A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify either generation, an official position, or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, Graf in German , Cardinal in Catholic usage – Richard Cardinal Cushing – or clerical titles such as Archbishop ). Some titles are hereditary .
21-412: Emeritus ( / ə ˈ m ɛr ɪ t ə s / ; female version: emerita ) is an honorary title granted to someone who retires from a position of distinction, most commonly an academic faculty position, but is allowed to continue using the previous title, as in "professor emeritus". In some cases, the term is conferred automatically upon all persons who retire at a given rank, but in others, it remains
42-529: A diocesan bishop or auxiliary bishop retires, the word emeritus is added to their former title, i.e., "Archbishop Emeritus of ...". The term "Bishop Emeritus" of a particular see can apply to several people, if the first lives long enough. The title was applied to the Bishop of Rome, Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI , on his retirement. In Community of Christ , the status of emeritus is occasionally granted to senior officials upon retirement. In Judaism , emeritus
63-468: A mark of distinguished service awarded selectively on retirement. It is also used when a person of distinction in a profession retires or hands over the position, enabling their former rank to be retained in their title. The term emeritus does not necessarily signify that a person has relinquished all the duties of their former position, and they may continue to exercise some of them. In descriptions of deceased professors emeriti listed at U.S. universities,
84-575: A person's first name, and not immediately before their surname. Titles are used to show somebody's ordination as a priest or their membership in a religious order . Use of titles differs between denominations . Christian priests often have their names prefixed with a title similar to The Reverend . Military ranks are used before names. The names of shipboard officers, certain shipping line employees and Maritime Academy faculty/staff are preceded by their title when acting in performance of their duties. The names of police officers may be preceded by
105-530: A society or organization. Some titles are used in English to refer to the position of people in foreign political systems Titles used in Rajasthan and other neighbourhood states of India in honour of Rajputs (only): The following are no longer officially in use, though some may be claimed by former regnal dynasties. When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to
126-489: A title such as "Officer" or by their rank. In North America, several jurisdictions restrict the use of some professional titles to those individuals holding a valid and recognised license to practice. Individuals not authorised to use these reserved titles may be fined or jailed. Protected titles are often reserved to those professions that require a bachelor's degree or higher and a state, provincial, or national license. Some titles are used to show one's role or position in
147-552: Is also used in business and nonprofit organizations to denote perpetual status of the founder of an organization or individuals who made significant contributions to the institution. Phil Knight , for example, is the co-founder of Nike , and after decades of being the CEO , he is now the emeritus of the company. Following her decision to retire from Democratic leadership, the House Steering and Policy Committee voted to grant Nancy Pelosi
168-461: Is attested since the early 17th century with the meaning 'having served out one's time, having done sufficient service'. The Latin feminine equivalent, emerita ( / ɪ ˈ m ɛr ɪ t ə / ), is also sometimes used, although in English the word emeritus is often unmarked for gender. A tenured full professor who retires from an educational institution in good standing may be given the title " professor emeritus ". The title " professor emerita "
189-489: Is often a title granted to long-serving rabbis of synagogues or other Jewish institutions. In some cases, the title is also granted to chazzans . Rabbi Emeritus or Cantor Emeritus is largely an honorific title. Since 2001, the honorary title of president pro tempore emeritus has been given to a senator of the minority party who has previously served as president pro tempore of the United States Senate . It
210-399: Is sometimes used for women. In most systems and institutions, the rank is bestowed on all professors who have retired in good standing, while at others, it needs a special act or vote. Professors emeriti may, depending on local circumstances, retain office space or other privileges. The adjective may be placed before or after the title (e.g., "professor emeritus" or "emeritus professor"). When
231-691: The 2023 presidential election and his scheduled resignation on 7 July 2023 from all his positions in the government and as a member of the People's Action Party , as the presidency is a non-partisan office. Lee Hsien Loong was appointed Senior Minister on 15 May 2024 after handing over the office of Prime Minister to Lawrence Wong . The Senior Minister is appointed as part of the Cabinet of Singapore . The incumbent senior ministers are MP for Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC Teo Chee Hean (former Deputy PM) and MP for Ang Mo Kio GRC Lee Hsien Loong (former Prime Minister) from
