59-665: Eldoret Airport is an international airport in Kenya . Eldoret Airport, ( IATA : EDL , ICAO : HKEL ), is located in the city of Eldoret , in Uasin Gishu County , in midwestern Kenya , close to the international border with Uganda . Its location is approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi), by road, south of the central business district of Eldoret in Kapseret Ward. This location lies approximately 269 kilometres (167 mi), by air, northwest of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport ,
118-568: A Singapore stop instead of Dubai from 25 March 2018. Non-stop flights from Perth to London commenced in March 2018 with Boeing 787s , with the Kangaroo route becoming a non-stop route for the first time, while also connecting Australia and Europe via a non-stop route for the first time. These flights operate out of Perth's Terminal 3 rather than the traditional T1 in order to facilitate seamless transfers from Qantas domestic flights. The route also opens up
177-492: A final destination in the U.S. through the airport of entry . A crucial safety aspect of international airports is medical facilities and practices. In particular, controlling transmissible disease , such as SARS , is deemed important at international airports. While these standards are regulated by ICAO Standards And Recommended Practices (SARPs) and WHO 's International Health Regulations (IHR), local authorities have considerable say in how they are implemented. Among
236-403: A fuel stop at Singapore Changi Airport as of 2024. Qantas commenced operating non-stop flights from Perth to London with Boeing 787s on 25 March 2018. This ended the era of the continents of Europe and Oceania not being connected by non-stop flights, marking the first time that all of the world's continents, excluding Antarctica , are connected by non-stop flights. Qantas operated
295-507: A hub airport, however, spaces and services are shared. Airport management have to take into account a wide range of factors, among which are the performance of airlines, the technical requirements of aircraft, airport-airline relationships, services for travelling customers, security and environmental impacts. Technical standards for safety and operating procedures at international airports are set by international agreements. The International Air Transport Association (IATA), formed in 1945,
354-619: A partnership approved in 2013 with Emirates , Qantas announced that its services to London would stop in Dubai rather than Singapore, beginning that same year. Qantas also announced that its services to Frankfurt via Singapore would be discontinued in April 2013, leaving London as its only European destination. Following years of low demand on the Sydney-Dubai route, Qantas announced in 2017 that its flights between Sydney and London would be reverting to
413-432: A play on words of the aviation term "hop" (referring to a leg of a route), and the hop of a kangaroo, an Australian icon. Along with the newly created Qantas logo of the flying kangaroo, the terms "Kangaroo Service" and "Kangaroo Route" were trademarked by Qantas and became the airline's branded term to describe Qantas' Australia-United Kingdom connectivity. A significant milestone in 1947 when Qantas began operating
472-482: A valid ticket are allowed inside the sterile lounge. Admittance into the sterile area is done in centralized security checkpoints in contrast to e.g. individual checkpoints at each gate . This allows for more efficient processing of passengers with fewer staff, as well as makes it possible to detect both delays and security threats well ahead of boarding . To ensure the viability of airport operations, new and innovative security systems are being developed. For instance,
531-552: A week from Sydney to London, taking 29–32 hours with 5–6 stops each; BOAC's 7-9 weekly flights previously had 7 stops. In 1971 Qantas added Boeing 747s , reducing the travel time and number of stops (in the late 1970s flights typically stopped at Singapore and Bahrain ). Fares fell, opening air travel to more people with more competition. In April 1974 Qantas commenced operating a one stop service from Perth to London with only one stop in Bombay with Boeing 707s . In 1989 Qantas set
590-616: A world distance record for commercial jets when a Boeing 747-400 , the City of Canberra (VH-OJA) , flew non-stop from London to Sydney in just over 20 hours (with special fuel and without passengers or cargo). This was the only nonstop flight ever made between both cities for the next 3 decades. Starting in January 2009, Qantas began utilising its new A380 aircraft on the Kangaroo Route, raising its capacity to 450 passengers per flight. As part of
649-571: Is a term coined by Qantas , referring to the commercial passenger air routes flown between Australia and the United Kingdom via the Eastern Hemisphere . The route has been operated since 1934, but found its name in 1944 from the unique mode of travel of the kangaroo , as the route's "hops" were reminiscent of a kangaroo's , and both are used to cover long distances. The term is trademarked and traditionally used by Qantas , although it
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#1732859222106708-629: Is often used in the media and by airline competitors to describe all Australia to United Kingdom flights. In addition to Qantas, by 2003, over 20 airlines operated routes connecting Australia and the UK, including British Airways , Cathay Pacific , Emirates , Etihad , Malaysia Airlines , Qatar Airways , Singapore Airlines , Thai Airways and Turkish Airlines with most involving a single transfer between flights at their respective hubs. Only British Airways and Qantas offer through direct flights (not requiring passengers to change plane en route), both making
