56-568: Ernest Lou Medina (August 27, 1936 – May 8, 2018) was a captain of infantry in the United States Army . He served during the Vietnam War . He was the commanding officer of Company C, 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry of the 11th Brigade , Americal Division , the unit responsible for the My Lai massacre of 16 March 1968. He was court-martialed in 1971 for his role in that massacre, but acquitted
112-657: A fur trading post at the settlement. The first European settler was Stanislaus Chappu, also known as Chappee. After the War of 1812 , the United States took over this area and the fur trade. They refused to license Canadian traders to operate on the American side of the border, although prior to the war, they and the Americans had easily passed back and forth across the border. John Jacob Astor 's American Fur Company became most prominent in
168-512: A Navy captain became equivalent in rank to an Army colonel . Marinette, Wisconsin Marinette is a city in and the county seat of Marinette County , Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the south bank of the Menominee River , at its mouth at Green Bay , part of Lake Michigan ; to the north is Stephenson Island , part of the city preserved as park. During the lumbering boom of
224-527: A chamber in neighboring Menominee, Michigan in 2005. It now includes more than 400 member businesses. Median household income as of 2011 in Marinette was $ 31,700, compared with $ 43,800 for the state of Wisconsin. Most housing in Marinette was constructed during the decades of the early 20th century. More than half of all homes (53%) were built before 1950, with a plurality of those (45% of all homes) having been built prior to 1940. These numbers are about twice
280-404: A junior rank in the ground and air forces. Many fire departments and police departments in the United States also use the rank of captain as an officer in a specific unit. For the naval rank, a captain is a senior officer of U.S. uniformed services pay grades O-6 (the sixth officer rank), typically commanding seagoing vessels, major aviation commands and shore installations. This rank is used by
336-534: A larger unit such as a battalion or squadron . This rank is used by the U.S. Army , U.S. Air Force , and U.S. Marine Corps . The rank of captain is also used in other organizations outside the military, particularly in fire departments, police, and law enforcement. The insignia for captains in the United States Army was first authorized in 1836. During the American Civil War , the rank of captain
392-475: A little boy that could be anybody's son was shot down by Medina / A platoon led by Lt. L. Calley. The ribbon rack of Captain Medina: Captain (United States) In the uniformed services of the United States , captain is a commissioned-officer rank. In keeping with the traditions of the militaries of most nations, the rank varies between the services, being a senior rank in the naval services and
448-487: A manufacturer of pressure vessels and part of the Samuel, Son and Inc. The county seat includes what is now the eastern neighborhood of Menekaunee, formerly an independent village. The first European-American settlers came to Menekaunee in 1845. For some time Menekaunee was also known as East Marinette. The name Menekaunee is of Menominee origin, from Minikani Se'peu, meaning 'village or town river'. Two Presidents of
504-557: A median income of $ 32,161 versus $ 21,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,852. 9.0% of the population and 6.0% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 10.2% were under the age of 18 and 12.7% 65 or older. No interstate highways pass through Marinette. Historically, the Chicago and Northwestern Railway served Marinette. The CNW's Peninsula 400 (Chicago – Green Bay – Ishpeming) ran until 1969 and its night train counterpart,
560-642: A semi-weekly paper in 1885 and a daily in 1892. In 1903 the paper took over the Marinette North Star and renamed itself as the Marinette Eagle-Star . The following radio stations are licensed to Marinette: AM FM There are no broadcast television stations broadcasting in the Marinette micropolitan area . All area television is handled by the Green Bay television stations. Marinette offers
616-484: Is at 45°5'31" North, 87°37'43" West (45.091983, −87.628714). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 8.13 square miles (21.06 km ), of which, 6.83 square miles (17.69 km ) is land and 1.30 square miles (3.37 km ) is water. Population peaked c. 1900 , and vacillated for a few decades. With the decline in lumbering and restructuring in industry,
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#1732850981645672-456: Is conferred between officers by use of identical pay grade rather than title of rank. The higher the grade, the higher the rank of the officer. For example, an Army, Air Force, Marine, or Space Force captain is equivalent in rank, responsibilities, and grade to a Navy, Public Health Service, NOAA, or Coast Guard lieutenant , all of which are of the third officer grade, or O-3. Similarly, a Navy, Public Health Service, NOAA, or Coast Guard captain
