33-547: Gärten der Welt ("Gardens of the World") is a public park in Marzahn , Berlin . It was opened on 9 May 1987 as Berliner Gartenschau and was renamed Erholungspark Marzahn in 1991, before adopting its current name in 2017. The total area encompasses more than 100 hectares (250 acres). In 1991, the park was renamed to Erholungspark Marzahn . In October 2000, the Chinese garden is opened as
66-478: A 1.5-kilometre-long (0.93 mi) aerial tramway line serving and crossing the park, built for the expo. 52°32′22″N 13°34′36″E / 52.53944°N 13.57667°E / 52.53944; 13.57667 Marzahn Marzahn ( German pronunciation: [maʁˈt͡saːn] ) is a locality within the borough of Marzahn-Hellersdorf in Berlin . Berlin's 2001 administrative reform led to
99-603: A basic design, but before long, indirect automatic systems using control valves were developed. See History of rail transport in Germany for an overview. In 1920, the manufacturing plant of the first Bayerische Motoren-Werke AG (BMW, established in 1917/1918) located in Munich , Moosacher Straße, became a subsidiary of Knorr-Bremse, delivering brake systems as Süddeutsche Bremsen-AG for the Bavarian Group Administration ,
132-566: A locality of the Lichtenberg district. Marzahn was the site of a labour camp (today a water treatment plant ), where Romani were interned during the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, away from visitors' eyes. As a part of the Nazi Porajmos extermination policy, up to 2000 inmates remained there until 1943, when they were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau , where most of them were gassed. In 1941
165-672: A part of Gärten der Welt (Gardens of the World). This was followed by other gardens, including Oriental, Italian, Balinese, Korean , and Japanese . In 1995, it welcomed 132,000 visitors. By 2007 the number has increased to 650,000. The park was renamed to " Gärten der Welt " in 2017. In 2018 the English garden was open in the park. The park was chosen as the site of the Internationale Gartenausstellung 2017 (IGA 2017), an international horticultural exhibition. Pura Tri Hita Karana
198-436: A separate company that he owned. Knorr promptly put into production an innovative rapid release brake that could bring passenger trains to a halt faster, more safely and consistently. In 1911, the company merged with "Continentale Bremsen-GmbH" to found Knorr-Bremse Aktiengesellschaft (AG). From 1913 onwards, a second manufacturing plant, new headquarters, a heating plant and other annex buildings were erected. During 1918,
231-536: A single electronic-based system, possessing shorter response times and reduced braking distances compared to traditional pneumatic control, and thus greater safety. During the early 1990s, Knorr-Bremse's electro-pneumatic independent brake units were installed into the ICE 1 high speed trainsets operated by DB Fernverkehr . Between 1993 and 1994, the company was reorganised; the rail and commercial vehicles were separated into independent companies; thereafter, management pursued
264-593: A strategy orientated around international expansion. In 1999, a joint venture was created between Knorr-Bremse and Bosch . Three years later, the company acquired the American brake manufacturer Bendix Corporation . During late 2016, Vossloh Electrical Systems was acquired by the company. Knorr-Bremse long held a stake in one of its main European competitors, Haldex . During the mid 2010s, various parties submitted bids to fully acquire Haldex, including Knorr-Bremse;
297-416: Is a German manufacturer of braking systems for rail and commercial vehicles that has operated since 1905. Other products in the company's portfolio include intelligent door systems, control components, air conditioning systems for rail vehicles, torsional vibration dampers, and transmission control systems for commercial vehicles. The Group has a presence in over 30 countries, at 100 locations. In 2022,
330-621: Is a functioning Hindu temple located in the Balinese Garden of the park. It is one of the few Hindu temples of Balinese architecture built outside Indonesia. Nearest metro station is Kienberg (Gärten der Welt) , on the U5 line. Named "Neue Grottkauer Straße" until 2016, it was renamed in that way for the IGA 2017 . The station is also the eastern terminus of the IGA Cable Car ( German : IGA-Seilbahn ),
363-669: The Gärten der Welt (Gardens of the World) project, showing Chinese , Japanese , Balinese, and Korean labyrinths modelled on Hampton Court Palace and Chartres Cathedral , as well as a garden of the Italian Renaissance . After 1989 (as the Berlin Wall fell and Germany reunified), the Marzahn estate became known for being a place synonymous with neo-Nazis and their activities and "foreigners were warned not even to visit there", despite
SECTION 10
