28-3172: Erwin may refer to: People [ edit ] Given name [ edit ] Erwin Chargaff (1905–2002), Austrian biochemist Erwin Chemerinsky (born 1953), American legal scholar Erwin Dold (1919–2012), German concentration camp commandant in World War 2 Erwin Hauer (1926–2017), Austrian-born American sculptor Egon Erwin Kisch (1885–1948), Czechoslovak writer and journalist Erwin Emata (born 1973), Filipino mountain climber Erwin James (born 1957), British writer and journalist Erwin Klein (died 1992), American table tennis player Erwin Koeman (born 1961), Dutch footballer and coach Erwin Kramer (1902–1979), East German politician Erwin Kreyszig (1922–2008), American academic Erwin Neutzsky-Wulff (born 1949), Danish author and philosopher Erwin Osen (1891–1970), Austrian mime artist Erwin Panofsky (1892-1968), German-Jewish art historian Erwin Ramírez (born 1971), Ecuadorian football player Erwin Rommel (1891–1944), German field marshal of World War II Erwin Rösener (1902–1946), German Nazi SS officer executed for war crimes Erwin Rosenthal (1904–1991), German-born British Hebrew scholar and orientalist Erwin Sánchez (born 1969), Bolivian football (soccer) player and manager Erwin Schleich (1925–1992), German architect Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961), Austrian physicist Erwin Schulhoff (1894–1942), Czech composer and pianist Erwin Strittmatter (1912–1994), German writer Erwin Teufel (born 1939), German politician Erwin Tulfo (born 1964), Filipino news anchor and radio commentator Erwin Vandenbergh (born 1959), Belgian football player Surname [ edit ] Alan Erwin (1944–2019), chairman of
56-499: A doctorate working under the direction of Fritz Feigl . He married Vera Broido in 1928. Chargaff had one son, Thomas Chargaff. From 1925 to 1930, Chargaff served as the Milton Campbell Research Fellow in organic chemistry at Yale University , but he did not like New Haven, Connecticut . Chargaff returned to Europe, where he lived from 1930 to 1934, serving first as the assistant in charge of chemistry for
84-767: A Christian evangelical, father of film directors Andre and Jon Erwin known as the Erwin Brothers Henry E. Erwin (1921–2002), American airman Jacques Erwin (1908–1957), French actor James Erwin (politician) (1920–2005), American politician and attorney James Erwin (author) (born 1974), American author James Brailsford Erwin (1856–1924), American army general Jean Erwin (1890–1969), New Zealand civilian and military nurse Joe Erwin (born 1956), American entrepreneur and politician John Erwin (born 1936), American actor John Patton Erwin (1795–1857), American politician Jon Erwin (born 1982), American film director, screenwriter, producer, part of
112-796: A Life Before Nature . Chargaff was born on 11 August 1905 to a Jewish family in Czernowitz , Duchy of Bukovina , Austria-Hungary , which is now Chernivtsi , Ukraine . At the outbreak of World War I, his family moved to Vienna, where he attended the Maximiliansgymnasium (now the Gymnasium Wasagasse ). He then went on to the Vienna College of Technology ( Technische Hochschule Wien ) where he met his future wife Vera Broido. From 1924 to 1928, Chargaff studied chemistry in Vienna, and earned
140-674: A character from the manga and anime series Attack on Titan Erwin Sikowitz, a character from the Nickelodeon TV show Victorious Places [ edit ] Erwin, Indiana Erwin, New York Erwin, North Carolina Erwin, South Dakota Erwin, Tennessee Erwin Township, Michigan Erwin Lake , a lake in Minnesota Other [ edit ] Erwin (storm) Erwin,
168-708: A character in the comic User Friendly See also [ edit ] Erwin Data Modeler , CASE tool from Erwin Inc. Earvin Ervin (disambiguation) Ervine Erving (disambiguation) Erwan Irvin Irvine (disambiguation) Irving (disambiguation) Irwin (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Erwin All pages with titles containing Erwin Topics referred to by
196-399: A greater threat to the world than the advent of nuclear technology ." My life has been marked by two immense and fateful discoveries: the splitting of the atom, the recognition of the chemistry of heredity and its subsequent manipulation. It is the mistreatment of nucleus that, in both instances, lies at the basis: the nucleus of the atom, the nucleus of the cell. In both instances do I have
224-407: A professor in 1952. After serving as department chair from 1970 to 1974, Chargaff retired as professor emeritus . After his retirement as professor emeritus, Chargaff moved his lab to Roosevelt Hospital , where he continued to work until his retirement in 1992. He became an American citizen in 1940. During his time at Columbia, Chargaff published numerous scientific papers, dealing primarily with
