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45-560: An entertainment district is a type of arts district with a high concentration of movie theaters , theatres or other entertainment venues. Such areas may be officially designated by local governments with functional zoning regulations, as well as public and private investment in distinctive urban design . Entertainment districts have economically helped downtowns and cities thrive through development of various businesses that attract tourism and commerce. As entertainment districts tend to create crowds, facilitation and management by police

90-500: A convention center dedicated to hosting such events. The term MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing, Exhibitions) is widely used in Asia as a description of the industry. The Convention ("C") is one of the most dynamic elements in the M.I.C.E. segment. The industry is generally regulated under the tourism sector . In the technical sense, a convention is a meeting of delegates or representatives. The 1947 Newfoundland National Convention

135-436: A concentration of mutual interests. There may also be some artists' studios located in nearby back-streets. But, as Richard Florida has found from his research, cultural production facilities are often better sited some miles away from cultural consumption facilities - except in some very tolerant cities and in countries where a boisterous alcohol-based nightlife scene does not lead to aggressive and anti-social behaviour. In

180-415: A cultural district has emerged 'naturally,' then it grows from, builds on and validates existing community assets rather than importing assets from outside a community." Indeed, different conceptions of cultural districts include self-organization and emergence in different degrees (e.g. Lazzeretti, 2003; Le Blanc, 2010; Sacco et al., 2013; Stern & Seifert, 2007). Many authors argue that districtualization

225-433: A greater multitude of actors. A useful approach towards a deeper understanding can be to conceive cultural districts as complex adaptive systems . Indeed, complexity is definitely not a management fad and fashion, a mere metaphor or methodology, but a deeper perception of reality. Organizations are classically seen as purpose-driven entities with a structural form, exhibiting a certain degree of order and determinism. Such

270-544: A linear top-down approach to analysis and design, however, exhibits many limitations when used for organizational settings characterized by a complex web of interdependencies. The view of a cultural district as a complex adaptive system suggests new ideas and approaches for policy-makers, designers and managers. It also opens up debate on issues of organizational design and change. All cultural districts are unique, reflecting their cities’ unique environment, including history of land use, urban growth and cultural development. There

315-632: A more holistic and bottom-up approach rather than a linear top-down approach to analysis and design. This does not suggest inhibiting any attempt at prediction or planning. The use of qualitative analysis and rough estimations or agent-based modelling can represent a fertile ground for both future research, policy-making and managerial implications. Notable arts districts in the United States (alphabetical by city): Art districts in London include: Convention (meeting) A convention (or event ), in

360-784: A proposal for a new Constitution for the union. With the guarantee of deliberative assemblies as a mechanism of redress under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution , conventions have proven fundamental in civic actions meant to secure fundamental rights and civil liberties; such as, the Seneca Falls Convention , the Rochester Women's Rights Convention of 1848 , and the National Women's Rights Conventions . Collectively, these conventions directly led to

405-482: A state's constitution, are limited to addressing the constitutional matters of that particular state alone. Nearly all of the sovereign states do not yet have statutory provisions for conventions beyond their permanent legislature, state amendatory conventions , and conventions for ratification of proposals to amend the Constitution . There are no state laws explicitly providing for the election of delegates for

450-554: A vehicle to secure public rights through constitutions, or as a mechanism of redress to amend them. In fact, they have been instrumental to the nation's continued development into the representative democracy it is today. During the Confederation period under the Articles of Confederation , the former British colonies of North America had united to form a wartime confederation of states. One characterized by state representation in

495-475: A way to revitalize the “brownfields” of the urban core: areas of abandoned buildings that encourage businesses and residents to leave the cities . The developing theory of cultural districts increasingly conceives them as development models for local systems, where the term ‘district’ refers to supra-urban area. At supra-urban or regional level the complexity of a cultural district is even more marked than at urban level, due to potential interdependencies among

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540-527: A weak and decentralized central government headed by the unicameral Congress of the Confederation , the precursor to the modern-day United States Senate . One convention of particular note during this time was held between September 11–14, 1786 in Annapolis, Maryland . The Annapolis Convention , was convened primarily to address issues of commerce between the states, but the agenda quickly became focused upon

585-597: A wide range of deficiencies posed by the current frame of government. The convention ended with a resolution by Alexander Hamilton calling for a convention to amend the Articles of Confederation. Following Hamilton's suggestion, the Confederate Congress called a convention “to render the constitution … adequate to the exigencies of the Union.” The Philadelphia Convention begin on May 14, 1787, and ended on September 17, with

630-403: Is a classic example of a state-sponsored political convention. More often, organizations made up of smaller units, chapters, or lodges, such as labor unions , honorary societies , and fraternities and sororities , meet as a whole in convention by sending delegates of the units to deliberate on the organization's common issues. This also applies to a political convention , though in modern times

