment. Florida Governor Rick Scott directed his state education board to withdraw from PARCC. Georgia withdrew from the consortium test in July 2013 in order to develop its own. Michigan decided not to participate in Smarter Balanced testing. Oklahoma tentatively withdrew from
534-537: A female householder with no husband present, and 36.3% were non-families. 28.9% of households were one person and 10.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.96. The age distribution was 21.6% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 26.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.10 males. The median household income
623-473: A four-year term. Commissioners are chosen in partisan elections by voters from the districts in which they live. The board appoints a county administrator to be chief administrative officer of the county, responsible to the commission for the orderly operations of matters within the board's jurisdiction. The current office holders are, In 2011, the US Justice Department ’s Civil Rights Division issued
712-552: A letter detailing the results of its investigation into conditions at Escambia County Jail, which houses roughly 1,300 prisoners. The department found that, although Sheriff David Morgan had recently implemented a series of reforms, conditions at the jail still routinely violated prisoners' constitutional rights. Specifically, the department concluded that known systemic deficiencies, stemming mainly from staffing shortages, subjected prisoners to excessive risk of assault by other prisoners and to inadequate mental health care. Additionally,
801-539: A letter of findings: The Department of Justice concluded from these facts that Escambia County Jail's practices violated the fourteenth amendment 's due process protections for pre-trial detainees, as well as the eighth amendment 's protections for those convicted of a criminal offense. Jail officials must refrain from showing deliberate indifference to conditions of confinement posing an excessive risk of harm to prisoners. Roy L. Austin Jr., deputy assistant attorney general of
890-448: A major change in the way U.S. schools teach mathematics. Rather than a fragmented system in which content is "a mile wide and an inch deep," the new common standards offer the kind of mathematics instruction we see in the top-achieving nations, where students learn to master a few topics each year before moving on to more advanced mathematics. It is my opinion that [a state] will best position its students for success by remaining committed to
979-399: A mile-wide, inch deep curriculum, the standards ask math teachers to significantly narrow and deepen the way time and energy are spent in the classroom. This means focusing deeply on the major work of each grade as follows: This focus will help students gain strong foundations, including a solid understanding of concepts, a high degree of procedural skill and fluency, and the ability to apply
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#17328485613341068-555: A proposal to make the superintendent an elected position again. Effective for the 2007–08 school year, Wedgewood Middle School and Brentwood Middle School students were transferred to Woodham High School, now Woodham Middle School. Brownsville Middle School students were transferred to Warrington Middle School, Brown Barge Middle School students were transferred into the Brentwood Middle School building, and Brownsville, Brentwood, and Wedgewood schools were closed. Effective for
1157-482: A tremendous amount of money, and pushes out the things kids love about school, like art and music". As Common Core is implemented in New York, the new tests have been criticized. Some parents have said that the new assessments are too difficult and are causing too much stress, leading to an "opt-out movement" in which parents refuse to let their children take the tests. Former governor Jeb Bush has said of opponents of
1246-657: Is Pensacola . Escambia County is included within the Pensacola Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county population has steadily increased as the City of Pensacola and its surrounding bedroom communities continue to grow with residential and commercial development. The county is part of the Northwest Florida region of the state. The area had been inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous peoples of varying cultures. Historic American Indian tribes at
1335-498: Is administered by an appointed superintendent and a five-member school board. As of the 2023-2024 school year, the superintendent of schools is Keith Leonard, who serves as the interim superintendent following the dismissal of Dr. Timothy Smith in May 2023. The Escambia County electors voted in November 2018, to switch from an elected superintendent to an appointed superintendent. Prior to 2020,
1424-696: Is currently pending before the Florida Northern District Court. Supporters argue that the book bans help remove inappropriate content. However, researchers determined that less than 3% of the books banned across the United States in 2022 were mature (17+) rated. In addition, Vicki Baggett, a Northview High School language-arts teacher, asked for over 100 books to be challenged due to their "political pushes." Books that have been banned include Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner , and Sapphire's Push . The members of
1513-435: Is done in other countries), or whether the curriculum should be separated out into separate year-long algebra and geometry courses (as has been the tradition in most U.S. states). An appendix to the standards describes four possible pathways for covering high school content (two traditional and two integrated), but states are free to organize the content any way they want. The Common Core State Standards for Mathematics shifted