767-699: Is one of the most common sources for the naming of airports. A number of areas close to them have lent their names, including villages, estates, city districts, historical areas and regions, islands and even a waterfall. Sometimes the toponym is combined with or renamed to incorporate another name from another source such as from one of the following: A study found that 44 percent of the world's international airports are named by toponyms: named for politicians (thirty percent), aviators (seven percent), mythology and religion (three percent), public figures (two percent), people of science (two percent) and other (one percent). Airports also use an IATA -3 letter code to abbreviate
826-596: Is provided by ground-based controllers who coordinate and direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace. Air traffic control also provides advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. Airports with international flights have customs and immigration facilities, which allow right of entry. These change over time but are generally designated by law. However, as some countries have agreements that allow connecting flights without customs and immigrations, such facilities do not define an international airport. The current trend of enhancing security at
885-527: Is the association of the airline companies. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a body of the United Nations succeeding earlier international committees going back to 1903. These two organizations served to create regulations over airports which the airports themselves had no authority to debate. This eventually sparked an entire subject of air travel politics. In January 1948, 19 representatives from various US commercial airports met for
944-463: Is total elapsed travel time westbound (including stops) While "The Kangaroo Route™ " is a trademarked term belonging to Qantas, it is often genericized by the media, other operators, and even Qantas themselves to refer to all flights between Australia and the United Kingdom. Today Qantas remains the sole operator of "The Kangaroo Route" as well as the only nonstop flight between Australia and
1003-770: The Boeing 747 and the Airbus A380 commonly used for international and intercontinental travel. International airports often host domestic flights , which helps feed both passengers and cargo into international ones (and vice versa). Buildings, operations, and management have become increasingly sophisticated since the mid-20th century, when international airports began to provide infrastructure for international civilian flights. Detailed technical standards have been developed to ensure safety and common coding systems implemented to provide global consistency. The physical structures that serve millions of individual passengers and flights are among
1062-458: The Phoenix Islands ( Kiribati ), after serving as a military airport during World War II , was used as a refuelling stop by commercial aircraft such as Qantas which stationed ground crew there in the late 1950s. The advent in the early 1960s of jet aircraft such as the Boeing 707 with the range to fly non-stop between Australia or New Zealand and Hawaii , meant that a mid-Pacific stop
1121-415: The 12,754-mile (20,526 km) London to Brisbane route for passengers for a single fare £195 (equivalent to $ 42,700 in 2022). There were no through bookings on the first service because of heavy sector bookings, but there were two through passengers on the next flight that left London on 20 April. The route opened for passengers from Brisbane to London on 17 April; flights were weekly and the journey time
1180-472: The Australian part of the Kangaroo Route for nine years before coining (and later trademarking) the name. After starting airmail operations between Brisbane and Singapore in 1934, Qantas began operating passenger flights connecting Brisbane to Singapore in 1935 following successful awarding of the Australian government's tender. After disruption to the route due to the emerging hostilities of World War II ,
1239-621: The Indian ocean nonstop. The planned route was for flights between Crawley, Western Australia , and RAF Base Koggala in southern Ceylon. Designed to exploit the Catalina's extreme flight range, the flights became the longest non-stop commercial air route, covering over 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 kilometres; 4,000 miles) across the Indian Ocean. Navigated without the aid of radio, the crews relied solely on rudimentary navigation by compass and stars during
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#17328592221061298-471: The Kangaroo Route in a scheduled time of 70 hours. On April 7, 1946 - Qantas ended its Indian Ocean Service, and reverted the Kangaroo Route back via Darwin and Singapore. For the first time flying directly from Sydney to Darwin to Singapore, eliminating all previous domestic Australian stops. BOAC and Qantas service combined to operate the Kangaroo Route from Sydney to London time in a new record of 63 hours. In 1947, Qantas took over complete operation of
1357-461: The Kangaroo Route over time in terms of "hops" (routings), duration, and aircraft used. Illustrated in the below table are snapshots of that ongoing evolution over the years. Croydon (then train to London) Southampton, England (then train to London) Southampton, England (then train to London) London London London London London London London London London London Note: ^ Duration
1416-819: The Longest Hop . In June 1945, Avro Lancastrians were introduced on the England–Australia service, and the Liberators and Catalinas were soon shifted to other Qantas routes. The Catalina operated Double Sunrise service ended on 18 July 1945. On May 30, 1945 - following the end of the war in the European Theatre , Lancastrian operated flights by BOAC resumed from Hurn Airport in southern England, connecting in Karachi to Qantas' operated service which flew via Karachi - Minneriya (Ceylon) - Learmonth to Sydney. Covering