675-417: Is essentially spontaneous and that the conditions for formation can be recognized and sustained, not created from the top. If the conception of a cultural district as a complex adaptive system were accepted, the design process would be conceived as something more flexible, dynamic and in evolution. Complexity theory and complex adaptive systems should move understanding of supra-urban cultural districts towards

720-399: Is no standard model. Most cultural districts are built to take advantage of other city attractions such as historic features, convention spaces and parks and other natural amenities . Structural considerations within or near the district, community leadership and social forces all influence the development of a cultural district and the type of district that results. Factors influencing

765-409: Is required to promote safety and regulation. The main source that requires police interaction in the entertainment districts are the nightclubs and bars that may promote intoxication and lead to miscreant behavior. Police and security deal with behavior consisting of bar fights, overcrowding, and public urination. The requirement of regulation and maintenance of these areas are important for the safety of

810-541: Is the famous Kreuzberg area in Berlin which from the 1960s became home to artists and squatters and people seeking an alternative lifestyle. Another example is the Shoreditch area in London, which had a large number of old commercial spaces which artists could use. Rather than town planners deciding that a particular area should have theatres and galleries, these spontaneous artists centres are driven by affordability of space and

855-508: The Federal Government of the United States formally recognizes conventions , wherever they may arise in constitutional law , as short-term deliberative assemblies . As such, they are subject to the rights of the People to enjoy free of governmental interference of any kind. Throughout the history of the United States, conventions have served as a mechanism of self-governance , providing

900-664: The General Convention of the Episcopal Church USA and the Southern Baptist Convention . Conventions in general enjoy a long history and rich tradition within the United States due in part to their epistemic, moral, and transformative nature. So much so that they have been stitched into the fabric of American government. There is an abundance of case law , historical precedent, examples of congressional intent , and Constitutional language, that demonstrate that

945-580: The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution securing a woman's right to vote . The Colored Conventions Movement was a series of national, regional, and state conventions held irregularly during the decades preceding and following the American Civil War . These conventions offered opportunities for free-born and formerly enslaved African Americans to organize and strategize for racial justice . These early conventions argued for

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990-498: The UK the term sometimes used is "Cultural quarter" or "Arts quarter". Americans for the Arts defines the following types of cultural districts: Steiner and Butler outline five types of arts districts commonly found in the United States. The creation of a cultural district implies collaboration between the arts and the local community. Cultural districts may be seen by local authorities as

1035-668: The Yellowstone River Compact Commission , Red River Compact Commission , Colorado River Compact , and the Delaware River Basin Commission . Interstate conventions, otherwise known as conventions of states , may be called by the Governor as well, such was the case with a series of meetings from December 15, 1814, to January 5, 1815, collectively known as the Hartford Convention . The convention

1080-573: The Civil War, Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts , resulting in the states that once comprised the Confederate States of America being divided into military districts . These Acts of Congress mandated that the rebel states revise their constitutions by means of conventions of elected delegates, to include the ratification of the thirteenth , fourteenth , and fifteenth amendments to

1125-574: The Constitution. Under Article Five, Congress is obligated to call such a convention when thirty-four states have formally submitted to Congress, a joint resolution known as a state application . To date, the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives has identified nearly two hundred of these applications. Yet, this method of proposal remains elusive and has never occurred in the history of

1170-742: The Convention. Conventions are ubiquitous in the corporate sector and include the State Conventions of the National Association of Realtors and the Annual Convention for the Cleaning Equipment Trade Association for just two of countless examples. Presidential nominating conventions are called by political parties in the United States. They have been a permanent feature of the government since its founding. After

1215-408: The United States Constitution. Congress has also frequently employed conventions for the admission of new states to the Union under Article Four of the United States Constitution . In all, a total of thirty-one states were admitted to the union in this manner. In each and every case, under the authority derived directly from the federal constitution, Congress mandated an election of delegates with

1260-410: The United States dating back well before the ratification of the Constitution, confusion and controversy has emerged in recent decades. Perhaps, most prominent among them is the distinction between what constitutes a state convention and what constitutes a federal convention. Fortunately this can be determined by identification of the convening authority. A federal convention is one called and convened for

1305-476: The United States. Article Five also provides that Congress may choose among two modes of ratification, either by means of state legislatures or by state conventions. To date the state convention ratification mode was used by Congress just once, to ratify the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution which ended prohibition . As a result, many states have statutory provisions providing for

1350-495: The abolition of slavery, equal educational opportunities, land reform, and the merits of emigration out of the United States. Prior to the ratification of the United States Constitution, a convention of independent states would hold sovereign power over the Confederate Congress. However, most of these conventions were called by state legislatures to resolve boundary disputes; others were called for economic purposes; such as

