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47-530: The men's competition started in 2004 while the women's Elgon Cup followed it a few years later, starting in 2006. The Elgon cup has now been subsumed into the recently instituted Victoria Cup ; just as the Bledisloe Cup ( Australia and New Zealand ), Freedom Cup ( New Zealand and South Africa ) and Mandela Challenge Plate ( Australia and South Africa ) have been subsumed into the Tri ;Nations and as

94-558: A Kenya XV to play against them in Entebbe . Unfortunately, both teams arrived with a set of white jerseys. According to long established tradition in rugby, it is the duty of the home side to change shirts in the event of a clash; about 10 miles from the clubhouse in Kampala, Uganda resorted to dying their shirts in the water-bucket on the sideline using the iodine from the medical kit. The shirts were worn wet and, according to contemporary reports,

141-615: A branch of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals , and the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights . Arusha is served by two airports: the Kilimanjaro International Airport for international air travellers, some 60 kilometres (37 mi) east, approximately halfway to Moshi . The airport provides international and domestic flights. Arusha Airport is a regional air hub in

188-546: A city on 1 July 2006, but this was delayed due to pending municipality boundary adjustments. Arusha was granted city status on 15 August 2012, with it becoming official on 2 November 2012. In 2013, a quarry located in Arusha collapsed and killed 14 miners after heavy rain. Arusha is home to a number of notable intergovernmental organisations . The city of Arusha is the headquarters of the East African Community , hosts

235-590: A film course that has led to the creation of the Arusha African Film Festival, which allows people to come and watch films created by local people. The guidelines allows a multitude of filmmakers to be taken into account for awards, and each year a new theme is chosen for the festival. The AAFF is connected to the East African Film Festival, which also gives ample opportunity for awards and credit to young filmmakers. Despite its proximity to

282-505: A humanitarian crisis as fighting between factions intensified. It provided that all SPLM members who were dismissed be reinstated to their previous positions and a secret ballot system be adopted. In 1994, the UN Security Council decided by its Resolution 955 of 8 November 1994 that Arusha should host the ad hoc International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda . The establishment of the tribunal with its foreign employees has influenced

329-712: A population of 617,631, and the regional capital of the Arusha Region , with a population of 2,356,255 (2022 census). Located below Mount Meru on the eastern edge of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley , Arusha City has a temperate climate. The city is close to the Serengeti National Park , the Ngorongoro Conservation Area , Lake Manyara National Park , Olduvai Gorge , Tarangire National Park , Mount Kilimanjaro , and Mount Meru in

376-416: A try was worth three points, so the final score was 11 – 21. Kenya's relatively smooth transition to independence and trouble free ensuing years under President Jomo Kenyatta saw rugby continue to thrive in this country. Despite the fact that Idi Amin was a keen rugby player himself, the expulsion of expatriates from - and the general political instability in - Uganda under his reign disrupted

423-588: A wide range of African art, including from the Tanzanian TingaTinga school. Exhibits are for sale and there is not a permanent collection. Places of worship include the majority Christian churches: Archdiocese of Arusha , Anglican Church of Tanzania , Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania , Baptist Convention of Tanzania , and Assemblies of God . There are also Muslim mosques. Most Arushan children attend public schools located in almost every ward of

470-561: Is 1,180 millimetres (46.46 in), mostly coming during the long rainy season from March to May. Areas immediately to the north and northeast of Arusha can see more rain and cooler temperatures due to the influence of Mt. Meru, whose rain shadow extends toward the southeast side of the mountain. Arusha and the northern highlands of Tanzania experience a bimodal rainfall pattern, with two rainy seasons. Many crops are planted twice per year. The long masika rains from March through May are more reliable in Arusha than in surrounding areas because of

517-413: Is a multicultural city with a majority Tanzanian population of mixed backgrounds: indigenous African, Arab-Tanzanian and Indian-Tanzanian population, plus a small European and North American minority population. Religions of the Arusha city population include Christianity , Islam , Sikhism and Hinduism . The current site of Arusha was first settled in the 1830s by the agro-pastoral Arusha Maasai from

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564-481: Is a significant horticulture industry, with several companies growing flowers for export to Europe. The city is home to the Tanzanian rugby national team . The city hosts international rugby matches as well. Joshua Peterson, who played for the national team, was the second youngest international rugby player ever, behind Jonny Wilkinson. Southern Pool A of the 2007 Castel Beer Trophy was hosted here as well. The city