1475-659: The Western region to local and international markets. The airport is also expected to promote the exploitation of the rich tourism circuit of Western Kenya, which is largely unexploited. [REDACTED] Media related to Eldoret International Airport at Wikimedia Commons International airport An international airport is an airport with customs and border control facilities enabling passengers to travel between countries . International airports are usually larger than domestic airports , and feature longer runways and have facilities to accommodate heavier aircraft such as
1534-469: The airport has two scheduled International cargo flights and several ad hoc freighters per week. The airport is open from Monday to Sunday from 03.30 hours to 17.30 hours GMT, but the hours can be extended on request. Currently, the airport has three scheduled international cargo flights and several ad hoc freighters per week . Eldoret International Airport was built with the vision of achieving accelerated economic growth, through integration and opening up of
1593-746: The airport, such as at the Hong Kong International Airport , which included the construction of a high-speed railway and automobile expressway to connect the airport to the urban areas of Hong Kong. Construction of the expressway included the construction of two bridges (the Tsing Ma suspension bridge and Kap Shui Mun cable bridge) and the Ma Wan viaduct on Ma Wan island to connect the bridges. Each bridge carries rail and automobile traffic. International airports have commercial relationships with and provide services to airlines and passengers from around
1652-514: The availability of service varies across airports. Some international airports provide secure areas for stranded passengers to rest and sleep. The more usual service is hotels that are available on the premises. The World Airport Awards are voted by consumers in an independent global customer satisfaction survey. Singapore Changi Airport was the first-place winner in 2020. Other winners include Incheon International Airport (South Korea) and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (The Netherlands). Toponymy
1711-703: The beginning, required extensive co-ordination between users and interested parties – architects, engineers, managers and staff all need to be involved. Airports may also be regarded as emblematic of national pride and so the design may be architecturally ambitious. An example was the planned New Mexico City international airport , intended to replace an airport that has reached capacity. Airports can be towered or non-towered , depending on air traffic density and available funds. Because of high capacity and busy airspace , many international airports have air traffic control located on site. Some international airports require construction of additional infrastructure outside of
1770-465: The connectivity was famously restored by Qantas with its " Double Sunrise " service connectivity between Perth and Ceylon on the Indian Ocean Route with Catalina flying boats in 1943. With the addition of the land based Liberator aircraft to the route in 1944, the "Indian Ocean Route" was officially renamed "The Kangaroo Service" by Qantas' Managing Director Hudson Fysh and pilot Bill Crowther;
1829-409: The cost of passenger and baggage handling efficiency at international airports is expected to continue in the future. This places financial burden on airports, risks the flow of servicing processes, and has implications for the privacy of passengers. International flights often require a higher level of physical security than do domestic airports , although in recent years, many countries have adopted
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1888-431: The elements). Standard amenities include public restrooms, passenger waiting areas and retail stores for dining and shopping, including duty-free shops . Dining establishments may be consolidated in food courts . Some international airports may offer retail sales of luxury goods at duty-free stores. Wi-Fi service and access, offices for bureau de change ( currency exchange) and tourism advice are common, although
1947-459: The entire Kangaroo Route independently. This April 1947 inauguration is referred to as the birth date of the Kangaroo Route by Qantas, even though it had been operating a part of that route for almost a decade. In 1935 Qantas started flying passengers to Singapore in a De Havilland 86 to connect with London -bound Imperial Airways . London to Brisbane service commenced on 13 April 1935. Imperial Airways and Qantas Empire Airways opened
2006-712: The fastest trip from Sydney to London was 34 hr 30 min with eight stops. In the late 1950s, Qantas had a round-the-world network, flying Australia to Europe westward on the Kangaroo Route and eastward on the Southern Cross Route (via the Pacific Ocean ). In 1964 Qantas started a third route to London via Tahiti, Mexico , and the Caribbean , called the Fiesta Route. Qantas dropped its Southern Cross Route and Fiesta Route in 1975. By 1969, Qantas had 11 Kangaroo Route flights
2065-788: The first time in New York City to seek resolution to common problems they each faced, which initiated the formation of the Airport Operators Council , which later became Airports Council International – North America (ACI-NA). This group included representatives from Baltimore , Boston , Chicago , Cleveland , Dallas , Denver , Detroit , Jacksonville , Kansas City , Los Angeles , Memphis , Miami , Minneapolis-Saint Paul , New York , Philadelphia , Pittsburgh , St. Louis , San Francisco and Washington . International airports have extensive operations in managing flight logistics , such as air traffic control . The latter service