728-663: Is currently no ferry service to Marinette or Menominee. The Marinette area is home to a variety of industries, including shipbuilding , auto parts, chemicals , helicopters , airplane components, pressure vessels , and paper making . Marinette is also a home to the state's biggest Walmart . The Marinette Menominee Area Chamber of Commerce plays an active role in area tourism efforts, and provides venues for small businesses, young employees and professional women to network and learn. The organization also provides opportunities for business people and educators to work together to enhance opportunities for students. The organization merged with
784-475: Is equivalent in rank, responsibilities, and grade to an Army, Air Force, Marine, or Space Force colonel , all of which are of the sixth officer grade, or O-6. Thus, Army, Air Force, Marine, and Space Force colonels together with Navy, Public Health Service, NOAA, and Coast Guard captains wear the silver eagle insignia of the grade of O-6, while Army, Air Force, Marine, and Space Force captains together with Navy, Public Health Service, and Coast Guard lieutenants wear
840-464: Is mentioned in the first stanza of Pete Seeger's Vietnam protest song "Last Train to Nuremberg" (1970), which also referenced Samuel W. Koster , William Calley , and Richard Nixon : Do I see Lieutenant Calley ? Do I see Captain Medina? Do I see Gen'ral Koster and all his crew? Medina is also referenced in the calypso song "The My Lai Incident" (1970) by Trinidad & Tobago artist The Shah: And
896-518: Is the Eagle Herald . It was formed as a result of a merger between the Marinette Eagle-Star and the Menominee Herald-Leader . Printing facilities are at the former Eagle-Star location in Marinette. Owned by Adams Publishing. , the Eagle Herald has a circulation of over 10,000. The paper traces its origins to June 24, 1871, when the Marinette and Peshtigo Eagle was founded. It became
952-738: Is the home to both Theatre on the Bay and Children's Theatre. All performances are held in the Herbert L. Williams Theatre on the UW-Marinette Campus. Together the two organizations traditionally present two musicals and three dramas or comedies annually to the community. Wisconsin State Historical Marker no. 602 honoring animated film director John Hubley is in Marinette at the Stephenson Public Library. Marinette's daily newspaper
1008-1056: Is used by E&LS to serve a few customers there, but is primarily used by the E&;LS for railcar storage. This branch was formerly a Milwaukee Road ( Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad Co.) rail line. The nearest airport is the Menominee-Marinette Twin County Airport in Menominee, Michigan. Historically, direct commercial service to Green Bay-Austin Straubel International Airport , Iron Mountain-Ford Airport , Door County Cherryland Airport , O'Hare International Airport , and Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport as well as connecting flights to Detroit Metropolitan Airport , Capital Region International Airport , and Kent County International Airport were provided by North Central Airlines and Republic Airlines . After declining ridership in
1064-879: The Iron Country, ran until 1960 or 1961. There is currently no passenger rail service in Marinette. Freight rail service is still available. Freight railroad service is now provided by Wisconsin Central Ltd. (WCL), the legal name of the Canadian National Railway Company in Wisconsin. The Escanaba & Lake Superior Railroad also provides freight railroad service to Marinette by means of an Agreement with CN to provide switching services to both CN & E&LS customers in Marinette and to use CN trackage in Marinette to access E&LS customers in Menominee, Mi. The E&LS line from Crivitz Wi. to Marinette
1120-462: The Revolutionary War . A captain was the officer placed in charge of a company of soldiers and was granted a commission from the regimental colonel . A captain was afforded one to several lieutenants , depending on the size of the company, and the captain's commission could be revoked or expired at the end of a particular military campaign. The Continental Navy used the rank of captain as
1176-622: The Silver Star and Bronze Star Medal , Medina was promoted to captain in 1966 and was given command of Charlie Company in Hawaii, prior to its deployment to Vietnam. According to the 1970 investigation by General William R. Peers , Medina: Because Article 4 of the Fourth Geneva Convention excluded South Vietnamese civilians (whose nation was a co-belligerent with the U.S.) from the status of protected persons in interstate wars, Medina
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#17328509816451232-471: The U.S. Navy , U.S. Coast Guard , U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps , the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps , and the U.S. Maritime Service . Seaborne services of the United States and many other nations refer to the officer in charge of any seagoing vessel as "captain" regardless of actual rank. For instance, in the civilian United States Merchant Marine ,
