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34-713: It is located between the Santa Ana Mountains to the west, and the Temescal Mountains of the Perris Block and the Temecula Basin to the east. This graben valley is broken into a series of sections by transverse faults . These smaller graben valleys are the Temescal Valley , Elsinore Valley , Temecula Valley and Wolf Valley . The cities of Corona , Lake Elsinore , Murrieta , Temecula , and Wildomar ;

68-593: A highway tunnel through the Santa Ana Mountains, although the multibillion-dollar idea has drawn criticism from environmentalists and others concerned about cost and safety in the earthquake-prone region. While Highway 91 is one of the most congested routes in California, Highway 74 holds a more ominous claim as one of the most dangerous highways in the state. State route 241 starts in Mission Viejo and runs alongside

102-462: A number of high-mountain streams that flow for all or most of the year, although once out of the foothills these waterways are ephemeral . The major streams rising from the western side of the range drain into the Pacific Ocean; these include Peters Canyon Wash , Serrano Creek , San Diego Creek , Aliso Creek , Trabuco Creek , San Juan Creek , and San Mateo Creek . The northern side of the range

136-639: A short peninsular mountain range along the coast of Southern California in the United States. They extend for approximately 61 miles (98 km) southeast of the Los Angeles Basin largely along the border between Orange and Riverside counties. The range starts in the north at the Whittier Fault and Santa Ana Canyon , through which the Santa Ana River flows. To the north of the canyon are

170-436: Is Mediterranean, with warm dry summers and cool wet winters. Annual precipitation totals range from 20 to 30 inches (500–760 mm) in the higher parts of the range above 3,000 feet (910m), as compared to the average of 13–16 inches (350–400 mm) in the coastal plain. Most of the precipitation falls between November and March. The western (coastal) slope is generally moister than the eastern slope. Snow falls during winter on

204-582: Is defined by the Santa Ana River , which heads about 50 miles (80 km) further east, in the San Bernardino Mountains . Santiago Creek drains much of the northern part of the range and empties into the Santa Ana River near downtown Orange . Water from the north-east side of the range empties into Temescal Creek which flows north to the Santa Ana River, or Lake Elsinore which intermittently overflows to Temescal Creek. The southeast end of

238-546: Is formed when the two creeks merge. It flows southwest through the 5 miles (8.0 km) Temecula Canyon at the south end of the Santa Ana Mountains. Along its lower 10 miles (16 km) the river forms a large floodplain as it crosses Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base . It enters the Gulf of Santa Catalina on the Pacific approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of Oceanside . Draining 1,922 square kilometres (742 sq mi),

272-470: Is mentioned in 1795 and there is a February 23, 1836 land grant called Santa Margarita y San Onofre (later renamed Rancho Santa Margarita y Las Flores ). In 1881 the California Southern Railroad followed the route of the river. When the route was completed, it had 241 bridges crossing the river. While it was operating, Chinese Americans worked on the railroad. The route along the river

306-728: The Elsinore Mountains , which are west of Lake Elsinore . San Mateo Peak 3,591 feet (1,095 m) marks the highpoint of this range. Margarita Peak, 3,189 feet (972 m); and Redonda Mesa , 2,825 feet (861 m) are part of the Santa Margarita Mountains , a subrange of the Santa Anas that extends down to Camp Pendleton and Fallbrook . Southeast of the Elsinore Mountains is the Santa Rosa Plateau , named for

340-477: The Rancho Santa Rosa that once encompassed it. At the south end of the plateau there is a steep escarpment from the basalt capped mesas that line it, that descends from about 500 feet at Mesa de Burro to Sandia Creek on the east to about 1800 feet at Avenaloca Mesa to De Luz Creek in the west. From the foot of the escarpment, the mountains and canyons of De Luz, Sandia Creek and others below it, run to

374-677: The Santa Rosa Plateau . Approximately 4,334 acres (1,754 ha) of the middle course of the Santa Margarita River in Temecula Canyon are managed by San Diego State University as the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve , a collaboration of the Bureau of Land Management , California Department of Fish and Wildlife and The Nature Conservancy . The Nature Conservancy has identified and continues to acquire land along

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408-607: The census-designated place of Temescal Valley ; and the Reservation of the Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians are located in the Elsinore Trough. 33°41′N 117°22′W  /  33.683°N 117.367°W  / 33.683; -117.367 This Riverside County, California -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Santa Ana Mountains The Santa Ana Mountains are

