Terminology is a group of specialized words and respective meanings in a particular field, and also the study of such terms and their use; the latter meaning is also known as terminology science . A term is a word, compound word , or multi-word expression that in specific contexts is given specific meanings—these may deviate from the meanings the same words have in other contexts and in everyday language. Terminology is a discipline that studies, among other things, the development of such terms and their interrelationships within a specialized domain. Terminology differs from lexicography , as it involves the study of concepts , conceptual systems and their labels ( terms ), whereas lexicography studies words and their meanings.
34-558: The International Electrotechnical Vocabulary ( IEV ) is managed list of terms and definitions organized by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which is grouped in classes. It serves to promote the global unification of terminology in the field of electrotechnology, electronics and telecommunications. It is developed by the IEC Technical Committee 1 (Terminology), and published as both
68-607: A combination of public and private sector, and some are private sector only. About 90% of those who prepare IEC standards work in industry. IEC Member countries include: In 2001 and in response to calls from the WTO to open itself to more developing nations, the IEC launched the Affiliate Country Programme to encourage developing nations to become involved in the commission's work or to use its International Standards. Countries signing
102-409: A list of international letter symbols for quantities and signs for names of units, a list of definitions in connection with hydraulic turbines, and a number of definitions and recommendations relating to rotating machines and transformers. Four technical committees had been formed to deal with Nomenclature , Symbols , Rating of Electrical Machinery, and Prime Movers . In 1927 agreement was reached on
136-421: A pledge to participate in the work and to encourage the use of IEC Standards in national standards and regulations are granted access to a limited number of technical committee documents for the purposes of commenting. In addition, they can select a limited number of IEC Standards for their national standards' library. Countries participating in the Affiliate Country Programme are: Terminology Terminology
170-512: A series of International Standards , initially under the reference number IEC 50 and later renumbered as IEC 60050 , with each part of the standard covering a given subject, such as circuit theory, live working and electrobiology. The online version of the IEV, known as Electropedia, was launched on 2 April 2007. As a collection of items managed in a database, the IEV is an ideal international standard to be managed under IEC's database procedure. Through
204-572: A three digit number (PPP). The parts are subdivided by sections, which have a two digit number (SS). In each section, topically sorted IEV entries are listed, having in general also a two digit number (EE). As a result, the IEV identifier for each terminological concept follows the pattern PPP-SS-EE. At the very first meeting of the Council of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in October 1908, Mr. A. J. Balfour (later Lord Balfour) referred to
238-458: Is a discipline that systematically studies the "labelling or designating of concepts" particular to one or more subject fields or domains of human activity. It does this through the research and analysis of terms in context for the purpose of documenting and promoting consistent usage. Terminology can be limited to one or more languages (for example, "multilingual terminology" and "bilingual terminology"), or may have an interdisciplinarity focus on
272-749: Is also available as EN 60034. Standards developed jointly with ISO, such as ISO/IEC 26300 ( Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0 ), ISO/IEC 27001 ( Information technology, Security techniques, Information security management systems, Requirements ), and ISO/IEC 17000 series, carry the acronym of both organizations. The use of the ISO/IEC prefix covers publications from ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 – Information Technology , as well as conformity assessment standards developed by ISO CASCO (Committee on conformity assessment) and IEC CAB (Conformity Assessment Board). Other standards developed in cooperation between IEC and ISO are assigned numbers in
306-1038: Is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical , electronic and related technologies – collectively known as " electrotechnology ". IEC standards cover a vast range of technologies from power generation, transmission and distribution to home appliances and office equipment, semiconductors, fibre optics, batteries, solar energy , nanotechnology , and marine energy, as well as many others. The IEC also manages four global conformity assessment systems that certify whether equipment, system or components conform to its international standards. All electrotechnologies are covered by IEC Standards, including energy production and distribution, electronics, magnetics and electromagnetics , electroacoustics , multimedia , telecommunications and medical technology , as well as associated general disciplines such as terminology and symbols, electromagnetic compatibility, measurement and performance, dependability, design and development, safety and
340-456: Is made up of members, called national committees, and each NC represents its nation's electrotechnical interests in the IEC. This includes manufacturers, providers, distributors and vendors, consumers and users, all levels of governmental agencies, professional societies and trade associations as well as standards developers from national standards bodies. National committees are constituted in different ways. Some NCs are public sector only, some are