2124-502: The journey in 17 hours with 5,500 pounds (2,500 kg) of payload, whereas the Catalinas usually required at least 27 hours and their payload was limited to only 1,000 pounds (450 kg). This route was named ' The Kangaroo Service ' and was the genesis for the Kangaroo Route's naming. It also marked the first time that Qantas's now-famous Kangaroo logo was used; passengers received a certificate proclaiming them as members of The Order of
2183-500: The largest civilian and military airport in the country. Eldoret International Airport is a large airport that serves the city of Eldoret and the surrounding communities. Situated at 2,150 metres (7,050 ft) above sea level, the airport has a single asphalt runway that measures 3,475 metres (11,401 ft) in length. The airport was established in 1995. It is administered by the Kenya Airports Authority . Currently,
2242-480: The most complex and interconnected in the world. By the second decade of the 21st century, over 1,200 international airports existed with around 3.8 billion international passengers as of January 2023 along with 50 million metric tonnes of cargo passing through them annually. In August 1919, Hounslow Heath Aerodrome , in London , England , was the first airport to operate scheduled international commercial services. It
2301-874: The most important airport services are further transportation connections, including rail networks, taxi and shuttle services at curbside pick-up areas, and public buses. Large areas for automobile parking , often in co-located multi-storey car parks , are also typical to find at airports. Some airports provide shuttle services to parking garages for passengers and airport employees. Due to the very large scale of international airports, some have constructed shuttle services to transport passengers between terminals. Such systems operate for example, in Singapore Changi Airport and Zurich Airport . At some U.S. international airports, such as O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, some seating and waiting areas are located away from
2360-659: The names of all the international airports. Some airports are nicknamed after these codes, such as JFK , BWI , DFW , LAX , YYZ , FCO , and CDG . An "international airport" can be named as such by simply containing customs and border control facilities to enable international flights, regardless of whether international flights currently operate to or from the airport. For example, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection facility has been in place at Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport since July 1, 2012, but no scheduled international flights have been inaugurated to or from Bozeman since. Kangaroo Route The Kangaroo Route
2419-438: The old security checkpoints can be replaced by a "total security area" encompassing an entire airport, coupled with automatic surveillance of passengers from the moment they enter the airport until they embark on a plane. Passengers connecting to domestic flights from an international flight generally must take their checked luggage through customs and re-check their luggage at the domestic airline counter, requiring extra time in
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2478-514: The possibility of further direct flights to Europe from Perth such as Rome (launched June 2022) and Paris (launched July 2024). In late March 2020, prior to Qantas cutting all international services due to the COVID-19 pandemic , several repatriation flights were operated with a routing of Sydney- Darwin -London. The Singaporean government had banned transit passengers and airspace in the Middle East
2537-661: The process. In some cases in Europe , luggage can be transferred to the final destination even if it is a domestic connection. In some cases, travelers and the aircraft can clear customs and immigration at the departure airport. An example of this would be that some airports in Canada and Ireland , along with several other countries, have United States border preclearance facilities. This allows flights from those airports to fly into US airports that do not have customs and immigration facilities. Luggage from such flights can also be transferred to
2596-537: The route from Australia to The United Kingdom utilizing their new Lockheed Constellations. BOAC would continue to run its own service in parallel. Qantas first flew the Kangaroo Route on 1 December 1947. A Lockheed Constellation carried 29 passengers and 11 crew from Sydney to London with stops in Darwin , Singapore, Calcutta , Karachi , Cairo , and Tripoli (passengers stayed overnight in Singapore and Cairo). A return fare
2655-465: The same level of security for both. Most international airports feature a "sterile lounge", an area after security checkpoints within which passengers are free to move without further security checks. This area can have services such as duty-free shops that sell goods that have been selected and screened with safety in mind, so that purchasing and bringing them on board flights poses no security risks. In addition to employees, only processed passengers with
2714-530: The solution. At the far end of the longest international route (which became the Kangaroo Route ), on-water landing areas were found in places such as Surabaya and in the open sea off Kupang . In Sydney , Rose Bay, New South Wales , was chosen as the flying-boat landing area. International airports sometimes serve military as well as commercial purposes and their viability is also affected by technological developments. Canton Island Airport , for example, in