1602-540: The Brookings Institution called into question whether the standards will have any effect, and said that they "have done little to equalize academic achievement within states". In response to the standards, the libertarian Cato Institute claimed that "it is not the least bit paranoid to say the federal government wants a national curriculum." According to a study published by the Pioneer Institute , although
1691-569: The Choctaw word for "cane-brake" or "reed-brake". The Choctaw were another major tribe in the Southeast. Created on the same date, Escambia and St. Johns Counties were Florida's two original counties, covering the entire territory within modern state boundaries. The Suwannee River was the border between them, following a winding path from the northern border of the state to the Gulf of Mexico . Essentially,
1780-734: The District of Columbia joined the Common Core State Standards Initiative; Alabama , Oklahoma , Texas , Virginia , Alaska , Nebraska , Indiana and South Carolina did not. Minnesota adopted the English Language Arts standards but not the Mathematics standards. Following pushback and reductions in financial support, the project lost momentum and at least 12 states introducing legislation to prohibit implementation. Eventually, multiple states that initially adopted
1869-664: The Louisville and Nashville Railroad and the Seaboard Air Line Railroad (predecessors of CSX). The following freight railroads serve Escambia County: Escambia County is served by the West Florida Regional Library System . Escambia County government is led by a five-member Board of County Commissioners. Each is elected from a single-member district . The county commission appoints a professional county administrator as chief administrative officer of
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#17328485613341958-531: The National Education Association , the Common Core State Standards are supported by 76% of its teacher members. Research from the Fordham Institute confirmed that many teachers support Common Core, but also found that the use of multiple methods to teach a single subject negatively impacted students' and parents' perceptions of these standards. The Heritage Foundation argued in 2010 that
2047-605: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has an area of 875 square miles (2,270 km ), of which 656 square miles (1,700 km ) is land and 218 square miles (560 km ) (25.0%) is water. The county jurisdiction includes the island of Santa Rosa south of Pensacola; it is not part of Santa Rosa County proper. Escambia County is part of the Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent Metropolitan Statistical Area . Escambia County, Florida, and Escambia County, Alabama, are two of 22 counties or parishes in
2136-546: The University of Arizona , Phil Daro, Douglas Clements and Student Achievement Partners founders Jason Zimba and Susan Pimentel to write standards in the areas of English language arts and mathematics. Announced on June 1, 2009, the initiative's stated purpose was to "provide a consistent, clear understanding of what students are expected to learn, so teachers and parents know what they need to do to help them". Additionally, "The standards are designed to be robust and relevant to
2225-400: The 111,049 households 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 26.9% of households were one person and 9.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.98. The age distribution was 23.5% under
2314-405: The 2018-19 school year, Woodham Middle School students were transferred to Ferry Pass Middle School, Workman Middle School, Warrington Middle School, and Beulah Middle School. This was in preparation for Woodham's former campus to be refitted into a new campus for West Florida High School of Advanced Technology. Pensacola Beach Elementary School, which became a charter school in 2001, is a part of
2403-559: The ACT college readiness assessment, reported that there is a disconnect between what is emphasized in the Common Core and what is deemed important for college readiness by some college instructors. ACT has been a proponent of the Common Core Standards, and Chief Executive Officer Martin Roorda stated that "ACT's findings should not be interpreted as a rebuke of the Common Core." Kentucky was
2492-558: The Civil Rights Division's Special Litigation Section. The findings letter is available on the department's website. According to the secretary of state's office, Republicans constitute a plurality of registered voters in Escambia County. Escambia County is very conservative for an urban county. Before 1994, the area traditionally voted Democratic in local elections and sent Democrats to the U.S. House of Representatives and
2581-511: The Civil Rights Division, commended Sheriff Morgan for his willingness to remedy problems identified during the course of the investigation. The department conducted this investigation under the Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act (CRIPA) to enforce constitutional mandates. The department's investigation was broad-based. The investigation was conducted by Special Litigation Counsel Avner Shapiro and Senior Trial Attorney David Deutsch of
2670-411: The Common Core Standards decided to repeal or replace them including Indiana, Arizona , Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Florida also abandoned the standard. New York State would eventually replace their version of the Common Core Standards with The Next Generation Learning Standards. Standards were released for mathematics and English language arts on June 2, 2010, with a majority of states adopting