1288-399: The massacre was already well underway. Medina also strongly denied killing any Vietnamese noncombatant at My Lai, with the exception of a young woman whom two soldiers testified that they found hiding in a ditch. When she emerged with her hands up, Medina shot her because, he claimed, he thought she had a grenade. In fact, she was unarmed. The defense lawyers brought up many incidents during
1344-634: The 1980s, commercial service ceased but the airport is available for private aircraft. The closest airport offering commercial transportation is Green Bay-Austin Straubel International Airport in Green Bay, about an hour away. Historically, a ferry named the Ann Arbor connected the twin city of Menominee, Michigan to Frankfort, Michigan via the Sturgeon Bay ship canal in the Door Peninsula, Wisconsin. There
1400-481: The A.W. Stevens farm implement company, and the M & M Paper Company. The saloons accommodated the many single men who worked in the lumber industry. Although lumbering trailed off at the start of the 20th century, with clear cutting of some areas, the town has continued to take advantage of its position along those bodies of water. Three bridges cross the river to connect Marinette to Menominee, Michigan , often called its twin city. Lumbering still contributes to
1456-599: The Son My village. Per Lawrence Colburn: "Then we saw a young girl about twenty years old lying on the grass. We could see that she was unarmed and wounded in the chest. We marked her with smoke because we saw a squad not too far away. The smoke was green, meaning it's safe to approach. Red would have meant the opposite. We were hovering six feet off the ground not more than twenty feet away when Captain Medina came over, kicked her, stepped back, and finished her off. He did it right in front of us. When we saw Medina do that, it clicked. It
1512-470: The United States — John F. Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election and Donald Trump during the 2020 presidential election —have visited the town during their campaigns. Kennedy delivered a speech promoting expanded Farmers Home Administration loans and criticizing Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson , while Trump discussed his administration's manufacturing policy, military buildup, and United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement . Marinette
1568-453: The Vietnam War of Viet Cong suspects and sympathizers faking surrender to use hidden pistols or grenades to harm or kill American military personnel. However, a helicopter crew in the area that day would have a different accounting of Medina's actions. A 3-man crew consisting of WO1 Hugh Thompson , Crew Chief Spec 4 Glenn Andreotta & Gunner Lawrence Colburn witnessed the following at
1624-419: The age of 18 living with them, 44.4% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.6% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.94. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.7% under
1680-415: The age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.3 males (52.8% female, 47.2% male population). For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 31,743, and the median income for a family was $ 41,996. Males had
1736-489: The area economy, but jobs and population declined when the industry slowed. Marinette has a major paper mill ( Kimberly Clark ), and other plants such as Marinette Marine , a shipyard owned by the Italian firm, Fincantieri; Ansul /Tyco, a manufacturer of fire protection systems; Waupaca Foundry , KS Kolbenschmidt US Inc. formerly known as Karl Schmidt Unisia, Inc., cast and machined automotive parts; Samuel Pressure Vessel Group
Ernest Medina - Misplaced Pages Continue
1792-581: The city has lost jobs and population since 1940, as shown in the table at right. As of the census of 2010, there were 10,968 people, 4,934 households, and 2,801 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,605.9 inhabitants per square mile (620.0/km ). There were 5,464 housing units at an average density of 800.0 per square mile (308.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 96.9% White , 0.3% African American , 0.6% Native American , 0.5% Asian , 0.4% from other races , and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of
1848-492: The city. The population density was 1,598 inhabitants per square mile (617/km ). There were 5,553 housing units at an average density of 821.7 per square mile (317.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 97.43% White, 0.37% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.35% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. 1.05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 5,095 households, out of which 28.7% had children under