#1732848532541396-570: The Prussian-Hessian Railway Company , to supply single-chamber express braking systems , first for passenger and later on for freight trains. The introduction of the "Knorr Druckluft-Einkammerschnellbremse" (K1) compressed-air brake, along with its derivatives, offered considerably enhanced safety performance compared with traditional systems. In the early twentieth century, train guards still had to operate brakes by hand, from so-called "brake vans". The first pneumatic brakes were of
429-501: The "first freed house", still stands today on Landsberger Allee as a memorial to the Soviet victory after the battle. A part of East Berlin from 1949, Marzahn remained a rural site until 1977 when vast housing estates were built on its fields by order of the East German authorities. The construction, carried out in the typical plattenbau prefabricated-building style, dragged on until
462-537: The 1960s, Knorr-Bremse started offering a newly-developed air compressor program to customers; it also made greater use of compressed air to perform various functions, including air suspension , level regulation, pneumatic gearshifts , and door actuation. In 1969, it presented its first disc brake for heavy trucks at the IAA trade fair in Frankfurt ; it comprised a hydraulically -operated hinged caliper brake. By this point,
495-526: The Group's workforce of over 31,000 achieved worldwide sales of EUR 7.15 billion. The Germany engineer Georg Knorr established Knorr-Bremse GmbH in 1905 in Boxhagen-Rummelsburg , Neue Bahnhofstraße, outside Berlin (since 1920 part of Berlin- Friedrichshain ). From the onset, the company benefitted heavily from Knorr's prior experience working on railway braking systems at, Carpenter & Schulze ,
528-626: The area having a significant Russian and Vietnamese community. Marzahn is served by the S-Bahn lines S7 and S75 at the stations Springpfuhl , Poelchaustraße , Marzahn , Raoul-Wallenberg-Straße , Mehrower Allee and Ahrensfelde . Tramway connections to the inner city are provided by the M6 and M8 lines of the Berlin Straßenbahn . [REDACTED] Media related to Marzahn at Wikimedia Commons Knorr-Bremse Knorr-Bremse AG
561-575: The business was reoriented around its core activities. By 1988, the Thiele family had acquired 100 percent of the shares in Knorr-Bremse AG. During 1987, the company revealed its prototype pneumatic disc brake; it would be a sales success, with 20 million Knorr-Bremse disc brakes being in operation across the world by 2024. In 1989, Knorr-Bremse also released its electronic braking system (EBS), which integrated brake control, ABS and traction control into
594-466: The company became the first in Europe to develop a system that applied the brakes simultaneously to all four wheels of a truck as well as its trailer; the resultant reduction in braking distances made a significant contribution to improving road safety. By the end of the 1930s, around 90 percent of all trucks in Germany between 7 and 16 tonnes in weight had been equipped with Knorr-Bremse systems. During 1931,
627-544: The company introduced the Kunze-Knorr freight train brake; for a time, Knorr-Bremse was the only supplier of these new brakes, not just in Germany and other European countries; the innovation was soon credited with a reduction in the rate of major accidents upon the railway. An early cornerstone of Knorr's commercial success was provided by an agreement with the Prussian State Railways , which at that time had formed
660-494: The company introduced two key products, the automatic load-dependent braking system, that was designed to be effectively used on the increasing size, weight, and speed of trucks, and the Knorr Standard Brake (KE brake) train brake with graduated release control valve. The latter received International Union of Railways (UIC) approval and led to sales across 40 different countries, totaling almost 1.3 million units. During
693-531: The company launched a new standard brake for trains, the Hildebrand-Knorr brake (HiK brake). Over the follow three years, improved models suited for a wider range of trains, including express trains, became available as well. Due to its effectiveness, the HiK brake was adopted by 17 countries; by 1955, there were roughly 280,000 units in operation worldwide. The Second World War impacted the company greatly. During
SECTION 20
#1732848532541726-627: The company was already undertaking research into advanced control systems, which included microelectronics and digital techniques, seeking to develop commercially viable innovations for sale. In 1973, Knorr-Bremse established the Knorr Brake Corporation with the purpose of developing a presence in the lucrative North American market. During 1981, the company undertook the first installation of an anti-lock braking system (ABS) as standard equipment upon trucks being produced by MAN Truck & Bus , which had partnered with Knorr-Bremse on
759-614: The company's bid was observed by Haldex's board of directors as having been the most generous, but also to have "done nothing to eliminate or reduce the regulatory risk". By December 2016, it had purchased 86.1 percent of Haldex's shares to strengthen its takeover bid. During mid 2017, the European Commission launched an anti-trust probe into the acquisition. Knorr-Bremse ultimately chose to discountinue its bid, selling on all of its shares in Haldex by June 2022. On 13 October 2022, it