252-488: Is approximately equal to the frequency of its complementary reverse oligonucleotide. A theoretical generalization was mathematically derived by Michel E. B. Yamagishi and Roberto H. Herai in 2011. Beginning in the 1950s, Chargaff became increasingly outspoken about the failure of the field of molecular biology , claiming that molecular biology was "running riot and doing things that can never be justified". He believed that human knowledge will always be limited in relation to
280-434: Is credited with disproving the tetranucleotide hypothesis ( Phoebus Levene 's widely accepted hypothesis that DNA was composed of a large number of repeats of GACT). Most researchers had previously assumed that deviations from equimolar base ratios (G = A = C = T) were due to experimental error, but Chargaff documented that the variation was real, with [C + G] typically being slightly less abundant. He did his experiments with
308-628: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Erwin Chargaff Erwin Chargaff (11 August 1905 – 20 June 2002) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American biochemist , writer, and professor of biochemistry at Columbia University medical school. A Bucovinian Jew who emigrated to the United States during the Nazi regime, he penned a well-reviewed autobiography, Heraclitean Fire: Sketches from
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#1732855762372336-572: Is that the composition of DNA varies from one species to another, in particular in the relative amounts of A, G, T, and C bases. Such evidence of molecular diversity, which had been presumed absent from DNA, made DNA a more credible candidate for the genetic material than protein . The first empirical generalization of Chargaff's second parity rule, called the Symmetry Principle, was proposed by Vinayakumar V. Prabhu in 1993. This principle states that for any given oligonucleotide, its frequency
364-1364: The Erwin Brothers with his brother Andrew Judy Erwin (born 1950), American politician, educator, and public relations executive Lee Erwin (writer) (1906–1972), American screenwriter Lee Erwin (footballer) (born 1994), Scottish soccer player Mark Wylea Erwin (born 1944), American ambassador May Erwin (1885–1973), American civic leader Michael Erwin (born 1965), Australian rules footballer Mick Erwin (born 1943), Australian rules footballer Mike Erwin (born 1978), American actor Pee Wee Erwin (1913–1981), American jazz trumpeter Ralph Erwin (1896–1943), Austrian-French composer Richard Erwin (1923–2006), American politician Robert Erwin (1934–2020), American jurist Sherri Browning Erwin (born 1968), American novelist Steve Erwin (born 1960), American comics artist Stuart Erwin (1903–1967), American actor Terry Erwin (1940–2020), American entomologist Terry Erwin (American football) (born 1946), American footballer Tex Erwin (1885–1953), American baseball player William Erwin (American football) (1884–1953), American footballer William Portwood Erwin (1895–1927), American flying ace Fictional characters [ edit ] Erwin Smith,
392-1063: The Pasteur Medal (1949); Carl Neuberg Medal (1958); Charles Leopold Mayer Prize ; inaugural Heineken Prize (Amsterdam, 1964); Gregor Mendel Medal (Halle, 1968); and the National Medal of Science (1974). Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1961), the National Academy of Sciences (1965), and the American Philosophical Society (1979) and the German Academy of Sciences . Honorary Doctorate awarded by Columbia University in 1975. Jacques Erwin Jacques Erwin (born Herwin Frédéric Roger Follot ; 22 December 1908 – 7 April 1957)
420-418: The biosphere is something so unheard of, so unthinkable to previous generations, that I only wish that mine had not been guilty of it". Helping a few couples condemned to childlessness towards getting a child may strike the obstetrical cytologist as such a laudable step, but we can see the beginning of human husbandry , of industrial breeding factories ... Who can deny the scientific interest attaching to
448-403: The 1962 Nobel Prize for their work on discovering the double helix of DNA, Chargaff withdrew from his lab and wrote to scientists all over the world about his exclusion. Chargaff warned in his 1978 book Heraclitean Fire of a "molecular Auschwitz " that "the technology of genetic engineering poses a greater threat to the world than the advent of nuclear technology. An irreversible attack on
476-950: The Public Utility Commission of Texas Alec Erwin (born 1948), South African politician Andrew Erwin (born 1978), American film director, screenwriter, producer, part of the Erwin Brothers with his brother Jon Austin W. Erwin (1887–1965), American lawyer and politician Bill Erwin (1914–2010), American actor Brandon Erwin (born 1975), American racecar driver Charles K. Erwin (1837–1905), American businessman and politician Douglas Erwin (born 1958), American paleobiologist Dudley Erwin (1917–1984), Australian politician E. B. Erwin , American politician George Z. Erwin (1840–1894), American politician Greg Erwin (born 1970), American crew chief Guy Erwin (born 1958), American Lutheran bishop Hank Erwin (born 1949), American State Senator in Alabama, USA and