1904-505: The commander of a sailing vessel at war, with the captain having several lieutenants on board, as well as a sailing master to assist in their duties. This use of the rank carried over into the U.S. Navy . Captain was the highest naval rank from 1775 until 1857, when the United States Congress created the rank of flag officer . With the addition of the ranks of commander and lieutenant commander between lieutenant and captain,
1960-425: The commander of a vessel is also referred to as a captain, and everyone in his boat must abide by his commands. While not an official rank, as in military pay grade, it is an official title. One exception to the rule is when an officer of higher rank than captain, such as admiral, is the officer in charge of one or more seagoing vessel(s), such as a carrier battle group . An admiral is never referred to as "captain". In
2016-588: The country , dating back to 1894. Parochial education in Marinette is provided by the Catholic St. Thomas Aquinas Academy (K–12) and Trinity Lutheran School (K–8). Marinette is home to the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, Marinette Campus , a two-year community college campus connected with the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay . UW–Marinette produces Theatre on the Bay, a community theatre program. The Marinette campus will end all in-person instruction in
2072-670: The double silver bars of the rank insignia of the grade of O-3. Additionally, the O-6 rank of Navy, Public Health Service, NOAA, and Coast Guard captain is abbreviated as uppercase "CAPT", while the O-3 rank of captain is abbreviated as "CPT" for the Army and mixed-case "Capt" for the Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force. In the United States, the rank of captain first appeared in the Continental Army during
2128-550: The fall of 2024, but the campus will continue to be used by the University of Wisconsin Green Bay. The city is also home to Northeast Wisconsin Technical College -Marinette Campus. Marinette shares a hospital, community foundation, newspaper and chamber of commerce with Menominee. Numerous city groups work together to benefit the entire, two-city, two-county community. The University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Marinette Campus,
2184-405: The late 19th century, Marinette became the tenth-largest city in Wisconsin in 1900, reaching a peak population of 16,195. Marinette is the principal city of the Marinette, Wisconsin– Michigan Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Marinette County, Wisconsin and Menominee County , Michigan. The population was 10,968 at the 2010 census . Menominee, Michigan is across the river to
2240-498: The lumbering boom, between 1890 and 1900, the population more than doubled from 7,710 to its peak of 16,195. At that time, it was the tenth-largest city in Wisconsin. It had a wide variety of businesses and a new courthouse , city hall, opera house , two hospitals , a street railway , more than a dozen hotels and boarding houses , thirty saloons, and major industries, including the Marinette Iron Works, Marinette Flour Mill,
2296-533: The military, the United States, his family, and himself." After resigning from the Army, Medina went to work at an Enstrom Helicopter Corporation plant owned by F. Lee Bailey in Menominee, Michigan . Medina moved with his family to Marinette, Wisconsin . He worked in his family's real estate business: Medina, Inc. Realtor in Marinette, Wisconsin. He died on May 8, 2018, at the age of 81. The Vietnam War Song Project has identified two songs referencing Medina. Medina
Ernest Medina - Misplaced Pages Continue
2352-553: The north, and the cities are connected by three bridges. Menominee and Marinette are sometimes described as the " twin cities " of the Menominee River. The town and county were named Marinette after Marie Antoinette Chevalier (1793, Langlade County, Wisconsin – 1865, Green Bay, Wisconsin ), an influential Métis woman who ran a trading post near the mouth of the Menominee River. Of Menominee and French Canadian ancestry, she came to be known as "Queen Marinette." Her father
2408-440: The population. There were 4,934 households, of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
2464-506: The rate of older homes in the rest of the state of Wisconsin. The median value of owner-occupied housing in Marinette is $ 58,100, compared to the state average of $ 112,200. Marinette is served by the Marinette School District. Marinette High School shares a historic football rivalry with the neighboring high school in Menominee , Michigan. The two have hosted the oldest interstate rivalry between two public high schools in
2520-519: The regimental commander. Such was the case in the 1st Mississippi Infantry which was commanded by Captain Owen Hughes after the regiment had lost over half its number at the Battle of Nashville . Because of the ambiguity created by the common use of "captain" for officers of different grades among the Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marine Corps, Navy, NOAA, Public Health Service, and Space Force, equivalency