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#1733105696934252-590: The order of precedence , the position ranks after the prime minister and the deputy prime minister. Senior Ministers also serve as part of the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) and work at the Istana . S. Rajaratnam , Singapore's first Minister for Foreign Affairs , took on the newly created role of Senior Minister in 1985 before retiring in 1988. Prior to that, he served as Deputy Prime Minister between 1980 and 1985. Lee Kuan Yew , Singapore's first Prime Minister ,
273-676: The grounds that titles often lead to assumptions about a woman's age or availability for marriage, and exclude non-binary people. This is in line with established practice advocated by the World Wide Web Consortium and the Government Digital Service which sets the standard for UK government online services. This in turn means that titles are optional on UK passports and driving licences. Family titles in English-speaking countries include: Some job titles of members of
294-670: The legislature and executive are used as titles. In the United Kingdom , "Lord" and "Lady" are used as titles for members of the nobility. Unlike titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs", they are not used before first names except in certain circumstances, for example as courtesy titles for younger sons, etc., of peers. In Scotland " Lord of Parliament " and "Lady of Parliament" are the equivalents of Baron and Baroness in England . These do not confer nobility. "Sir" and "Dame" differ from titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs" in that they can only be used before
315-504: The order of precedence, while Lee Kuan Yew, who was appointed as Minister Mentor , ranked third in the order of precedence. S. Jayakumar relinquished his role as Deputy Prime Minister in 2009 and was appointed as Senior Minister before retiring from politics in 2011. After the 2011 general election , Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew and Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong left the Cabinet but remained as Members of Parliament. Goh accepted an honorary title of Emeritus Senior Minister (ESM); Lee
336-421: The right of the slash. Russian: German: Spanish: Others: Members of legislatures often have post-nominal letters expressing this: Senior Minister of Singapore Senior Minister of Singapore is a position in the Cabinet of Singapore . Holders of this office have previously served as either the prime minister or the deputy prime minister . Among the executive branch officeholders in
357-471: The title emeritus is replaced by an indication of the years of their appointments, except in obituaries , where it may be used to indicate their status at the time of death. Emeritus (past participle of Latin emerere , meaning 'complete one's service') is a compound of the Latin prefix e- (variant of ex- ) meaning 'out of, from' and merere (source of 'merit') meaning 'to serve, earn'. The word
378-527: The title of Speaker Emerita in recognition of her service as Speaker of the House , while newly elected Speaker Mike Johnson referred to his ousted predecessor Kevin McCarthy as Speaker Emeritus . Cabinet of Singapore also adopted the use of emeritus and so far it has been conferred to Senior Minister of Singapore Goh Chok Tong in 2011, when he and then- Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew both stepped down from
399-485: The upcoming cabinet as part of the party's renewal process. Goh retired from politics in 2020 , though his title as an emeritus was kept intact. Honorary title Titles include: Some people object to the usage of titles to denote marital status, age or gender. In 2018, a campaign named GoTitleFree was launched to encourage businesses to stop requesting, storing and using marital status titles in their registration forms, and when speaking with customers, launched on
420-449: Was also offered a similar title but he declined and continued to serve as a Member of Parliament until his death on 23 March 2015 . Between 21 May 2011 and 1 May 2019, the office of Senior Minister was vacant. After this eight-year gap, Teo Chee Hean and Tharman Shanmugaratnam were appointed after they relinquished their positions as Deputy Prime Minister . On 8 June 2023, Tharman Shanmugaratnam announced his intention to run for
441-411: Was appointed as Senior Minister in 1990, after being succeeded by Goh Chok Tong as prime minister. He was ranked second in the order of precedence , superseding the incumbent Deputy Prime Ministers Lee Hsien Loong and Ong Teng Cheong . Goh Chok Tong was appointed Senior Minister in 2004 after handing over the office of Prime Minister to Lee Hsien Loong. As Senior Minister, he was ranked second in
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