504-445: The complexity of the natural world, and that it is simply dangerous when humans believe that the world is a machine, even assuming that humans can have full knowledge of its workings. He also believed that in a world that functions as a complex system of interdependency and interconnectedness, genetic engineering of life will inevitably have unforeseen consequences . After Francis Crick , James Watson and Maurice Wilkins received
532-793: The department of bacteriology and public health at the University of Berlin (1930–1933) and then, being forced to resign his position in Germany as a result of the Nazi policies against Jews, as a research associate at the Pasteur Institute in Paris (1933–1934). Chargaff immigrated to Manhattan, New York City in 1935, taking a position as a research associate in the department of biochemistry at Columbia University , where he spent most of his professional career. Chargaff became an assistant professor in 1938 and
560-519: The feeling that science has transgressed a barrier that should have remained inviolate. As happens often in science, the first discoveries were made by thoroughly admirable men, but the crowd that came right after had a more mephitic smell. Chargaff died later that year on 20 June 2002 in Manhattan, New York City . He is buried in Mount Carmel Cemetery (Queens) . Honors awarded to him include
588-421: The first of Chargaff's rules . Instrumental in his DNA discoveries were the innovation of paper chromatography , and the commercially-available ultraviolet spectrophotometer tool. Chargaff lectured about his results at Cambridge University in 1952, with Watson and Crick in attendance. Key conclusions from Erwin Chargaff's work are now known as Chargaff's rules . The first and best known achievement
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#1732855762372616-448: The newly developed paper chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometer . Chargaff met Francis Crick and James D. Watson at Cambridge in 1952, and, despite not getting along with them personally, he explained his findings to them. Chargaff's research would later help the Watson and Crick laboratory team to deduce the double helical structure of DNA. The second of Chargaff's rules
644-406: The production of chimaeras , to the study of human embryonic growth in an animal uterus? ... What I see coming is a gigantic slaughterhouse, a molecular Auschwitz, in which valuable enzymes , hormones and so on will be extracted instead of gold teeth. The IVF technique earned his scathing disapprobation. In 1987, "Engineering a Molecular Nightmare" was published in the journal Nature , which
672-501: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Erwin . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erwin&oldid=1257228722 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
700-467: The study of nucleic acids such as DNA using chromatographic techniques. He became interested in DNA in 1944 after Oswald Avery identified the molecule as the basis of heredity . Cohen says that "Almost alone among the scientists of this time, Chargaff accepted the unusual Avery paper and concluded that genetic differences among DNAs must be reflected in chemical differences among these substances. He
728-547: Was actually the first biochemist to reorganize his laboratory to test this hypothesis, which he went on to prove by 1949." Chargaff said of the Avery discovery: "I saw before me (in 1944), in dark contours, the beginning of a grammar of biology", and in 1950 he published a paper with the conclusion that the amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA were roughly the same, as were the amounts of cytosine and guanine . This later became known as
756-560: Was then sent by David Alton and his colleagues in the All-Party Parliamentary Pro-Life Group (APPPLG) to every Westminster MP in an effort to minimise the forthcoming harm caused by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 . Chargaff wrote in 2002 that "There are two nuclei that man should never have touched: the atomic nucleus and the cell nucleus . The technology of genetic engineering poses
784-451: Was to show that in natural DNA the number of guanine units equals the number of cytosine units and the number of adenine units equals the number of thymine units. In human DNA, for example, the four bases are present in these percentages: A=30.9% and T=29.4%; G=19.9% and C=19.8%. This strongly hinted towards the base pair makeup of the DNA, although Chargaff did not explicitly state this connection himself. For this research, Chargaff
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