Misplaced Pages

#695304

45-562: Aronson grew up in extreme poverty in Revere, Massachusetts , during the Great Depression . His was the only Jewish family in the neighborhood, and it was not rare for Aronson to be bullied on the way home from Hebrew school by anti-Semitic gangs. He believes that every life's progress is based on a combination of luck, opportunity, talent, and intuition. Although his high school grades were mediocre, his SAT scores were high enough to earn him

90-455: A Beachmont school teacher, sang "The Sword of Bunker Hill," and George Arthur Sackett recited "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere." This poem was previously recited when North Chelsea changed her name to Revere and then again, in 1899, at the dedication of the town hall. In the evening from 8.30 to 9, a reception to the Mayor was held, and then followed a grand ball and banquet. The grand march, headed by

135-471: A child. His undergraduate years at Brandeis brought him closer to a number of respected psychologists, but Maslow was his primary mentor and had the biggest impact on his early academic career. Aronson earned his bachelor's degree from Brandeis in 1954. He went on to earn a master's degree from Wesleyan University in 1956, where he worked with David McClelland , and a Ph.D. in psychology from Stanford University in 1959, where his doctoral advisor and mentor

180-481: A crisis of violence between ethnic groups. Aronson, then at the University of Texas, was called in as a consultant by a school administrator who was also a former student. Aronson noticed that the schools' highly competitive atmosphere was exacerbating the already tense ethnic rivalry. Together with his graduate students, he developed a model of teaching practice to encourage a culture of shared goals and mutual support. In

225-739: A day, until we were almost as smart as our dogs." Aronson has written more than twenty books, including textbooks, popularizations and one book of children's fiction with his granddaughter Ruth Aronson. In 2010, Psychology Press published a book of essays and scholarly articles by his friends, colleagues, and former students celebrating his influence on their work: The Scientist and the Humanist: A Festschrift in Honor of Elliot Aronson. Revere, Massachusetts Juan Pablo Jaramillo Michelle Kelley Marc Silvestri Anthony Zambuto Joanne McKenna Ira Novoselsky Anthony Cogliandro Paul Argenzio Revere

270-514: A female householder with no husband present, 6.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.6% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.41. The age distribution of the population had 20.1% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 31.6% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

315-460: A high Italian American population where they make up 22.7% of the population. The population density was 9,420 inhabitants per square mile (3,640/km ). There were 20,181 housing units at an average density of 3,372 units per square mile (1,302 units/km ). There were 19,223 households and 12,196 families living in the city. Of the households, 43.8% had children under the age of 18, 42.0% were headed by married couples living together, 14.6% had

360-580: A population of 62,186 inhabitants. Revere borders the towns of Winthrop and Chelsea , and the Boston neighborhood of East Boston to the south, Everett and Malden to the west, Saugus and Lynn to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 10 square miles (26 km ), of which 5.9 square miles (15 km )

405-423: A work-study scholarship at Brandeis University. Influenced by his father, he began his college career majoring in economics. However, he promptly changed his major to psychology after accidentally wandering into an Introductory Psychology lecture taught by Abraham Maslow . After attending this lecture, he realized that there was an entire science devoted to exploring the kinds of questions that had intrigued him as

450-503: Is a city in Suffolk County, Massachusetts , located approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) from downtown Boston . Founded as North Chelsea in 1846, it was renamed in 1871 after Revolutionary War patriot Paul Revere . In 1914, the Town of Revere voted to become a city and was incorporated as a city with the inauguration of its first mayor on January 4, 1915. At the 2020 census , the city had

495-475: Is considered muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 10% of the time. July sees the most muggy days, with around 10.2 days fitting this description. "In 1637 the Massachusetts General Court adopted an order that no person or town should receive or entertain a newcomer for more than three weeks without permission. In addition to the desire to keep their colony Puritan, they were also concerned with

SECTION 10

#1732859004696

540-494: Is himself a social psychologist. In 2000, Aronson was diagnosed with macular degeneration and, by 2003, had lost all of his central vision. To cope with his blindness, Aronson decided to get a guide dog, and applied at Guide Dogs for the Blind in 2010. In January 2011 he began a three-week training session with his new guide dog, Desilu, nicknamed Desi. He graduated from the program on February 12, 2011. He said, "They worked us 14 hours