2759-531: The Common Core State Standards ... or any other academic standards common to a significant number of States." Other content areas adopted a national approach to learning standards, such as the Next Generation Science Standards , released in April 2012 and were subsequently adopted by many states. They are not directly related to the Common Core standards, but their content can be cross-connected to
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2848-512: The Common Core State Standards Initiative. It also requires attribution and a copyright notice, except when a state or territory has adopted the standards "in whole". When the CCSS was originally published, there was no intention to publish a common set of standards for English language proficiency development (ELPD). Instead, it was indicated that the ELPD standards would be left to individual states. However,
2937-486: The Common Core State Standards and focusing their efforts on the implementation of the standards and aligned assessments. The standards require certain critical content for all students, including: classic myths and stories from around the world, America's Founding Documents, foundational American literature, and Shakespeare. In May 2013, the National Catholic Educational Association noted that
3026-453: The Common Core standards have never been field-tested and that no one knows whether they will improve education. Nicholas Tampio, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Fordham University , said that the standards emphasize rote learning and uniformity over creativity. Michigan State University 's Distinguished Professor William Schmidt wrote: In my view, the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) unquestionably represent
3115-613: The Common Core's focus on national standards would do little to fix deeply ingrained problems and incentive structures within the education system. Marion Brady, a teacher, and Patrick Murray, an elected member of the school governing board in Bradford , Maine , wrote that Common Core drains initiative from teachers and enforces a "one-size-fits-all" curriculum that ignores cultural differences among classrooms and students. Diane Ravitch , former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Education and education historian, wrote in her book Reign of Error that
3204-1183: The Democratic Party has increased its share of the presidential vote. In 2020, Joe Biden was the first Democratic presidential nominee to win over 40% of the county's vote since Jimmy Carter in 1976. Growth in the Pensacola suburbs as well as the sizable black population has made Escambia County the least Republican-leaning of the Western Panhandle counties. [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from Justice Department Finds Unconstitutional Conditions of Confinement at Escambia County, Fla . United States Department of Justice . [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from Findings Letter of Investigation of Escambia County Jail (PDF) . United States Department of Justice . 30°37′N 87°20′W / 30.61°N 87.33°W / 30.61; -87.33 Common Core State Standards Initiative The Common Core State Standards Initiative , also known as simply Common Core ,
3293-612: The ECSD. The Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) determines which schools in the state of Florida should be considered "Failing." The Florida Standards Assessments (FSA) began phasing out the FCAT in the 2010–11 academic year in response to the inauguration of the Common Core State Standards Initiative under the administration of US President Barack Obama in 2010. FCAT and FSA scores are calculated per subject on
3382-1125: The Escambia county government had jurisdiction over the " panhandle " and " big bend " areas, and St. Johns over the remainder of the entire state. As population increased in the frontier territory, 21 counties were later organized from Escambia county directly or indirectly. They include Jackson (1821), Gadsden (created from Jackson)(1823), Leon (1824), Walton (1824), Washington (created from Jackson and Walton)(1825), Hamilton (1827), Jefferson (1827), Madison (created from Jefferson) (1827), Franklin (1832), Calhoun (1838), Santa Rosa (1842), Wakulla (created from Leon) (1843), Holmes (created from Jackson and Walton) (1848), Liberty (created from Gadsden) (1855), Lafayette and Taylor (created from Madison) (1856), Bay (created from Washington) (1913), Okaloosa (created from Santa Rosa and Walton) (1915), Dixie (created from Lafayette) (1921), and Gulf (created from Calhoun) (1925). The number of counties in Florida since 1925 has been stable at 67. According to
3471-501: The School District is engaged in an "ideologically driven campaign to push certain ideas out of schools." The suit refers to Island Trees School District v. Pico , which says that School Districts cannot decide what content to provide based on narrowly partisan or political grounds. The suit alleges that the School District's logic could be used to ban books on Christianity, America's Founding Fathers, and American war heroes. The case
3560-741: The Top. Development of the Common Core Standards was funded by the governors and state schools chiefs, with additional support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation , Pearson Publishing Company , the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation , and others. The Every Student Succeeds Act , passed in December 2015, replaced No Child Left Behind Act , and prohibited the Department of Education from attempting to "influence, incentivize, or coerce State adoption of
