The Electromote was the world's first vehicle run like a trolleybus , which was first presented to the public on April 29, 1882 , by its inventor Dr. Ernst Werner von Siemens in Halensee , a suburb of Berlin , Germany .
32-405: In 1847, Siemens told his brother Wilhelm that should he have time and money, he wanted to build himself a carriage with electro-magnetic propulsion. In the early 1880s, he managed to realize the idea, first erecting the masts and infrastructure on site in 1881. Halensee, independent and not yet part of Berlin at the time, had only been named the previous year and was not yet fully developed, providing
64-463: A closed-loop continuous service without termini. Lines S45, S46 and S47 use a section of the southern and western ring, while lines S8 and S85 use sections of the eastern ring. The combined number of passengers is about 400,000 passengers a day. Due to its distinctive shape, the line is often referred to as the Hundekopf (Dog's Head). The Ringbahn is bisected by an east–west railway thoroughfare called
96-648: A complete circle. With the building of the Wall, the line was broken in two places: The building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 prevented continuous operation, after which passenger numbers on the West Berlin side, between Gesundbrunnen and Sonnenallee, declined. This was caused partly by a politically motivated call for a boycott, because revenue from the West Berlin S-Bahn, which was operated by East German railways, supported
128-469: A properly provisioned train traveling from the suburbs to downtown Berlin. Originally, there were not even the necessary rails for continuing on the Ringbahn between Schöneberg and Papestraße stations. The Reichsbahn planned to replace the level crossings between the Ringbahn and Südringspitzkehre with over- and underpasses together with the building of the north-south S-Bahn line in the late 1930s, but this
160-591: A typical trolleybus. After the demonstration runs closed on June 13, the test track was dismantled on June 20, 1882. Berlin Ringbahn [REDACTED] The Ringbahn ( German for circle railway) is a 37.5 km (23.3 mi) long circle route around Berlin's inner city area, on the Berlin S-Bahn network. Its course is made up of a pair of tracks used by S-Bahn trains and another parallel pair of tracks used by various regional, long distance and freight trains. The S-Bahn lines S41 and S42 provide
192-638: A vital part in Deutsche Bahn 's new concept for long-distance services in Berlin; it was deemed necessary to have a long-distance station in southern Berlin for the new north-south axis, so it was decided to rebuild Papestraße and rename the station to Südkreuz, giving the station a more intuitive name like the Ostkreuz (East Cross) and Westkreuz (West Cross) stations on the Berlin Stadtbahn . Construction, however,
224-434: Is called the "mushroom concept," the long-distance lines on the northern part of the ring for regional or long-distance services were rebuilt and electrified. On the ring line, regional and mainline services stop at Gesundbrunnen and regional services stop at Jungfernheide. The majority of the former ring line freight yards have been closed down or dismantled. Part of the former freight inner ring between Neukölln and Tempelhof
256-528: Is not a typical crossing, but rather has parallel tracks that curve to the south after leaving the station, allowing trains to run towards Südkreuz . The approximately 88-square-kilometre (34 sq mi) area encompassed by the Ringbahn comprises the "Berlin A" zone in the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg 's fare structure. The Ringbahn also serves as the border for Berlin's low-emission zone , established on 1 January 2008. In 1851,
288-458: Is still used for freight, with a depot at Berlin-Moabit. The freight line is closed in the vicinity of Südkreuz and Ostkreuz. Branches from the ring line are: There are connecting curves between the ring line and the Stadtbahn at Ostkreuz and Westkreuz. The Südringspitzkehre spur to Potsdamer Bahnhof was closed in 1944 due to war damage and never rebuilt. Its reconstruction is being considered in
320-566: The Berlin S-Bahn metro railway is situated on the upper level and connects to the east and west, whilst the Anhalter Bahn and Dresdner Bahn intercity railway routes reach the station on the lower, north-south level. The station was extensively rebuilt between the late 1990s and 2006, and was renamed Berlin Südkreuz on 28 May 2006. The station's original name ( Berlin Papestraße ) originates from
352-535: The East German government. The East Berlin section, from Schönhauser Allee to Treptower Park, remained in operation as it formed part of a major north-south tangent. After the 1980 S-Bahn strike , service on the western part of the ring was suspended for about 13 years. On 9 January 1984, a treaty between East Germany and the West Berlin Senate came into force and turned over responsibility for operation of
