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29-463: The most significant portion of the act prohibited a railroad company from demanding that a worker not join a union as a condition for employment (Section 10). The interstate requirement affected individuals who worked on moving trains, such as firemen , brakemen , telegraphers , and conductors , providing that the train transported freight and passengers between states. Workers who maintained railroad cars and station clerks did not come under

58-464: A screw conveyor (driven by an auxiliary steam engine) which feeds the coal into the firebox. The coal is then distributed across the grate by steam jets, controlled by the fireman. Power stations usually use pulverized coal-fired boilers . Vladimir Lenin , disguised as Konstantin Petrovich Ivanov, escaped to Finland in 1917 on train 293 from Udelnaya Station. Hugo Jalava, a co-conspirator and

87-673: A N25S (surface both CVN Class) or N15S (submarines) Navy Enlisted Classification. Additionally, some MMNs are designated as Engineering Laboratory Technicians (NEC N26O for surface, N16O for submariners) in Reactor Laboratories (RL) Division following successful completion of an additional 13 weeks of training. ELTs are water chemistry and radiological controls experts for their commands in addition to maintaining other MMN watchstation qualifications. After completion of required watchstation qualification, submarine ELTs may complete an additional senior in-rate watchstation in order to be assigned

116-651: A railroad stoker when he was 16 or 17. A 14-year-old Martin Luther King Sr . worked as a fireman on the Atlanta railroad. Machinist%27s mate Machinist's Mate (or MM ) is a rating in the United States Navy 's engineering community. It is non-capitalised as machinist's mate when discussing the generic rating rather than as a proper noun when discussing a specific enlisted seaman (Machinist's Mate Jane Doe, MM John Doe) carrying that rating. According to

145-503: A supervisory NEC of N16S. For surface ELTs to achieve the supervisory NEC of N26S, they must complete a list of additional requirements. This designation is important as it garners additional pay and consideration during advancement. Also, on submarines, some MMNs are designated as submarine nuclear propulsion plant emergency welders (NEC N51Z). They go through a two-month school learning welding, brazing, and soldering from Hull Maintenance Technician senior enlisted welders. Each submarine

174-529: A worker during the arbitration process; it also made it illegal to terminate the employment of a worker involved in the dispute while arbitration was pending, except for neglecting duty or inefficiency. In Adair v. United States (1908), the United States Supreme Court declared Section 10 of the Erdman Act unconstitutional . Fireman (steam engine) A fireman , stoker or boilerman

203-409: Is a person who tends the fire for the running of a boiler , heating a building, or powering a steam engine . Much of the job is hard physical labor, such as shoveling fuel, typically coal , into the boiler's firebox. On steam locomotives , the title fireman is usually used, while on steamships and stationary steam engines, such as those driving saw mills , the title is usually stoker (although

232-405: Is the engine room. A mechanic's job in the engine room is to operate the steam plant that provides propulsion, electric power (along with Electrician's Mates ), potable water, and service steam to the ship. Machinist's Mates operate the boilers that generate the steam and use it to operate main engine (propulsion turbines), turbo generators, distilling units, and various auxiliary turbines. This job

261-542: The British Merchant Navy did use fireman ). The German word Heizer is equivalent and in Dutch the word stoker is mostly used too. The United States Navy referred to them as watertenders . The Royal Navy used the rank structure stoker 2nd class , stoker 1st Class , leading stoker , stoker petty officer and chief stoker . The non-substantive (trade) badge for stokers was a ship's propeller . "Stoker" remains

290-701: The Bureau of Naval Personnel (BUPERS), the job of a Machinist's Mate is to "operate, maintain, and repair (organizational and intermediate level) ship propulsion machinery, auxiliary equipment, and outside machinery, such as: steering engine, hoisting machinery, food preparation equipment, refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, windlasses, elevators, and laundry equipment. Operate and maintain (organizational and Intermediate level) marine boilers, pumps, forced draft blowers, and heat exchangers ; perform tests, transfers, and inventory of lubricating oils, fuels, and water. Maintain records and reports, and may perform duties in