792-545: The company's new main manufacturing plant in Berlin at the Hirschberger Straße/Schreiberhauer Straße next to the Berlin Ringbahn was erected, a tunnelled road permitted direct access between the old and the new sites. A second major sector of activity emerged during 1922 when Knorr-Bremse secured a patent for the use of pneumatic braking systems for commercial road vehicles. One year later,
825-678: The conflict, Knorr-Bremse had manufactured the Swedish light MG35/36 machine guns AKA "Knorr-Bremse machine guns" on behalf of the Wehrmacht . At the conclusion of the war, Germany was split into West and East Germany ; the company's facilities in the eastern part of Berlin were quickly expropriated and dismantled by the Soviets as a part of war reparations . Little remained of the company's operations save for numerous blueprints that several employees had managed to retrieve. During 1946, Knorr-Bremse
858-671: The development of ABS. Four years later, the company secured approval from the Association of American Railroads (AAR) for its recently developed DB 60 direct-release control valve for freight trains; via its US subsidiary , the DB 60 entered use in North America in 1985, where it was commonly used on exceptionally long freight trains hauled by multiple locomotives. In 1985, Knorr-Bremse GmbH merged with Süddeutsche Bremsen AG to form Knorr-Bremse AG, after which numerous structural changes were made and
891-500: The former "Royal Bavarian State Railways". There was no further interest in motor engines for aircraft and automobiles. The engine construction and the company name "BMW" were sold in 1922 to financier Camillo Castiglioni to be combined with the Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (BFW, located not far away), establishing the company a second time. For details see History of BMW and BFW/ Messerschmitt . Between 1922 and 1927,
924-466: The former boroughs of Marzahn and Hellersdorf fusing into a single new borough. In the north the Marzahn locality includes the neighbourhoods of Bürknersfelde and Ahrensfelde , an overbuilt strip of land which once had belonged to the Brandenburg municipality of Ahrensfelde and was incorporated into Berlin in 1990. Marzahn is divided into three zones ( Ortslagen ): The historic village of Marzahn
957-676: The large factory of the Carl Hasse & Wrede machine tool company (now Knorr-Bremse ) was erected, where hundreds of forced labourers were employed. The victims were buried at the nearby Parkfriedhof ; a memorial marks the site. On 21 April 1945, during the opening phase of the Battle of Berlin , the city's eastern district of Marzahn was the first in Berlin to be conquered by the Soviet Red Army under General Nikolai Berzarin 's command. A single-storey building (Landsberger Allee 563), apparently
990-492: The late 1980s. In the course of the considerable population growth Marzahn was separated from Lichtenberg in 1979 to become a borough in its own right and in 1986 the new Hellersdorf district (including Kaulsdorf and Mahlsdorf ) was split from it. In 1987, Marzahn hosted the Berliner Gartenschau , a horticulture show, on the occasion of Berlin's 750th anniversary. The area today called Erholungspark Marzahn includes
1023-581: Was announced that Knorr-Bremse AG had chosen Marc Llistosella to be a member of the Executive Board and CEO. The appointment takes effect as of 1 January 2023. In September 2024, the company acquired Alstom 's American rail signalling business for $ 690 million. Knorr-Bremse not only produces complete braking systems for all types of rolling stock but also door systems, toilets , air conditioning , couplings and windscreen wipers . In 2000, it purchased British manufacturer, Westinghouse Brakes (formerly
Gärten der Welt - Misplaced Pages Continue
1056-606: Was first mentioned as Morczane in a 1300 deed by Margrave Albert III of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, when he granted the estates to the Friedland Cistercian abbey (in today's Neuhardenberg ). After the Thirty Years' War it fell to Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg . The new village church was finished in 1871 according to plans by Friedrich August Stüler , another landmark is the Marzahn post mill , rebuilt in 1994. The village became part of Greater Berlin in 1920, as
1089-664: Was re-established in Volmarstein , West Germany , and efforts commenced to rebuild the company proper. Three years later, its reconstruction was aided by the United States' Marshall Plan , which financed the Deutsche Bundesbahn 's building of 18,000 new freight cars equipped with Knorr-Bremse brake units. During 1953, its new headquarters were completed at the Süddeutsche Bremsen-AG plant in Munich . That same year,
#540459