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#1732837563532384-720: The Königliche Bahnhofs-Verbindungsbahn (Royal Station Connection Railway) was completed between the termini of some railroads terminating in Berlin: initially the Stettiner Bahnhof and the Anhalter Bahnhof , but later to include the Schlesischer Bahnhof . It was laid in the streets, which disrupted traffic as well as local residents. Thus, in order to reduce disruption of traffic, trains ran at night, as
416-569: The Stadtbahn (city railway), which crosses the Ringbahn from Westkreuz (Western Cross) to Ostkreuz (Eastern Cross), forming a Südring (Southern Ring) and a Nordring (Northern Ring). The north-south S-Bahn link (with the North-South S-Bahn-tunnel as its core) divides the Ringbahn into a Westring (Western Ring) and an Ostring (Eastern Ring), crossing at Gesundbrunnen station in the north and both Schöneberg station and Südkreuz in
448-410: The "screw concept," as trains entered the ring from the south at Neukölln and circled around it one and a half times, at the time the trip around the ring could not be achieved in less than 63 minutes. Since 28 May 2006, circular service has been operated as lines S41 (clockwise) and S42 (anticlockwise). Trains take around 60 minutes, running every five minutes in peak hours and every ten minutes between
480-423: The "trolley", giving the trolley car and trolley bus their names. With the horsepower available, the conveyance reached approx. 12 km/h (7-mile-per-hour). To power the system, Carl Ludwig Frischen, chief engineer of Siemens & Halske, had a power station built in a nearby shed, consisting of a small steam engine hooked up to a dynamo . This experimental vehicle already fulfilled all the technical criteria of
512-609: The Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia via Dresden Hauptbahnhof . After upgrades on the Berlin Dresden railway , the airport express (FEX) is to run via Südkreuz. During 2017 Germany's Ministry of the Interior announced a pilot project to employ facial recognition technology at Berlin Südkreuz station. The six-month trial will overlay facial recognition software over the station's existing video surveillance system and will track
544-565: The S-Bahn in West Berlin to the West Berlin transport authority BVG . It was initially planned to restore the section between Westend and Sonnenallee . After German reunification in 1990, plans were changed, so that in 1993 the south ring was reopened to the junction with the line towards Baumschulenweg with a connection to the Goerlitz line . The reconstruction of the connection between Sonnenallee and Treptow Park required large-scale renovation that
576-462: The nearby General-Pape-Straße , which is named after the Prussian general Alexander August Wilhelm von Pape . The Ringbahn platform opened as an island platform on 1 December 1901. The original Papestrasse station building, constructed from 1898 to 1901 was demolished, although a corner of the building, incorporating a clock tower, has been preserved as part of the new station. The station played
608-545: The need for trains to reverse there to continue their trip around the ring. Passengers could change at the Kolonnenstraße station across the platform to continue to ride on the Ringbahn without going all the way to the Potsdamer Ringbahnhof. From 1 January 1872 onwards, freight was carried on the line to freight yards separate from the passenger stations. The line was electrified in 1926. In 1930, ring line operation
640-515: The peaks, and in the evenings, using the greatly accelerated 481/482 series trains. Some sections of the ring are used by other lines. On the southern ring from the Görlitz line in the southeast, line S47 terminates at Hermannstraße , S46 at Westend and S45 at Berlin Südkreuz station , with some terminating at Bundesplatz . On the eastern section of the ring, lines S8 , S85 and S9 operate between Schönhauser Allee and Treptower Park. Under what
672-590: The planning options for line S21 . The following long-distance and freight curves connect with the ring line: Berlin S%C3%BCdkreuz station Berlin Südkreuz station ( German : Bahnhof Berlin Südkreuz , lit. 'Berlin South Cross';) is a railway station in the German capital Berlin . The station was originally opened in 1898 and is an interchange station . The Berlin Ringbahn line of
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#1732837563532704-594: The project with the space needed as well as access via the Berlin Ringbahn at nearby Halensee station . The Elektromote operated from April 29 to June 13, 1882, on a 540 m (591-yard) trail-track along “Straße No. 5”, today's Joachim-Friedrich-Straße, and “Straße No. 13”, today's Johann-Georg-Straße, crossing the upper Kurfürstendamm . According to other sources, the track was along the Ku'damm itself. The track being unimproved and correspondingly bumpy led to malfunctions of