3649-502: The United States with the same name to border each other across state lines. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 321,905 people, 122,169 households, and 74,083 families residing in the county. At the 2010 census there were 297,619 people, 116,238 households, and 74,040 families living in the county. The population density was 449 inhabitants per square mile (173/km ). There were 136,703 housing units at an average density of 206 per square mile (80/km ). The racial makeup of
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3738-414: The age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.10 males. The median household income was $ 35,234 and the median family income was $ 41,708. Males had a median income of $ 31,054 versus $ 22,023 for females. The per capita income for
3827-638: The area is the Pensacola News Journal . There is also a weekly print newspaper, The Independent News . One major network broadcasts from Pensacola, ABC affiliate WEAR . Several major networks are broadcast from nearby Mobile , such as CBS affiliate WKRG , NBC affiliate WPMI-TV , and Fox affiliate WALA . The following is a list of broadcast television stations in the Mobile , Alabama – Pensacola – Fort Walton Beach , Florida market. Cox Communications provides cable television service in
3916-481: The business community, researchers, civil rights groups, and states for feedback on each of the drafts. The standards are copyrighted by NGA Center for Best Practices (NGA Center) and the CCSSO , which controls use of and licenses the standards. The NGA Center and CCSSO do this by offering a public license which is used by State Departments of Education. The license states that use of the standards must be "in support" of
4005-556: The consortium test in July 2013 due to the technical challenges of online assessment. Utah withdrew from the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium in August 2012. The Common Core State Standards have drawn both support and criticism from politicians, analysts, and commentators. Teams of academics and educators from around the United States led the development of the standards, and additional validation teams approved
4094-475: The county have not supported a Democratic presidential candidate since John F. Kennedy in 1960. In 1964, a majority of the county's voters supported Republican nominee Barry Goldwater . In 1968, third-party candidate George Wallace won Escambia County with 54% of the vote. In 1972, Republican Richard Nixon received 80% of the vote. Since 1972, Republican nominees in every presidential election have won an absolute majority in Escambia County, but in recent years,
4183-499: The county was $ 18,641. About 12.1% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 23.7% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those age 65 or over. Public primary and secondary education schools in Pensacola are administered by the Escambia County School District , the county's only school district. The University of West Florida , Pensacola State College , and Pensacola Christian College are in Escambia County. The largest daily print newspaper in
4272-421: The county was 68.9% White, 22.9% Black or African American, 0.9% Native American, 2.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.3% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 4.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 116,238 households 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, 16.3% had
4361-508: The county's urbanized areas, and television advertising through its subsidiary, Cox Media. Spectrum holds the cable television franchise for the county's mainland rural areas, while Mediacom serves the Pensacola Beach community on Santa Rosa Island. Radio stations in the Pensacola / Mobile market: Escambia County is served by buses run by Escambia County Area Transit . Pensacola
4450-544: The county. The chief law enforcement authority of Escambia County is the Escambia County Sheriff's Office , also an elective office. The sheriff of Escambia County is Chip Simmons, elected in 2020. The fire protection arm of the Escambia County is the Escambia County Fire Rescue (Florida). Escambia County is divided into five districts. One county commissioner is elected from each district to serve
4539-430: The county. The population density was 444 inhabitants per square mile (171/km ). There were 124,647 housing units at an average density of 188 per square mile (73/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 72.4% White, 21.4% Black or African American, 0.9% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 2.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of
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#17328485613344628-399: The curriculum, not taught as separate courses. Mathematical Modeling is a Standard for Mathematical Practice (see above ), and is meant to be integrated across the entire curriculum beginning in kindergarten. The modeling category does not have its own standards; instead, high school standards in other categories which are intended to be considered part of the modeling category are indicated in
4717-491: The department found that, until recently, the jail had an informal policy and practice of segregating its housing units, reserving one for African-American prisoners. According to the Department of Justice, this race-based segregation stigmatized and discriminated against many of the prisoners, and aggravated racial tensions in the jail. Between April 2012 and March 2013, the prison recorded 176 inmate-on-inmate assaults, including 20 serious head wounds. The investigation released
