Embedded SQL is a method of combining the computing power of a programming language and the database manipulation capabilities of SQL . Embedded SQL statements are SQL statements written inline with the program source code , of the host language. The embedded SQL statements are parsed by an embedded SQL preprocessor and replaced by host-language calls to a code library . The output from the preprocessor is then compiled by the host compiler . This allows programmers to embed SQL statements in programs written in any number of languages such as C/C++ , COBOL and Fortran . This differs from SQL-derived programming languages that don't go through discrete preprocessors, such as PL/SQL and T-SQL .
7-417: The SQL standards committee defined the embedded SQL standard in two steps: a formalism called Module Language was defined, then the embedded SQL standard was derived from Module Language. The SQL standard defines embedding of SQL as embedded SQL and the language in which SQL queries are embedded is referred to as the host language . A popular host language is C. Host language C and embedded SQL, for example,
14-878: Is called Pro*C in Oracle and Sybase database management systems, ESQL/C in Informix , and ECPG in the PostgreSQL database management system. SQL may also be embedded in languages like PHP etc. The SQL standard SQL:2023 is available through purchase and contains chapter 21 Embedded SQL and its syntax rules. IBM Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows supports embedded SQL for C, C++, Java, COBOL, FORTRAN and REXX although support for FORTRAN and REXX has been deprecated. IBM Informix version 14.10 for Linux, Unix, and Windows supports embedded SQL for C. } Mimer SQL for Linux, macOS , OpenVMS and Windows support embedded SQL. SAP Sybase ASE 15.7 supports embedded SQL for C and COBOL as part of
21-457: Is very straightforward: place all SQL code in a separate module, and define an interface between the module containing the SQL code and the host program. Module SQL is closely related to Embedded SQL . "SQL client modules are self-contained collections of SQL statements. Unlike embedded SQL, in which the SQL statements are inserted into the host programming language, SQL client modules are separate from
28-556: The database manipulation capabilities of SQL . Module SQL statements are SQL statements written in an SQL client module, that can be called as routines from the host language program source code like a host language routine. An SQL standard Module Language file is compiled into calls to a SQL runtime library that interacts with the Database management system . This allows programmers to call SQL statements from applications written in regular programming languages. Using Module Language
35-468: The host language . Specified host languages are: (All the languages listed above are optional features, which means that each vendor can decide which language(s) to support.) Mimer SQL 11.0 and later for Linux , macOS , OpenVMS and Windows support module SQL for C/C++, and Mimer SQL for OpenVMS also supports module SQL for COBOL, Fortran and Pascal. Oracle 8.0 supported SQL*Module for Ada but support has been removed in later versions. SQL*Module
42-580: The Software Developer Kit Sybase . SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere supports embedded SQL for C and C++ as part of the SQL Anywhere database management system SQL Anywhere . SAP Sybase IQ supports embedded SQL for C and C++ as part of the Sybase IQ database management system Sybase IQ . Module SQL Module SQL is a method of combining the computing power of a programming language and
49-402: The host language. The host language contains calls that invoke the module, which in turn executes the SQL statements within that module." The SQL:2023 standard (ISO/IEC 9075-2:2023 Information technology — Database languages SQL — Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation), chapter 13 ) defines an SQL module as an SQL client module , and the language in which SQL queries are called is referred to as
#656343