374-629: Is published online as the Electropedia . The CISPR ( Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques ) – in English, the International Special Committee on Radio Interference – is one of the groups founded by the IEC. Currently, 89 countries are IEC members while another 85 participate in the Affiliate Country Programme, which is not a form of membership but is designed to help industrializing countries get involved with
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#1732845508513408-550: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers , and others, which began at the 1900 Paris International Electrical Congress, , with British engineer R. E. B. Crompton playing a key role. In 1906, Lord Kelvin was elected as the first President of the International Electrotechnical Commission. The IEC was instrumental in developing and distributing standards for units of measurement, particularly
442-526: The IEC 60050 series of standards and online as the Electropedia . The Electropedia database contains English and French definitions for more than 22 000 concepts, and provides terms in up to 18 other languages. The IEV entries are categorised in 9 classes, which group the vocabulary into several subject areas. The names of the classes are as follows: The classes are further divided into individual subjects of special knowledge, called IEV parts and marked with
476-679: The gauss , hertz , and weber . It was also first to promote the Giorgi System of standards, later developed into the SI , or Système International d'unités (in English, the International System of Units). In 1938, it published a multilingual international vocabulary to unify terminology relating to electrical, electronic and related technologies. This effort continues, and the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
510-441: The 1980s – 1110. As the result of development and specialising of terminological studies, some of the branches of terminology science – such as typological terminology science, semasiological terminology science, terminological derivatology, comparative terminology science, terminography, functional terminology science, cognitive terminology science, historical terminology science and some branch terminology sciences – have gained
544-406: The 80000 series, such as IEC 82045–1. IEC Standards are also being adopted by other certifying bodies such as BSI (United Kingdom), CSA (Canada), UL & ANSI / INCITS (United States), SABS (South Africa), Standards Australia , SPC / GB (China) and DIN (Germany). IEC standards adopted by other certifying bodies may have some noted differences from the original IEC standard. The IEC
578-680: The IEC. Originally located in London , United Kingdom, the IEC moved to its current headquarters in Geneva , Switzerland in 1948. It has regional centres in Africa ( Nairobi , Kenya), Asia ( Singapore ), Oceania ( Sydney , Australia), Latin America ( São Paulo , Brazil) and North America ( Worcester, Massachusetts , United States). The work is done by some 10,000 electrical and electronics experts from industry, government, academia, test labs and others with an interest in
612-478: The IEV, covering more than 80 subject areas. The terms and definitions are provided in English and French, and equivalent terms are provided in Arabic, Chinese, Czech, Dutch (Belgian), Finnish, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk), Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish (coverage varies by subject area). Traditionally the IEV was developed and published as
646-574: The accuracy and content of its terminology. Technical industries and standardization institutes compile their own glossaries. This provides the consistency needed in the various areas—fields and branches, movements and specialties—to work with core terminology to then offer material for the discipline's traditional and doctrinal literature. Terminology is also then key in boundary-crossing problems, such as in language translation and social epistemology . Terminology helps to build bridges and to extend one area into another. Translators research
680-438: The aim of the IEV remains unchanged – to provide precise, brief and correct definitions of internationally accepted concepts in the field of electrotechnology, electronics and telecommunications – the scope of the IEV has expanded in line with the expansion of the electrotechnical industry. The number of IEC technical committees is now more than 90, with almost as many subcommittees, and there are more than 22 000 entries in
714-579: The comment gathering and validation stages of the traditional standards development process and allows for both a rapid procedure as well as the traditional procedure. The IEC Technical Committee 1, Terminology , is currently considering whether there is interest in the IEC community to evolve the vocabulary towards an electrotechnology ontology covering electrical, electronic and related technologies. International Electrotechnical Commission The International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ; French : Commission électrotechnique internationale )
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#1732845508513748-646: The environment. The first International Electrical Congress took place in 1881 at the International Exposition of Electricity , held in Paris. At that time the International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units was agreed to. The International Electrotechnical Commission held its inaugural meeting on 26 June 1906, following discussions among the British Institution of Electrical Engineers ,