611-515: Is also home to a giant tortoise, over 100 years old, which freely roams the grounds. A small museum adjacent to the Uhuru monument displays information about the proceedings of the 1967 Arusha Declaration . The Arusha Cultural Heritage Centre is a large privately run art gallery in a striking building, resembling the Guggenheim museum whilst drawing on African symbols (drum, spear, and shield). It holds

658-613: Is home to Arusha FC , playing in Sheikh Amri Abeid Memorial Stadium , which represents the city in Tanzanian league football. The city also hosted the Mount Meru Marathon, held from 1985 to 2004. The "all-comers" record for the fastest marathon performance in Tanzania, 2:13:46, was set at the event by former long-distance runner Benedict Ako on August 1, 1993. On 21 May 2011, the Drake Bulldogs beat

705-516: The Arusha Chini community, south of Mount Kilimanjaro . They traded grains, honey, beer, and tobacco with the pastoral Kisongo Maasai in exchange for livestock, milk, meat, and skins. Demand for Arusha's foodstuffs increased substantially during the 1860s when the Pangani Valley trade route was extended through Old Moshi, Arusha, and ultimately to western Kenya. Although not yet a town, it

752-727: The Arusha National Park . The city is a major international diplomatic hub. It hosts the African Court of the African Union and is the capital of the East African Community . From 1994 to 2015, the city also hosted the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda , but that entity has ceased operations. Currently, it hosts one of the branches of the United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals . Arusha

799-641: The Calcutta ;Cup ( England and Scotland ) is now part of the Six ;Nations . Home matches for Kenya are usually played at the RFUEA Ground , Nairobi , Kenya , whilst Uganda usually play their home matches at the Kyadondo Grounds , Kampala , Uganda . The women's games generally serve as a curtain raiser to the men's games. Kenya and Uganda have a long history of rugby matches going back even before

846-608: The Indian Ocean , a few hundred kilometres east. Under the Köppen climate classification system, it has a subtropical highland climate ( Cwb ). Areas away from Arusha to the south and west are classified as tropical savanna climate ( Aw ). The record high since records began in 2000 is 39 °C or 102.2 °F. The record low is 7 °C or 44.6 °F. Arusha averages 29.8 days per year above 32 °C or 89.6 °F – all between November and March. Arusha's annual rainfall average

893-517: The Rugby Football Union of East Africa (RFUEA), an umbrella union for the three nations both before and after they each achieved independence in the early 1960s. Until independence, each was regarded as a colonial possession of the British Empire rather than an independent nation. The first interterritorial match for Kenya took place in 1954 at Arusha against Tanganyika (as Tanzania

940-446: The equator , Arusha's elevation of 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) on the southern slopes of Mount Meru keeps temperatures relatively low and alleviates humidity. Cool dry air is prevalent for much of the year. The temperature typically ranges between 10 and 30 °C (50 and 86 °F) with an average annual high temperature around 25 °C or 77 °F. It has distinct wet and dry seasons, and experiences an eastern prevailing wind from

987-624: The CONADEIP All-Stars by 17–7 in the first ever American football game in Tanzania. Arusha is home for the Arusha Motor Sports Club (AMSC), which provides motor entertainment for the city of Arusha. It was created in 1996 with the purpose of providing "motor rallying", which was a new concept at the time for Tanzania, as a new form of entertainment. The AMSC is the largest club in Tanzania that invites foreign competitors to rally and compete for AMSC. On August 10, 2022, Arusha held

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1034-454: The Rwandan civil war. The Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement for Burundi was signed on 28 August 2000 as part of a process forging peace in that country through power sharing and establishing a transitional government. The January 2015 Arusha Agreement for South Sudan created a framework for the reunification of South Sudan's ruling SPLM party, which had splintered into three creating

1081-476: The Ugandan flag, though the predominant colour still tends to be black. The three African Great Lakes countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda have a long shared history of rugby. For much of their history, they have relied on each other for club, inter-district, inter-territorial and international matches, as well as combining their resources to create a regional squad . This has all been aided by their membership in

1128-608: The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge ). The very first match between Kenya and Uganda involved an incident that may well be unique in international rugby history. In the early 1930s there was only one rugby club in Uganda (the Uganda RFC, later to become "Uganda Kobs RFC" and then " Kampala Kobs RFC ") and a number of Ugandan players (including Percy Minns) persuaded the Kenya clubs to send