1395-416: The arts community, providing marketing /promotion, box office services and property management; the other targets the district's business and property owners, offering urban design and development services or administrative support. The excitement and attraction of a cultural district is a high mixture of interesting things to do, places to see, and places to visit (both cultural and noncultural), across

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1440-595: The common issues are limited to selecting a party candidate or party chairman. In this technical sense , a congress , when it consists of representatives, is a convention. The British House of Commons is a convention, as are most other houses of a modern representative legislature . The National Convention or just "Convention" in France comprised the constitutional and legislative assembly which sat from September 20, 1792, to October 26, 1795. The governing bodies of religious groups may also be called conventions, such as

1485-639: The convention mode of ratification became enshrined within Article Seven of the United States Constitution . The Constitution was eventually adopted per the provisions of Article Seven as the Supreme Law of the Land through a series of Ratification Conventions that ultimately culminated on May 29, 1790, with the final ratification which was provided by the State of Rhode Island. Despite this long history of conventions in

1530-425: The day and evening. Some artist-activists are promoting the concept of a "Naturally Occurring Cultural District," or NOCD, patterned after the demographic concept of a naturally occurring retirement community . A NOCD "supports existing neighborhood cultural assets rather than imposing arts institutions somewhere new," according to Tamara Greenfield, co-director of NOCD-New York. Co-director Caron Atlas explained: "If

1575-481: The direction of the cultural district varies according to its size, budget, mandated functions and degree of authority, resulting in widespread variation in the coordinated cultural programming and administration services offered by cultural districts. The coordinated agency appointed for the district must work carefully to ensure inclusiveness of concerns and to balance potentially conflicting interests. Cultural districts offer two major types of services : one targets

1620-503: The elections of delegates for future ratification conventions. The Delegates of the Philadelphia Convention chose state conventions instead of state legislatures as the bodies to consider ratification of the Constitution. They broadly believed that ratification by means of conventions would better represent the will of the People and this process "would make the new federal Constitution superior to any specific legislature." Thus

1665-420: The event organizers and attendees. Professional conventions focus on issues of concern along with advancements related to the profession. Such conventions are generally organized by societies or communities dedicated to promotion of the topic of interest. Fan conventions usually feature displays, shows, and sales based on pop culture and guest celebrities. Science fiction conventions traditionally partake of

1710-445: The individuals utilizing and benefiting from the entertainment districts. This article relating to urban planning is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Arts district Such artistic districts can sometimes spontaneously occur in deprived areas where housing and artistic spaces are at enhanced economic level of affordability, due to a perceived low quality of housing or location. A classic example of this

1755-426: The nature of both professional conventions and fan conventions, with the balance varying from one to another. Conventions also exist for various hobbies, such as gaming or model railroads . Conventions are often planned and coordinated, often in exacting detail, by professional meeting and convention planners , either by staff of the convention's hosting company or by outside specialists. Most large cities will have

1800-476: The passage of an enabling act ; such as these notable examples: Among the most enigmatic of all conventions, Article Five of the United States Constitution provides for the calling of a constitutional convention , more commonly known as a Convention to propose amendments , whereby delegates are elected in equal fashion to Members of the United States Congress , to deliberate and propose amendments to

1845-426: The purpose of exercising a federal function under authority deriving directly from the United States Constitution. Conversely, state legislatures only exercise federal functions when they apply to Congress for a convention to propose amendments or when they call a convention to ratify a proposed amendment submitted to the states by Congress. Otherwise conventions called and convened under authority deriving directly from

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1890-415: The sense of a meeting, is a gathering of individuals who meet at an arranged place and time in order to discuss or engage in some common interest. The most common conventions are based upon industry , profession , and fandom . Trade conventions typically focus on a particular industry or industry segment, and feature keynote speakers, vendor displays, and other information and activities of interest to

1935-430: The siting of cultural districts include: perceived need for urban revitalization, existing investment, property value and preexisting cultural facilities. Unlike a cultural center or a shopping mall , a cultural district comprises a large number of property owners, both public and private, who control the various properties involved, hence a structural complexity . The effectiveness of the coordinating agency in guiding

1980-531: Was called to address the ongoing War of 1812 , as well as, an array of problems arising from the growth of the federal government. Single state conventions may be called due to a provision of the state's constitution, by referendum, or in response to amendment proposal from Congress. To date, there have been 233 state-level conventions in the history of the United States, all of which convened to revise or even entirely rewrite their state constitutions. In each and everyone of these convention, delegates were elected to

2025-568: Was the case with the Annapolis Convention that ultimately led to the framing of the Constitution. Since ratification however, it has become widely understood that the Constitution recognizes the authority of states and state legislatures to appoint commissioners to these type of conventions,. Although any agreements they may reach are subject to Congressional approval under the Commerce Clause . Examples of this form of convention include

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