4806-762: The federal government, neither should we cede it to the consensus of other states." Educational analysts from the Thomas B. Fordham Institute determined that the Common Core standards "are clearly superior to those currently in use in 39 states in math and 37 states in English. For 33 states, the Common Core is superior in both math and reading." In a follow-up study, researchers found that while some states were committed to updating their standards, more resources were still needed to ensure adequate implementation of those standards, including adequate course material, capacity to deliver assessments, and accountability systems. According to
4895-413: The final standards. The teams drew on public feedback that was solicited throughout the process and that feedback was incorporated into the standards. The Common Core initiative only specifies what students should know at each grade level and describes the skills that they must acquire in order to achieve college or career readiness. Individual school districts are responsible for choosing curricula based on
4984-459: The first to implement the Common Core State Standards, and local school districts began offering new math and English curricula based on the standard in August 2010. In 2013, Time magazine reported that the high school graduation rate had increased from 80 percent in 2010 to 86 percent in 2013, test scores went up 2 percentage points in the second year of using the Common Core test, and the percentage of students considered to be ready for college or
5073-545: The five process standards of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics and the five strands of proficiency in the U.S. National Research Council 's Adding It Up report. These practices are to be taught in every grade from kindergarten to twelfth grade. Details of how these practices are to be connected to each grade level's mathematics content are left to local implementation of the Standards. The standards lay out
5162-482: The heart of its philosophy is, as far as we can see, that it is a waste of resources to 'over-educate' people," though the Common Core set only minimum—not maximum—standards. Mark Naison, Fordham University Professor, and co-founder of the Badass Teachers Association , raised a similar objection: "The liberal critique of Common Core is that this is a huge profit-making enterprise that costs school districts
5251-486: The math they know to solve problems inside and outside the classroom. The impetus for assessment was not a function of the Common Core project, but to ensure states' continued compliance with the testing mandates of No Child Left Behind which required standards-aligned assessments in math and ELA in grades 3-8 and once again in high school. Two consortiums formed to create multi-state assessments, taking two different approaches. The final decision of which assessment to use
5340-665: The mathematical and English Language Arts standards within the Common Core . The stated goal of the English Language Arts and Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects standards is to ensure that students are college and career ready in literacy no later than the end of high school. There are five key components to the standards for English and Language Arts: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening, Language, and Media and Technology. The essential components and breakdown of each of these key points within
5429-582: The mathematics content that should be learned at each grade level from kindergarten to Grade 8 (age 13–14), as well as the mathematics to be learned in high school. The standards do not dictate any particular pedagogy or what order topics should be taught within a particular grade level. Mathematical content is organized in a number of domains . At each grade level there are several standards for each domain, organized into clusters of related standards. In addition to detailed standards (of which there are 21 to 28 for each grade from kindergarten to eighth grade),
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#17328485613345518-446: The metaphor "cognitive decapitation" to describe the unfulfilling educational experience students are going through due to the subjects that have been excluded in their curriculum as a result of the Common Core. He notes cognitive decapitation is often experienced in urban schools of color, while white children have the privilege to continue engaging in a creative curriculum that involves the arts. In 2016, ACT, Inc. , administrators of
5607-488: The national debates. All Common Core testing will be done online. This is a bonanza for the tech industry and other vendors. Every school district must buy new computers, new teaching materials, and new bandwidth for the testing. At a time when school budgets have been cut in most states and many thousands of teachers have been laid off, school districts across the nation will spend billions to pay for Common Core testing. Los Angeles alone committed to spend $ 1 billion on iPads for
5696-510: The need for more guidance quickly became apparent, and led to the creation of several initiatives to provide resources to states and educators, including: The U.S. Department of Education has since funded two grants to develop the next generation of ELPD assessments, which must measure students’ proficiency against a set of common ELPD standards, which in turn correspond to the college/career-ready standards in English language arts and mathematics. The new assessment system must also: 41 states and