2576-532: The region, although the fur trade was declining after 1830. In the late 19th century, the city developed rapidly as a port and processing area for lumber harvested in the interior. Logs were floated down the Menominee River and shipped out on Green Bay to communities around the Great Lakes and to the East . In 1853, the population was 478; by 1860 the number of people in the growing community had reached 3,059. Due to
2632-699: The same year. Ernest Medina was born on August 27, 1936, into a Mexican-American family in Springer, New Mexico . In 1952, at age 16, Medina lied about his age to enlist in the Colorado Army National Guard. After a variety of post–high school odd jobs, Medina joined the Regular Army in 1956. He served 12 years in the enlisted ranks (including his time in the National Guard) before being commissioned through Officer Candidate School in 1964. Awarded both
2688-473: The seaborne services, especially for submarine and aviation commands, the commanding officer is often referred to informally as " skipper " whether the officer is a captain or below. For the ground and air forces rank, a captain is of pay grade O-3 (the third officer rank), usually serving as the commander of a company-sized unit in the ground forces, as a flight leader or other squadron officer in air units, or serving as an executive officer or staff officer for
2744-477: The village that became known as Marinette. Their son John B. Jacobs later plotted the town. Chevalier Jacob's husband disappeared during a trading trip. She later married his partner William Farnsworth of the American Fur Company . They also had three children together. Marie Antoinette Chevalier Farnsworth continued with the trading post after Farnsworth left the area for the next frontier at Sheboygan . She
2800-434: Was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.81. The median age in the city was 41 years. 22.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.1% were from 25 to 44; 27.1% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.7% male and 52.3% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 11,749 people, 5,095 households, and 2,975 families residing in
2856-471: Was Bertrand Chevalier, a British trader of French Canadian ancestry, who was involved with an early trading post at Green Bay. Her mother was Lucy, the daughter of Menominee chief, Wauba-Shish (Great Marten). Bertrand Chevalier brought his family, including Marie Antoinette, to Green Bay. There he took a young trading partner, John Jacobs, whom Marie Antoinette later married. They had three children together. In 1823 John and Marie Antoinette Jacobs settled in
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#17328509816452912-412: Was first settled by a small Algonquin band of Menominee people , referred to by the neighboring Ojibwe as "the wild rice people" for their staple crop. The band consisted of 40 to 80 men and their families. They lived at the mouth of the Menominee River in the 17th and 18th centuries, which, according to their creation story, was the tribe's place of origin. Before 1830, French Canadians established
2968-641: Was instead court-martialed in 1971 under Article 77 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) for willingly allowing his men to murder allied civilians at My Lai. Medina denied all the charges and claimed that he never gave any orders to kill Vietnamese noncombatants. Medina's defense team, led by F. Lee Bailey , and a support staff that included Gary Myers , alleged that his men killed Vietnamese noncombatants under their own volition and not under Medina's orders. Medina also testified that he did not become aware that his troops were out of control at My Lai until
3024-534: Was known for her business sense, fairness, and influence in the region, as she had ties to both the Menominee and European communities. After her death, Chevalier was buried in Allouez, Wisconsin . In 1987 her descendants had Chevalier reinterred in a sarcophagus at the Forest Home Mausoleum in Marinette. Her original tombstone is on display at the museum on Stephenson Island in Marinette. The site of Marinette
3080-433: Was our guys doing the killing." In August 1971, Medina was ultimately found not guilty of all charges. His jury deliberations lasted about 60 minutes. Despite his acquittal, the court martial and negative publicity brought Medina's military career to an end. He resigned his commission and left the Army shortly afterward. He later admitted that, during his court martial, he had "not been completely candid to avoid disgracing
3136-521: Was used in both the Union Army and Confederate States Army . The rank was typically held by either junior staff officers or company commanders. In the case of the latter, company officers were normally elected by the men of their unit, unless the officer in question held rank in the Regular Army . In cases where regiments had suffered high casualties, it was not uncommon for a captain to assume duties as
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