1175-533: The area, the British deported German missionaries and settlers, and only a skeletal military administration of the town remained. During the 1920s, civilian administration was implemented, missionaries from the United States arrived, British and Greek settlers reoccupied the former German farms, and the town grew, especially after the British moved the regional administration from New Moshi to Arusha. The extension of

1222-454: The balance of power shift westwards. The most recent innovation has been the Victoria Cup . This is slated to be an annual three-way competition between Kenya, Uganda and Zimbabwe played on a home-and-away basis. Rather than duplicate the fixture it has been decided that the pre-existing Elgon Cup games between Kenya and Uganda will take place within this new tournament. The Victoria Cup

1269-854: The city. There are five international schools in and around Arusha: International School Moshi (Arusha Campus), Arusha Meru International School, Braeburn School, St Constantine's International School, and Kennedy House International School . The city of Arusha is home to the National College of Tourism - Arusha Campus , Arusha Technical College , Tengeru Institute of community Development , The Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology , Eastern and Southern African Management Institute , MS Training Centre for Development Cooperation (MS-TCDC) , The Institute of Accountancy Arusha , Forestry Training Institute, Olmotonyi , Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute , Tumaini University Makumira , and The Mount Meru University . Arcadia University hosts

1316-470: The cup 21-18 on aggregate One game each. Uganda   [REDACTED] win the Elgon Cup 30-26 on aggregate Kenya   [REDACTED] win the Elgon Cup two games to nil Kenya   [REDACTED] win the Elgon Cup two games to nil Kenya   [REDACTED] win the Elgon Cup two games to nil Arusha Arusha City is a Tanzanian city, with

1363-444: The cup with an aggregate score of 31-22 One match each - but [REDACTED]   Kenya wins the cup with an aggregate score of 43-17 One match each - but [REDACTED]   Kenya wins the cup with an aggregate score of 21-16 Result disputed - but trophy awarded to [REDACTED]   Kenya following the result of the first match One match each - [REDACTED]   Kenya wins

1410-578: The first leg, the Ugandan and Kenyan unions had agreed that the women’s Elgon cup would be a one off tie with the winners being crowned in Nairobi as the URU had insufficient funds to host the Kenyans in Kampala for the return leg. However, after the women’s game and the trophy being handed over to the Kenyans, the chairmen of both unions announced at the dinner that Uganda had secured late sponsorship and would be able to host

1457-791: The first official match in 1958. Prior to the formation of the Rugby Football Union of Kenya (RFUK) in 1921 and the Uganda Rugby Football Union (URFU) in 1955, these two territories put out representative sides though, without a governing union, they could not award caps. Games were frequently played in the early days by representative sides from Kenya and Uganda (and also Tanganyika ) against each other and against touring sides most notably from Royal Naval vessels and British and South African Universities (the University of Stellenbosch , University of Cape Town , Rhodes University and

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1504-493: The influence of Mt. Meru. The short vuli rains are less reliable, usually coming in November and December. The dry kiangazi season is June to October. Higher elevation areas north and northeast of the city are home to farmers growing bananas, coffee, cabbage, potatoes, carrots, leafy greens, and other vegetables. Cultivation in areas to the northwest, west, southwest, south, and southeast focuses on maize, beans and wheat. There

1551-561: The initiative, fulfilled their commitment though the score or winner is not known. Kenya were unable to travel to play Uganda as organised due to commitments raised by the Combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities tour that year. The first official match between Uganda and Kenya took place in 1958, when Kenya (then Kenya Colony ) travelled to play Uganda (then Uganda Protectorate ) in Kampala. Kenya beat Uganda by three goals and two tries to one goal, one penalty goal and one try. In 1958,

1598-568: The local economy of the city increasing the cost of living for residents. The tribunal has downsized due to its closure in 2014, but its legal successor, the United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1966 , will continue entertaining a branch in Arusha, opening on 1 July 2012. The tribunal indicted 93 individuals and sentenced 62. The Tanzanian government intended to declare Arusha

1645-495: The movie Hatari! with John Wayne were filmed at Momela Lakes and at Mount Meru . Arusha has been a crucial city in the history of modern Tanzania. Official documents ceding independence to Tanganyika were signed by the United Kingdom at Arusha in 1961. The Arusha Declaration was signed in 1967 in Arusha. The Arusha Accords were signed at the city of Arusha on 4 August 1993, by representatives of competing factions in

1692-452: The playing of domestic and international fixtures in Uganda. As a result, Kenya have generally had the upper-hand in this East African derby . However, in recent years the success of the Kenya 7's team has had a negative effect on the 15-a-side game as resources and focus has shifted toward the shortened version of the game. This and the recent resurgence in the Ugandan rugby club scene has seen