585-493: Is home to a variety of small businesses, residences, and public buildings like Revere City Hall . It is accessible from all sides of the city and is a popular route for those traveling to neighboring municipalities like Saugus , Lynn , and Chelsea . Oak Island is located near the Point of Pines and the end of Revere Beach. It is primarily home to single and multi-family homes and neighbors Revere's marsh and wetlands. Point of Pines

630-454: Is land and 4.1 square miles (11 km ) (40.98%) is water. Revere is home to several distinct neighborhoods and districts: Beachmont is Revere's most easterly neighborhood, situated between Revere Beach Boulevard and East Boston 's Orient Heights . It is home to a diverse ethnic population and a mixture of single and multi-family homes, apartments, and local businesses. Broadway is Revere's central civic, commercial, and travel artery. It

675-455: Is located at the end of Revere Beach and is primarily home to single and multi-family homes. Residents of the Point of Pines neighborhood have access to their own private portion of Revere Beach . Revere Beach Boulevard runs directly along Revere Beach . It is home to a mixture of apartment complexes, restaurants, and single-family homes. New development along the beach has also brought the rise of luxury apartments and fine-dining restaurants to

720-496: Is the most ethnically diverse part of the city and is home to various ethnic grocery stores, restaurants, and community services. West Revere primarily consists of single and multi-family homes. Aside from residential development, West Revere is also home to the Squire Road business district which contains a mixture of large shopping plazas, restaurants, and hotels. Revere's first inhabitants were Native Americans who belonged to

765-603: Is thought to have sometimes lived near the Rumney Marsh. One branch of his family took "Rumney Marsh" as their surname. In 1616, an epidemic, probably smallpox , swept the region, killing thousands in its wake. Nanepashemet retired to the Mystic River, in what is now Medford , but was found murdered in 1619 at his fort on the brow of Rock Hill overlooking the river. Three sons succeeded him in his reign. One of them, Wonohaquaham , also called "Sagamore John," had jurisdiction over

810-723: The Pawtucket tribe and were known to colonists as the Rumney Marsh Indians. The Rumney Marsh marshlands within the present day city of Revere was originally named as such by the English after Romney Marsh in Kent , England . Nanepashemet , known to colonists as "Sagamore George," was the leader, or Great Sachem of the Pawtucket Confederation of Abenaki People of Lynn (which at that time included present day Revere). Nanepashemet

855-539: The jigsaw classroom approach, pupils are divided into small groups, mixed by race and by ability, to work co-operatively on a task. The classroom material—for example a biography of a historical figure—is broken into sections, and one member of each group is responsible for reading each section. Members with the same role from each group gather in "expert groups" to discuss their sections. They then return to their own groups and take turns to present what they have learned. They are then assessed individually on all sections of

900-493: The 2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates , there were 53,692 people living in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 78.1% White , 5.5% Black , 4.9% Asian , 0.3% Native American , 0% Pacific Islander , 6.0% some other race , and 5.3% multiracial . Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 33.6% of the population (9.4% Salvadoran , 8.3% Colombian , 3.8% Puerto Rican , 2.3% Guatemalan , 2.0% Dominican , 1.9% Honduran , and 1.3% Mexican ). Revere also has

945-562: The Mayor, started at nine o'clock; and it was long toward two on Tuesday morning before the party broke up." On the morning of July 28, 2014, an EF2 tornado touched down in nearby Chelsea and intensified as it entered the city of Revere, causing major damage to many buildings, including the Revere City Hall. It was the first tornado to hit Suffolk County since the National Weather Service began keeping records in 1950. As of

SECTION 20

#1732859004696

990-589: The Native Americans at Winnisemmit (later Chelsea ) and Rumney Marsh. In 1624, Samuel Maverick became the first colonist to settle in the area. He built his house at the site of the former Chelsea Naval Hospital (or Admiral's Hill). On June 17, 1630, John Winthrop , the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company in New England joined him there for dinner. On September 25, 1634, Rumney Marsh