442-431: The Santa Ana Mountains was shot and killed in the mountains in 1908. Gray wolf , pronghorn , California condor and possibly jaguar were also once found in the range. A number of minerals have been mined in the range, though none were very profitable. Commercial resources collected since the 1870s have included metals such as lead, silver, tin, and zinc, and minerals such as clay, coal, gypsum, and limestone. Parts of

476-467: The Santa Margarita River include the rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), arroyo chub ( Gila orcuttii ), California killifish ( Fundulus parvipinnis ), striped mullet, longjaw mudsucker, staghorn sculpin. Pacific lamprey ( Entosphenus tridentatus ) recolonized the river in August 2019 for the first time since 1940, the furthest south the species has currently recolonized, 260 miles (420 km) south of

510-551: The Santa Margarita Watershed is the second largest river basin on the Southern California coastal plain. The upper watershed consists of the 575 square kilometres (222 sq mi) Murrieta Creek subwatershed and the 948 square kilometres (366 sq mi) Temecula Creek subwatershed. Although there are two dams in the upper watershed, both dams must release water that roughly corresponds to natural flows in

544-461: The United States, approximately 30.9 miles (49.7 km) long. One of the last free-flowing rivers in southern California, it drains an arid region at the southern end of the Santa Ana Mountains , in the Peninsular Ranges between Los Angeles and San Diego . The Portolà expedition camped on the river on July 20, 1769 and named it for Saint Margaret of Antioch. A Santa Margarita rancheria

578-669: The family, is also located here. The mountains were the site of the Indian massacre of Puhú village in 1831 in Black Star Canyon . As part of the California Floristic Province , the Santa Ana Mountains host a diverse array of plant species within distinctive natural (plant) communities, including coastal sage scrub , chaparral , riparian woodland, southern oak woodland , rocky outcrop, vernal pool , valley grassland , and closed-cone montane coniferous forest . One of

612-587: The foothills of the Santa Ana's while merging with State Route 133 and 261. The highway finishes at the junction with State Route 91. Notes Archival collections Other Santa Margarita River The Santa Margarita River which with the addition of what is now Temecula Creek , was formerly known as the Temecula River , is a short intermittent river on the Pacific coast of Southern California in

646-572: The highest peaks. The mountains were named by members of Gaspar de Portolà 's expedition, who camped below the mountains on July 26, 1769, the Feast Day of Saint Anne . At the time of Portola's visit, the Santa Anas were settled by three main groups of indigenous peoples , the Tongva in the north, the Acjachemen in the west and Payomkowishum in the east and south. A handful of historic sites remain in

680-414: The highest summit in the range — form Saddleback Ridge . Saddleback, located approximately 20 mi (32 km) east of Santa Ana , is visible from much of Southern California. South of Saddleback are Trabuco Peak , 4,613 feet (1,406 m); Los Pinos Peak , 4,510 feet (1,370 m) and Sitton Peak, 3,273 feet (998 m). Elsinore Peak , 3,575 feet (1,090 m) is included in a subrange called

714-606: The lower mainstem has expansive riparian strips, some up to 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) across. Approximately 70 species of special concern (rare, threatened, or endangered) regularly inhabit the watershed, including 30 that are currently protected under the Endangered Species Act . Two federally endangered riparian birds are the least Bell's vireo ( Vireo bellii pusillus ) and the southwestern willow flycatcher ( Emmpidonax traillii extimus )), both of which require riparian habitat for breeding success. Major fishes in

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748-476: The previous location in San Luis Obispo which recolonized in 2017. The successful recolonization has been attributed to a rebuilt weir and new fishway at Camp Pendleton which allowed the lamprey to find passage into the river. Aquatic and semi-aquatic mammals include California golden beaver ( Castor canadensis subauratus ), muskrat, raccoon and long-tailed weasel. Contemporary beaver populations survive at

782-525: The range have been used to graze domestic livestock and harvest timber since the late 18th century. As the surrounding cities have grown, the water of the range's creeks has become a particularly valued resource. The mountains form a natural barrier between the Inland Empire region to the east and the job centers of Orange County to the west. Only one freeway, the Riverside Freeway ( State Route 91 ),

816-632: The range is marked by the Santa Margarita River , which also originates east of the Santa Anas and flows southwest to the Pacific. Runoff from the southeast side of the range drains into Murrieta Creek , a tributary of the Santa Margarita River. Irvine Lake , the largest body of fresh water in Orange County, is in the northwest part of the range near Villa Park . The lake is formed by the Santiago Dam , which impounds Santiago Creek. The climate