319-464: The radiotelegraph , lighting, and water pumps. Only 48 of them survived. Simeon T. Webb was the fireman on the Cannonball Express when it was destroyed in the legendary wreck that killed engineer Casey Jones . Jones's last words were "Jump, Sim, jump!" and Webb did jump, survived, and became a primary source for information about the famous wreck. KFC founder Colonel Sanders worked as

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348-494: The " machinist's mate " rating in 1996. On steam locomotives , firemen were not usually responsible for initially preparing locomotives and lighting their fires. As a locomotive boiler takes several hours to heat up, and a too-rapid fire-raising can cause excess wear on a boiler, this task was usually performed by fire lighters working some hours before the fireman's main shift started. Only on small railways, or on narrow-gauge locomotives with smaller and faster-warming boilers,

377-591: The Engineering Officer (Chief Engineer, or CHENG). Members of "A-gang" may also help Damage Controlman , Gunner's Mates , or other ratings. Some listed attributes apply to Submarine Warfare to include SUBSAFE requirements for work authorization. All systems listed apply to a minimum of valve, pump maintenance repair. "A-gang" rates can be submarine qualified and will go through BESS (Basic Enlisted Submarine School) and then proceed forward to their A-school training specific to Machinist Mate rate where they will learn

406-799: The MM rating. This will affect almost 2000 ENs. The other major place to find Machinist's Mates is in the auxiliaries division of engineering department, often referred to as "A-gang". Mechanics in this role establish training & work on mechanical equipment within and outside of the engine rooms. To include the operation and preventive maintenance of: air conditioning and refrigeration units, liquid oxygen and nitrogen units, hydraulic lifting and hoisting gear, hydraulic power plant components and mechanisms, chilled and fresh water, atmosphere control, ventilation, emergency diesel and corresponding sub-systems, ballast control, auxiliary drain, compressed air and gases, plumbing, trash disposal & other equipment as designated by

435-685: The Naval Weapons Station in Charleston, South Carolina , and two additional NPTUs are land-based prototype units using a modified S5W reactor (MARF DMC) and an S8G reactor located in Ballston Spa, New York . NPTU Idaho (now decommissioned) at the Naval Reactors Facility operated the first prototype from 1953 to the mid-1990s which was for the USS ; Nautilus  (SSN-571) , named S1W ,

464-701: The above-mentioned skills. This schooling takes place in Groton, Connecticut. Some MMs are qualified to work on nuclear propulsion plants. They are designated as Machinist's Mate nuclear (MMN). These mechanics go through a rigorous training program consisting of three months at the Nuclear Field "A" School or in previous years Machinist's Mate "A" School, six months of Naval Nuclear Power Training Command also known as Nuclear Power School, and six months at one of several Nuclear Power Training Units (NPTU). Two NPTUs are moored training ships (MTS) using S6G reactors located at

493-420: The colloquial term for a marine engineering rating, despite the decommissioning of the last coal-fired naval vessel many years ago. Large coal-fueled vessels also had individuals working as coal trimmers , who delivered coal from the coal bunkers to the stokers. They were responsible for all coal handling with the exception of the actual fueling of the boilers. The Royal Canadian Navy had coal-fired ships,

522-411: The generation and stowage of industrial gases." Enlistees are taught the fundamentals of this rating through on-the-job training or formal Navy schooling. Advanced technical and operational training is available in this rating during later stages of career development. Machinist's Mates (submarine) and Machinist's Mate (surface) generally fall into one of three roles: The core job of a Machinist's Mate

551-471: The last of which were replenishment ships. All marine engineers in the RCN, regardless of their platform (CPF, 280 or AOR) are nicknamed stokers. In the United States Navy , watertender (abbreviated WT) was a petty officer rating which existed from 1884 to 1948. Watertenders held a paygrade equivalent to today's petty officer first class . A chief watertender (CWT) paygrade was established in 1903. In 1921,