736-623: The ring was complete for freight and long-distance trains, while the suburban trains running on the Ringbahn would still visit and reverse at Potsdamer station in the city center , turning north from the ring, running parallel to the Berlin–Potsdam–Magdeburg Railway . This section from the actual ring into the Potsdamer ring station became known as the Südringspitzkehre ( Southern ring switchback or hairpin turn ), reflecting
768-590: The side where there is the new Julius-Leber-Brücke ) to Potsdamer station (and, from 1891 onward, to a separate annex, Potsdamer ring station). From there, trains returned in the opposite direction. The line crossed the Anhalt Railway (and later the Royal Prussian Military Railway) on bridges. With the opening of the section from Schöneberg through the still-independent city of Charlottenburg (now Westend station ) to Moabit on 15 November 1877,
800-401: The south. These four sections served as tariff zones of the suburban fare structure before World War II . Over time, these four rings ceased to exist with the removal of track connections. Only at Westkreuz does an original such track remain, used only for utility purposes. At Ostkreuz, a newly-designed bypass provides access to southern branches without having to enter the station. Gesundbrunnen
832-637: The train bell had to be rung constantly. Plans were soon developed to build a ring line primarily for freight, running outside the then city limits. Funding for construction was possible only after the victory in the war with Austria of 1866 . The Lower Silesia-March [of Brandenburg] Railway Company was commissioned to construct and manage the line: construction began in 1867 and was completed in 1877. The first section opened on 17 July 1871 from Moabit through Gesundbrunnen , Central-Viehhof (now Storkower Straße ), Stralau-Rummelsburg (now Ostkreuz ), Rixdorf (now Neukölln ) and Schöneberg (later Kolonnenstraße, at
864-450: The vehicle which in turn contributed to the short duration of the experiment. Public transport or demonstration was not part of the project's purpose. The Electromote built by the Siemens & Halske company was a converted four-wheel landau carriage , equipped with two 2.2 kW electric motors , each of which transmitting power directly to one of the rear wheels using a chain drive . This
896-460: Was because a working differential was not available at the time. The voltage used was 550 V DC . The electric power transmission to the coach was by a flexible cable pulling a small eight-wheeled "contact car" ( Kontaktwagen ) that ran along the overhead power lines. The car was weighed so it wouldn't fall off the cables it ran on. In English language use, the Kontaktwagen was later named
928-491: Was combined with the Stadtbahn and suburban services as the Berlin S-Bahn . Since the trains were pulled by steam locomotives, they had to be refilled with water and coal and serviced at relatively short intervals; this was possible by reversing at Potsdamer Bahnhof. Even after electrification, the management of the railway company wanted to spare the passengers the need to change at the Papestraße or Schöneberg stations to
960-460: Was not feasible in the short term. The western part of the ring line was put back into operation in stages: More than 12 years after the fall of the Wall, the last gap of the S-Bahn between Westhafen, Wedding and Gesundbrunnen, was fully restored on 16 June 2002. Promotional material for the reopening referred this as the "Wedding Day," an allusion to the English word "wedding." Services operated under
992-448: Was omitted as one of many planned changes after the proclamation of Hitler's Welthauptstadt Germania on 30 January 1937. In World War II , the Potsdamer and Anhalter stations were heavily bombed; the Südringspitzkehre was closed in 1944 and was never reopened. From 1944 until the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, S-Bahn trains ran over the direct line between Papestraße (now Südkreuz ) and Schöneberg opened in 1933, making
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1024-635: Was severely delayed due to unexpected difficulties and NIMBY complaints of residents living near the long-disused north-south lines. Instead of opening in 2000 as scheduled, the station only opened on 28 May 2006, together with the new Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Berlin Main Station) in the center of Berlin. It is now used as a terminal station for ICE trains to Hamburg Hauptbahnhof , and sees a number of north-south services heading to and from Leipzig Hauptbahnhof or Halle Hauptbahnhof plus EuroCity services to
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