1035-564: The Town of Chelsea. The largest of the three settlements, Rumney Marsh (later to become North Chelsea) was selected as the Town Center. In 1775, the area played a small role in the American Revolution during the Battle of Chelsea Creek , one of the first naval battles of the revolution. In 1846, the town of North Chelsea was established. In 1852, Pullen Point seceded from North Chelsea and

1080-663: The Town of Revere held its final town meeting, as voters had chosen to become the City of Revere. Revere became a city with the inauguration of its first mayor, Arthur B. Curtis, on January 4, 1915. A detailed account of the occasion is given in The History of the Town of Revere as Compiled by Benjamin Shurtleff, 1937 : "Selections were rendered by the Shubert Male Quartet. Mr. Theodore W. Gillette read an historical essay. Miss Anna George,

1125-510: The Winnisemmet Ferry to Olde Salem in 1641. During King Philip's War (also known as Metacomet 's War), which lasted from 1675 to 1678, the local Native Americans were forcibly removed to what is now Deer Island , where half of those imprisoned died of starvation or exposure. Some were enlisted to help the colonists defeat other native tribes. In 1739, Rumney Marsh, Winnisemmet and Pullen Point were set off from Boston and established as

1170-449: The assumption that man is a rational animal; rather, it suggests that man is a rationalizing animal – that he attempts to appear rational, both to others and to himself." Aronson led the development of a classroom technique for defusing inter-group tension and promoting self-esteem. It was discovered that it is rare for classrooms of students to cooperate towards a common goal. In 1971 the newly desegregated schools of Austin, Texas faced

1215-403: The behavior or the attitude so that consonance is restored. In a classic experiment, Aronson demonstrated that people who undergo an embarrassing initiation to gain admission to a group develop more favorable evaluations of the group than people who are admitted after a mild or easy initiation. In Aronson's Theories of Cognitive Consistency (1973), he states: "Dissonance theory does not rest upon

1260-521: The district. Connecting Broadway to Revere Beach, Revere Street is a main travel artery for those commuting across both sides of the city. It is home to a number of local businesses restaurants, barbershops, and convenience stores. The Shirley Avenue neighborhood has a long history of welcoming Revere's immigrant populations. Over time, it has been home to the has been home to the city's Jewish, European, Latin American, African, and Cambodian communities. It

1305-483: The effects of a simple blunder on perceived attraction. The so-called pratfall effect is the tendency for attractiveness to increase or decrease after an individual makes a mistake, depending on the individual's perceived competence, or ability to perform well in a general sense. Elliot is married to Vera Aronson, whom he met while they were both undergraduate research assistants under Abraham Maslow . Together they have had four children: Hal, Neal, Julie and Joshua, who

1350-464: The graves of 16 formerly enslaved Black people; a plaque there lists their names, dates of death, and approximate ages. Between 1837 and 1840, the population nearly doubled due to the second major wave of immigration into the area. "During this period of time more than 750,000 Irish, British and German immigrants arrived in America; and another 4.3 million immigrants came from these countries during

1395-485: The immigration of paupers. In subsequent years a law was passed that restricted the immigration of 'lame, impotent, or infirmed persons.' Hardly any immigrants came to Massachusetts during the second half of the 17th century." English immigration came to a near-complete stop in 1642 as a result of the English Civil War, but was replaced with immigration from other European countries. In 1687, only 31 people lived in

Elliot Aronson - Misplaced Pages Continue

1440-678: The material. This division of responsibilities means that students are motivated to listen to each other and each of them experiences a role in which they are valuable to others. Comparisons with traditional classroom environments showed that the jigsaw classroom has positive effects on academic performance, self-esteem and attitudes towards other ethnic groups. The technique has since been applied in hundreds of schools across North America. From its initial application at third- to fifth-grade school level, it has been expanded to other educational levels. This success encouraged Aronson to apply his research to other policy issues including energy conservation and

1485-519: The next 20 years. Of the total number of immigrants to America during the second wave, 40 percent were from Ireland, escaping poverty and famine in their native country." "By 1905 the Italian population in Revere had grown large enough that the first Italian Catholic Parish of Saint Anthony of Padua was founded in a three-family dwelling on Revere Street. It was clear in 1905 that the Italian population of Revere