580-484: The locomotive according to the orders of the engineer (US) or driver (UK). The engine itself was cleaned by an engine cleaner instead of the fireman. Some firemen served these duties as a form of apprenticeship, aspiring to be locomotive engineers themselves. In the present day, the position of fireman still exists on the Union Pacific Railroad , but it refers to an engineer in training. The fireman may operate

609-413: The locomotive under the direct supervision of the engineer. When the fireman is not operating the locomotive, the fireman assists the engineer and monitors the controls. A mechanical stoker is a device which feeds coal into the firebox of a boiler. It is standard equipment on large stationary boilers and was also fitted to large steam locomotives to ease the burden of the fireman. The locomotive type has

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638-403: The lower paygrade was split into watertender first class (WT1 or WT1c) and watertender second class (WT2 or WT2c). Another lower paygrade, watertender third class (WT3 or WT3c), was established in 1943. The watertender and boilermaker ratings were merged into a new " Boilerman " rating in 1948 and continued to 1976 when the rating was changed to "Boiler Technician" and subsequently merged into

667-881: The operation, maintenance, and repair of the auxiliary equipment in support of the Naval reactor(s) under their care. Later in his/her career before the 18th month after reporting to the CVN/SSN/SSBN/SSGN, the MMN must qualify his/her senior in-rate watchstation. The following are for NIMITIZ CVN-68 Class (A4W) of Surface MMN's (Chief Reactor Watch for surface MMNs in Reactor Mechanical (RM) Division or Chief Machinery Operator for those in Machinery Division, and Engine Room Supervisor for submariners and FORD CVN-78 Class (A1B) Surface MMN's). The MMN must wait 5 years and be an E-5/E-6 to earn

696-402: The prototype for the USS  Enterprise  (CVN-65) , named A1W , and S5G , which are all shutdown and defueled. This course of instruction is commonly referred to as "the nuclear-power pipeline". MMNs earn a N25O Navy Enlisted Classification (NEC) (surface) or N15O (submarines) upon completion of prototype. Along with the normal duties of a propulsion mechanic, they are responsible for

725-624: The statute's jurisdiction. While the arbitration system created by the act was voluntary, the results were binding if all sides agreed to arbitrate. Capital and labor each chose one of three arbitrators under the act; if they could not agree upon a third, the government would. The Chair of the Interstate Commerce Commission and the United States Commissioner of Labor, acting in concert, made that choice under those circumstances. The act made it unlawful to strike or fire

754-429: The train's driver, helped to further conceal Lenin by having him work as his stoker. Jalava later recalled that Lenin shovelled with gusto as he fed the engine, making the train run fast. There were approximately 176 stokers on board the coal-fed ocean liner RMS Titanic . During the sinking of the ship, these men disregarded their own safety and stayed below deck to keep the steam-driven electric generators running for

783-801: Was previously performed by Boiler Technicians, however, the BT rating merged with Machinist's Mate in 1997. Machinist's Mates working in the propulsion plants are often referred to as "pit snipes", "hole snipes", or just "snipes" for short. Machinist's Mates responsible for the propulsion plant are found in machinery division (or main engine division, main propulsion division, etc. in some ships), commonly referred to simply as M-Division or MP-Division. On surface nuclear ships, propulsion mechanics are found in Reactor Propulsion Division (commonly still referred to as M-Div), Reactor Mechanical (RM) Division, or Reactor Laboratories (RL) Division. USS  Enterprise

812-522: Was the exception, in that M-Division was still part of Engineering Department, as opposed to Reactor Department. Navy Times of 7 January 2013 reports the Navy will be realigning Machinist's Mate, and Engineman ratings. EN whose primary skills are in maintaining auxiliary engineering will become MMs. EN aboard ship will now concentrate strictly on diesel propulsion which powers many amphibious ships, while all surface shipboard auxiliary machinery work will be under

841-452: Was the fire lit by the fireman. Whoever was responsible for fire-starting would clear the ash from the firebox ashpan prior to lighting the fire, adding water to the engine's boiler, making sure there is a proper supply of fuel for the engine aboard before starting journeys, starting the fire, raising or banking the fire as appropriate for the amount of power needed along particular parts of the route, and performing other tasks for maintaining

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