1739-489: The railroad from Moshi to Arusha in 1928-29 greatly increased commerce. The Great Depression soon squelched commerce and Arusha in 1940 had fewer than 2,000 residents. Growth resumed during World War II and by 1948, the population had increased to more than 5,000. By the 1950s, Arusha was "a polyglot , westernized little town; it has a Greek community, several Germans predating World War I, and some German Jewish refugees post-dating World War II." A state of emergency

1786-761: The return leg that would determine the Elgon Cup winners [1] . However, Kenya refused to hand over the Elgon Cup trophy after the second leg, claiming that they were the 2011 Elgon Cup champions as the 2nd leg was just a test friendly. After a 3-year lull, the Elgon Cup returned in 2019, with the Kenyan Lionesses hosting the Uganda Lady Cranes in the first leg of the Cup at Mamboleo stadium in Kisumu . [REDACTED]   Uganda win two matches to nil One match each - but [REDACTED]   Uganda retained

1833-712: The route. It is also on the Cairo-Cape Town Highway . The city hosts the National Natural History Museum, which contains three exhibits on early man, plants and animals of the region, and the history of the city. The Natural National History Museum used to be an administration outpost for the Germans in the 1900s. It was opened in 1987 as a public museum and displays important assets to the scientific community such as models of Australopithecus people, human ancestors that lived over 2 million years ago. It

1880-404: The spectators and referee had greater and greater difficulty telling the sides apart as the game progressed. Rugby is a game rooted deeply in tradition and, as a result of this incident, Ugandan representative sides wore black shirts for almost 100 years in memory of this incident. It is only recently that they have started wearing shirts that include red and orange, the other two colours present in

1927-449: The surrounding countryside. Set on a rise overlooking the plains, the fortress-like building dominated the surrounding landscape" complete with a machine gun. Many Africans were forcibly displaced from their ancestral lands by the Germans and forced to dig lime or carry stones to construct the fort. The British took Arusha from the Germans in 1916 during World War I . German officials left

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1974-448: The west of the city, and serves more than 87,000 passengers yearly. Travel by road can be done through privately run coaches (buses) to Nairobi , Dodoma , Babati , Morogoro , Tanga , Mbeya , Singida , Tabora , Mpanda , Kigoma , Mwanza , Bukoba , Iringa , and Dar es Salaam . Arusha is on the Cape to Cairo Road . There was a marker in the 1930s in Arusha indicating the mid-point of

2021-420: Was a regional centre with a number of urban features. Arusha was conquered by the Germans in 1896 after the murder of the first two missionaries who attempted to settle on nearby Mount Meru . The Germans established a permanent presence in 1900 when a military fort (a boma ) was built and soldiers were garrisoned there. "The boma was a solid statement, meant to impress German moral and political order on

2068-439: Was an annual competition held between the national rugby union teams of Kenya and Uganda . It ran parallel with the men's Elgon Cup , which has been running since 2004. The cup was competed for over two legs - one in each country. Home matches for Kenya were usually played at the RFUEA Ground , Nairobi , Kenya , whilst Uganda usually played their home matches at the Kyadondo Grounds , Kampala , Uganda . In 2011, prior to

2115-572: Was declared in the Arusha region in 1953 in response to the Mau Mau Uprising . Journalist John Gunther noted at the time that "a loyal tribe, the Waarusha, threatened to take violent countermeasures against the Kikuyus themselves, if the British did not. The authorities arrested the leading Mau Mau conspirators, screened thousands more, and deported other thousands back to Kenya." In the 1960s, parts of

2162-473: Was first played in June and July 2010. Results for men's  and women's international rugby matches played between Kenya and Uganda are presented in the table below. a. The RFUK was dissolved in 1953 with the formation of the Rugby Football Union of East Africa (RFUEA); the current Kenya Rugby Football Union (KRFU) was not formed until 1970. Elgon Cup (Women%27s) The women's Elgon Cup

2209-612: Was known at the time). It was held shortly before the First Tuskers Copperbelt tour later that year and served as a selection trial for the tour. This match was won by Kenya though the exact score is not known. This fixture was repeated in 1955 and 1956. With the URFU having recently been formed, it was decided to attempt a three-way competition in 1957; Uganda were to travel play Tanganyika in Arusha and Kenya were to visit Uganda in Kampala. Uganda, who were chiefly responsible for

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