5785-413: The primary election. If a candidate gets a majority of the vote in the primary, he or she wins, and the race is not on the general election ballot in November. If no candidate has a majority of the vote, the top two are in a run-off on the November ballot. The school board appointed Tim Smith as superintendent. Smith was sworn in on November 17, 2020, replacing Malcolm Thomas, whose term ended. In May 2023,
5874-485: The real world, reflecting the knowledge and skills that our young people need for success in college and careers", which should place American students in a position in which they can compete in a global economy. Work groups composed of representatives from higher education, K-12 education, teachers, and researchers drafted the Common Core State Standards. The work groups consulted educators, administrators, community and parent organizations, higher education representatives,
5963-472: The school board are: Members are elected in their respective districts for a four-year term. Representatives from districts 1, 2, and 3 are elected in non-presidential election years. Representatives for districts 4 and 5 are elected in presidential election years. Although elected by districts, each member is charged by statute with representing the entire school district. Because the school board elections are non-partisan, these races are frequently decided in
6052-416: The school board voted (3 to 2) to terminate Smith's contract. The decision was highly controversial. Assistant Superintendent of Human Resources, Keith Leonard, was selected to serve as the interim superintendent for the 2023-2024 school year. Prior to 2018 voters directly elected the superintendent; voters chose to make the superintendent chosen by the school board that year. In 2023 the school board rejected
6141-485: The skills students graduating from high school needed in order to be prepared to enter credit-bearing courses at two- or four-year college programs or to enter the workforce . In the 1990s, a movement began in the U.S. to establish national educational standards for students across the country. In late 2008, the NGA convened a group to work on developing the standards. This team included David Coleman , William McCallum of
6230-430: The standards are a "set of high-quality academic expectations that all students should master by the end of each grade level" and are "not a national curriculum". Advancing one Catholic perspective, over one hundred college-level scholars signed a public letter criticizing the Common Core for diminishing the humanities in the educational curriculum: The "Common Core adopts a bottom-line, pragmatic approach to education and
6319-484: The standards are as follows: The stated goal of the mathematics standards is to achieve greater focus and coherence in the curriculum. This is largely in response to the criticism that American mathematics curricula are "a mile wide and an inch deep". The mathematics standards include Standards for Mathematical Practice and Standards for Mathematical Content. The Standards mandate that eight principles of mathematical practice be taught: The practices are adapted from
6408-420: The standards do not specify which content is to be taught at each grade level, nor does the Common Core prescribe how a particular standard should be taught. Up to Grade 8, the curriculum is integrated ; students study four or five different mathematical domains every year. The standards do not dictate whether the curriculum should continue to be integrated in high school with study of several domains each year (as
6497-547: The standards in the subsequent months. States were given an incentive to adopt the Common Core Standards through the possibility of competitive federal Race to the Top grants. U.S. President Barack Obama and U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan announced the Race to the Top competitive grants on July 24, 2009, as a motivator for education reform. To be eligible, states had to adopt "internationally benchmarked standards and assessments that prepare students for success in college and
6586-437: The standards present an overview of "critical areas" for each grade. There are six conceptual categories of content to be covered at the high school level: Some topics in each category are indicated only for students intending to take more advanced, optional courses such as calculus , advanced statistics, or discrete mathematics . Even if the traditional sequence is adopted, functions and modeling are to be integrated across
6675-483: The standards that while "criticisms and conspiracy theories are easy attention grabbers", he instead wanted to hear their solutions to the problems in American education. In 2014, Bobby Jindal wrote that "It has become fashionable in the news media to believe there is a right-wing conspiracy against Common Core." Diane Ravitch has also stated: The financial cost of implementing Common Core has barely been mentioned in
6764-441: The standards themselves are sound, their method of implementation has failed to deliver improvements in literacy, while numeracy has actually declined, due to the imposition of the mediocre curriculum sequences used in a number of mid-performing states, and the "progressive" teaching methods that are popular among Common Core developers. South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley said her state should not "relinquish control of education to