850-510: The range today. Registered California Historical Landmarks include an Indian Village Site in Black Star Canyon , Flores Peak named for the outlaw Juan Flores , the mining boomtown sites of Carbondale and Silverado , and Helena Modjeska's home . The Moreno and Machado Adobes of the Rancho Santa Rosa are found on the Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve . Beeks Place , a small house foundation still owned by

884-608: The river for conservation. Downstream from the Ecological Preserve the river flows through lands owned by the Fallbrook Public Utility District , and empties into the Ocean through the largely undisturbed lands of Camp Pendleton . Thus the mainstem flows through undeveloped, protected lands. The river has unusual habitats with the upper mainstem one of the few remaining natural gorge rivers in Southern California and

918-520: The river, ending its over 60-year plan to place a hydroelectric dam on the river; it will be preserved by the Wildlands Conservancy , which utilized funds from bonds authorized by Proposition 68 to purchase the land. The mainstem of the Santa Margarita River begins at the confluence of Temecula Creek and Murrieta Creek , in southwestern Riverside County , east of Interstate 15 , 0.5 miles (0.80 km) southeast of Temecula . The river

952-871: The rugged terrain. Numerous ferns, including large sword ferns, are found under trees and near streams, especially at higher elevations. A surprising variety of wildlife species can be found, including mountain lion , mule deer , bobcat , coyote , gray fox , American badger , ring-tailed cat , spotted skunk , western gray squirrel , long-tailed weasel , dusky-footed woodrat , kangaroo rat , bats , spotted owl , western pond turtle , steelhead , coast horned lizard , least Bell's vireo , golden eagle , mountain quail , canyon wren , speckled rattlesnake , Pacific rattlesnake , common kingsnake , gopher snake , western fence lizard , arroyo toad , western spadefoot toad , California tree frog , California sister butterfly , various Aphonopelma species of tarantula, and many more. The last wild California grizzly bear in

986-474: The smaller Chino Hills in Los Angeles and San Bernardino counties. The northernmost summit of the Santa Anas, at 3,045 feet (928 m), is Sierra Peak. From there, the major summits are Pleasants Peak, 4,007 feet (1,221 m); Bedford Peak, 3,800 feet (1,200 m); and Bald Peak, 3,947 feet (1,203 m). The next two peaks — Modjeska , 5,496 feet (1,675 m); and Santiago , 5,689 feet (1,734 m),

1020-682: The south to the Santa Margarita River . The range ends roughly at the Santa Margarita River. Much of the range is within the Trabuco Ranger District of the Cleveland National Forest , although some parts are still owned by two century-old ranches: the Irvine Ranch (originally known as the Yorba Family's Rancho Lomas de Santiago ) and Rancho Mission Viejo (originally recorded as Rancho Misión Vieja ). The Santa Anas include

1054-639: The southernmost stands of madrones can be found in Trabuco Canyon . Groves of knobcone pine can be found around Pleasants Peak. Big-cone Douglas fir and Coulter pine can be found at the higher elevations. Rare flowers like the intermediate Mariposa lily , heart-leaved pitcher sage (associated with the Tecate cypress ), and chocolate lily are difficult to find. Fragrant sages , broadleaf evergreen shrubs and trees, perennial bunchgrasses , succulents ( Dudleya species), and fire-following flowers grow in

Elsinore Trough - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-456: The tolled Foothill and Eastern Transportation Corridor ( State Route 241 ), and the two-lane Ortega Highway ( State Route 74 ) connect the regions. Highway 91, which follows the Santa Ana River through a pass between the Santa Ana Mountains on the south and the Chino Hills on the north, is one of California's most congested routes. Because of this, several proposals have been floated to excavate

1122-413: The tributaries that they are on. As a result, the flow of water in the Santa Margarita River is very close to what it would be in the absence of those two dams. Below the confluence of Murrieta and Temecula Creeks, the primary tributaries of the Santa Margarita River mainstem are Rainbow Creek on the left (headingdownstream) and Sandia Creek and De Luz Creeks on the right. The two latter creeks drain

1156-557: Was abandoned in 1891. In the early 20th century, following a lawsuit against Vail Ranch in Temecula , water was guaranteed for the river to continue to flow. During much of the 20th century, and into the early 21st century, the river was the subject of a long-running water rights battle between the United States Navy and the Fallbrook Public Utility District . In August 2018, the Fallbrook Public Utility District sold its land on

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