782-413: The existing definitions. Considering the fact that characteristics and functioning of term depend heavily on its lexical surrounding nowadays it is common to view as the main object of terminology science not separate terms, but rather the whole terminology used in some particular field of knowledge (also called subject field). Terminological research started seventy years ago and was especially fruitful at
816-444: The great value of the work the IEC was going to undertake on the unification of electrotechnical terminology. The first Advisory Committee – these ACs have been the predecessors of today's Technical Committees – was founded in 1910 under the leadership of a Belgian chair and had the task to harmonise electrotechnical nomenclature. By 1914, the IEC had issued a first list of terms and definitions covering electrical machinery and apparatus,
850-418: The last forty years. At that time the main types of special lexical units, such as terms proper, nomens, terminoids, prototerms, preterms and quasiterms were singled out and studied. A nomen , or a nomenclature unit , is a name of a single notion or a certain unit of mass production, e.g. prefix dis-; Canon 550D; UA-24; etc. Terminoids , or jargon terms , are special lexical units which are used to name
884-405: The leading European languages belonging to many subject fields were described and analysed. It should be mentioned that at the former USSR terminological studies were conducted on an especially large scale: while in the 1940s only four terminological dissertations were successfully defended, in the 1950s there were 50 such dissertations, in the 1960s their number reached 231, in the 1970s – 463 and in
918-566: The phenomena that are absolutely new and whose concepts are not interpreted in a monosemantic way. E.g., Salmon Day, mouse potato, etc. Prototerms are special lexemes that appeared and were used in prescientific times. Preterms are a special group of lexemes which is represented by special lexical units used as terms to name new scientific notions. They are represented by a vast descriptive pattern, e.g. business process reengineering , management by walking about, etc. The main principles of terminological work were elaborated, terminologies of
952-402: The point of view of their origin, formal structure, their meanings and also functional features. Terms are used to denote concepts, therefore terminology science also concerns itself with the formation and development of concepts, as well as with the principles of exposing the existing relations between concepts and classifying concepts; also, with the principles of defining concepts and appraising
986-497: The range 60000–79999 and their titles take a form such as IEC 60417: Graphical symbols for use on equipment . Following the Dresden Agreement with CENELEC the numbers of older IEC standards were converted in 1997 by adding 60000, for example IEC 27 became IEC 60027. Standards of the 60000 series are also found preceded by EN to indicate that the IEC standard is also adopted by CENELEC as a European standard; for example IEC 60034
1020-711: The subject. IEC Standards are often adopted as national standards by its members. The IEC cooperates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) . In addition, it works with several major standards development organizations, including the IEEE with which it signed a cooperation agreement in 2002, which was amended in 2008 to include joint development work. IEC Standards that are not jointly developed with ISO have numbers in
1054-449: The system of classification into groups and sections, the system of numbering the terms and definitions, the approximate extent of the IEV and other important items. The first edition of the IEV was published in 1938 with 2000 terms and definitions in English and French, and terms in German, Italian, Spanish and Esperanto . It was the outcome of patient work over 28 years. Since 1938, although
International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Misplaced Pages Continue
1088-439: The terminology of the languages they translate. Terminology is taught alongside translation in universities and translation schools. Large translation departments and translation bureaus have a Terminology section. Terminology science is a branch of linguistics studying special vocabulary. The main objects of terminological studies are special lexical units (or special lexemes ), first of all terms. They are analysed from
1122-438: The use of a web-accessible database and electronic communication a validation team comprising experts appointed by and acting as delegates on behalf of their National Committees evaluate and validate requests to change the database. The change can comprise an addition or deletion, a revision (editorial or technical revision) or a simple correction, and can apply to one or many items in the database. The database procedure encompasses
1156-687: The use of terms in different fields. The terminology discipline consists mainly of the following aspects: A distinction is made between two types of terminology work: Ad hoc terminology is prevalent in the translation profession, where a translation for a specific term (or group of terms) is required quickly to solve a particular translation problem. Nomenclature comprises types of terminology especially having to do with general ontology , applied ontology , and taxonomy ( categorizations and classifications , such as taxonomy for life forms , taxonomy for search engines , and so on). A terminologist intends to hone categorical organization by improving
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