6853-453: The standards with a star symbol. Each of the six high school categories includes a number of domains. For example, the "number and quantity" category contains four domains: the real number system ; quantities; the complex number system ; and vector and matrix quantities. The "vector and matrix quantities" domain is reserved for advanced students, as are some of the standards in "the complex number system". In high school (Grades 9 to 12),
6942-420: The standards. Textbooks bearing a Common Core label are not verified by any agency and may or may not represent the intent of the Common Core Standards. Some critics believe most current textbooks are not actually aligned to the Common Core, while others disagree. The mathematicians Edward Frenkel and Hung-Hsi Wu wrote in 2013 that the mathematical education in the United States was in "deep crisis", caused by
7031-470: The state legislature, like most of the Western Panhandle. This was particularly the case in the decades of the 20th century when most African Americans were disenfranchised by the state constitution until the federal Voting Rights Act passed. In 1994 incumbent representative Earl Hutto declined to run for reelection. That year, Republican Joe Scarborough was elected to the House of Representatives. Voters of
7120-622: The superintendent was elected in presidential election years. The deputy superintendent of schools is Shenna Payne, a former principal of West Florida High School . On May 17, 2023, the Escambia County School District was sued for allegedly engaging in discriminatory book bans in public school libraries. The lawsuit was filed by Escambia County parents, the PEN America nonprofit, and Penguin Random House. The plaintiffs allege that
7209-482: The tests; the money is being taken from a bond issue approved by voters for construction and repair of school facilities. Meanwhile, the district has cut teachers of the arts, class size has increased, and necessary repairs are deferred because the money will be spent on iPads. The iPads will be obsolete in a year or two, and the Pearson content loaded onto the iPads has only a three-year license. Writer Jonathan Kozol uses
7298-581: The time of European-American settlement were the Pensacola and Muscogee , known among the English as the Creek. Escambia County had been part of Spanish colonial settlement before the United States acquired it in 1818. The county was organized by European-Americans on July 21, 1821; it was named for the Escambia River . The name "Escambia" may have been derived from the Creek name Shambia , meaning "clear water", or
7387-486: The way math was being taught in schools. Both agreed that math textbooks, which were widely adopted across the states, already create "mediocre de facto national standards". The texts, they said, were "often incomprehensible and irrelevant". The Common Core State Standards address these issues and "level the playing field" for students. They point out that adoption of the Common Core State Standards and how best to test students are two separate issues. In 2012, Tom Loveless of
7476-442: The way the United States teaches math in three core ways. They built on the pre-existing standards to emphasize the skills and knowledge students will not only need in college, but in their career and in life as well. The key shifts are: As an example, here is the description of one of the key shifts, a greater focus on fewer topics: The Common Core calls for greater focus in mathematics. Rather than racing to cover many topics in
7565-442: The work place." Though states could adopt other college- and career-ready standards and still be eligible, they were awarded extra points in their Race to the Top applications if they adopted the Common Core standards by August 2, 2010. Forty-one states made the promise in their application. Virginia and Texas were two states that chose to write their own college and career-ready standards, and were subsequently eligible for Race to
7654-423: Was $ 43,707 and the median family income was $ 54,543. Males had a median income of $ 38,878 versus $ 30,868 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 23,773. About 12.7% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 26.4% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. At the 2000 census there were 294,410 people, 111,049 households, and 74,180 families living in
7743-510: Was a scheduled stop on the route of Amtrak 's Los Angeles - Orlando Sunset Limited from 1993 to 2005, when damage to railroad bridges and tracks caused by Hurricane Katrina resulted in cancellation of the route east of New Orleans. Escambia County has had no passenger train service since then. Before the creation of Amtrak in 1971, Pensacola was served by the New Orleans-Jacksonville Gulf Wind , operated jointly by
7832-668: Was an American, multi-state educational initiative begun in 2010 with the goal of increasing consistency across state standards, or what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade . The initiative was sponsored by the National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers . The initiative also sought to provide states and schools with articulated expectations around
7921-648: Was determined by individual state education agencies. Both of these consortiums proposed computer-based exams that include fewer selected and constructed response test items, unlike most states' existing No Child Left Behind tests. As of October 2015, SBAC membership was reduced to 20 members: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, U.S. Virgin Islands, The Bureau of Indian Education, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming. While some states are working together to create
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