1530-418: The other person—has more effect on liking than the absolute level of feedback. An example is how compliments are more meaningful when they come from someone who is usually critical, rather than from a reliable supporter. Another example is that a couple may feel more dedicated to their relationship if they initially disliked each other. Aronson published a paper in 1966, where he described an experiment testing

1575-474: The poverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over. Following the 2020 United States Census , Revere became the fastest growing city in Massachusetts. Throughout the year in Revere, temperatures generally range from 23 °F to 82 °F, rarely dipping below 9 °F or exceeding 91 °F. Rainfall is consistent year-round in Revere, with October typically being

1620-541: The settlements of Winnisimmit, Rumney Marsh, and Pullen Point. In 1739, when these settlements were separated from Boston and formed the Town of Chelsea, there were 10 homes in Winnisimmit (Chelsea), 26 in Rumney Marsh (Revere), and 4 homes in Pullen Point (Winthrop), with 267 inhabitants in total. This number quadrupled by 1837, at which time 1,201 people resided on the land. Rumney Marsh Burying Ground in Revere contains

1665-475: The treatment of the elderly. In the aftermath of the Columbine High School massacre , Aronson advocated for jigsaw classrooms as part of an approach to defusing the social divisions underlying school violence. In 1965, Aronson proposed that interpersonal attraction and liking could be understood in terms of the balance of reward and cost. This implied that contrast—a gain or loss of positive feedback from

1710-439: The wettest month, averaging 3.9 inches, and January being the driest, with an average of 2.3 inches. Snowfall spans about 5.0 months, from November 12 to April 10, with at least 1.0 inch of snow over a 31-day period. January tends to see the most snow, averaging 8.3 inches. The perceived humidity in Revere varies significantly by season. Muggy conditions persist for about 3.3 months, from June 11 to September 21, where comfort level

1755-576: Was annexed to Boston , which had received its name only four years earlier. Winnisemmet (current Chelsea ) and Pullen Point (current Winthrop ) were also annexed to Boston. Rumney Marsh was originally divided and allotted to twenty-one of Boston's most prominent citizens. By 1639, the original allotments had been consolidated into seven great farms. Farming was the principal industry of Winnisemmet, and Rumney Marsh in particular. The first county road in North America stretched across Rumney Marsh from

1800-404: Was 39.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.3 males. For adults 18 and over, for every 100 females there were 95.9 males. The median household income in the city was $ 62,568, and the median family income was $ 72,656. Males had a median income of $ 36,881 versus $ 31,300 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 30,587. About 10.2% of families and 12.7% of the population were below

1845-938: Was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and won the William James Award from the Association for Psychological Science for his lifetime achievements. His honors include distinguished research awards from the American Psychological Association , the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Society of Experimental Social Psychology . He also won the Gordon Allport Prize for his work on reducing prejudice. In 1981 he

Elliot Aronson - Misplaced Pages Continue

1890-519: Was established as the town of Winthrop . That same year, Chelsea became its own city. On March 24, 1871, a petition went into effect, changing the name of North Chelsea to the Town of Revere in honor of Paul Revere (1735–1818), the son of an immigrant who took part in the American Revolutionary War . Revere had gained popularity after the publication of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's 1860 poem " Paul Revere's Ride ". On November 2, 1914,

1935-532: Was one of five academics awarded "Professor of the Year" by the Council for the Advancement and Support of Education. Aronson's interests and research have paid particular attention to the theory of cognitive dissonance . Aronson refined the theory, which posits that when attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent (dissonant), psychological discomfort results. This discomfort motivates the person experiencing it to either change

1980-412: Was rapidly becoming the fastest growing ethnic group in the town." At this time, "only 19 percent of the immigrants entering the U.S. were from northern Europe, while 81 percent were from southern, eastern, and central Europe," and "nearly 60 percent of the births in the Town of Revere were to foreign born parents." Race (classification of humans) Too Many Requests If you report this error to

2025-525: Was the experimental social psychologist Leon Festinger . Aronson has taught at Harvard University , the University of Minnesota , the University of Texas , and the University of California, Santa Cruz . He also served as distinguished visiting professor at Stanford University. He was included in a list of the 100 most influential psychologists of the 20th century published by the Review of General Psychology . He

#695304