2773-407: The structure of the " Horseshoe Route " that connected Australia and England for passengers and airmail via Durban, South Africa where passengers would connect to steamboat service. This service was swiftly started just 8 days later with the first flight leaving Australia on June 19, 1940 and continuing its operation, modifying as necessary until its final reserve route ("Reserve Route 3") via Broome
2832-464: The terminal building, with passengers being shuttled to terminals. These areas may be referred to as ground transportation centers or intermodal centers. Amenities at ground transportation centers typically include restrooms and seating, and may also provide ticket counters, food and beverage sales and retail goods such as magazines. Some ground transportation centers have heating and air conditioning and covered boarding areas (to protect passengers from
2891-529: The trip. Taking between 27 and 33 hours, with departure timed so that the flight crossed Japanese occupied territory during darkness, the crew and passengers would observe the sunrise twice, which led to the service being known as " The Double Sunrise ". The Double Sunrise flights remain the longest (in terms of airtime) commercial flights in history. Initially, passengers and mail were then transferred via ground transport from Galle to Karachi connecting with BOAC service onwards to London. In November 1943, this
2950-534: The world. Many also serve as hubs , or places where non-direct flights may land and passengers may switch planes, while others serve primarily direct point-to-point flights. This affects airport design factors, including the number and placement of terminals as well as the flow of passengers and baggage between different areas of the airport. An airport specializing in point-to-point transit can have international and domestic terminals, each in their separate building equipped with separate baggage handling facilities . In
3009-616: Was 12 1 ⁄ 2 days. Eastbound passengers from London would first fly from Croydon to Paris , take an overnight train to Brindisi , and fly onward with stops at Athens , Alexandria (overnight), Gaza , Baghdad (overnight), Basra , Kuwait , Bahrain , Sharjah (overnight), Gwadar , Karachi , Jodhpur (overnight), Delhi , Cawnpore , Allahabad , Calcutta (overnight), Akyab , Rangoon , Bangkok (overnight), Alor Star , Singapore (overnight), Batavia , Sourabaya , Rambang (overnight), Koepang , Darwin (overnight), Longreach (overnight), and Charleville . London-Karachi
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#17328592221063068-511: Was Port Hedland - Batavia - Christmas Island - Cocos Island - Diego Garcia - The Seychelles - Mombasa. This route was surveyed and tested in June 1939 but would ultimately not be used, in part as Batavia had already fallen in March 1942 in the Battle of Java (1942) . On July 29, 1943, Qantas resumed the kangaroo route's modified operation, using a fleet of 5 Consolidated PBY Catalina aircraft to cross
3127-721: Was closed and supplanted by Croydon Airport in March 1920. In the United States, Douglas Municipal Airport in Arizona became the first international airport of the Americas in 1928. The precursors to international airports were airfields or aerodromes . In the early days of international flights , infrastructure was limited, "although if engine problems arose there were plenty of places where aircraft could land". Since four-engined land planes were unavailable for over-water operations to international destinations, flying boats became part of
3186-455: Was closed, due to the pandemic. This was the first time an Airbus A380 flew nonstop between Australia and Europe. In November 2021, Qantas resumed non-stop Kangaroo Route flights, this time from Darwin to London before resuming the non-stop route between Perth and London in May 2022 following the reopening of Western Australia for international travel. Since its founding in 1935, Qantas has evolved
3245-536: Was lost on February 15, 1942 with the fall of Singapore. Plans for restoration of the connectivity were started in early 1943, resulting in the ideation, equipping, and successful testing of what would become the Double Sunrise service. Earlier in 1939 an alternative route via the Indian Ocean was proposed and designed by the Australian Government for potential use in case of emergency. The designed route
3304-608: Was no longer needed and the airport was closed to regular commercial use. Other international airports, such as Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong , have been decommissioned and replaced when they reached capacity or technological advances rendered them inadequate. The construction and operation of an international airport depends on a complicated set of decisions that are affected by technology, politics, economics and geography as well as both local and international law. Designing an airport even for domestic traffic or as "non-hub" has, from
3363-506: Was operated by Imperial Airways, Karachi-Singapore jointly by Imperial and Indian Trans-Continental Airways, and Singapore-Brisbane by Qantas. On June 11, 1940, Italy entered WWII and the Kangaroo Route connection across the Mediterranean Sea from Egypt was severed with the resulting loss of all access to commercial air routes. While direct passenger air connectivity was lost, previous contingency plans were put into action, utilising
3422-532: Was replaced by adding an additional hop to the kangaroo route operated by the Qantas Catalinas up the Indian coast to Karangi Creek in Karachi. In June 1944, Qantas augmented the Kangaroo Route's Catalina service with an additional route operated by converted Consolidated Liberator bombers. The Liberators flew from Perth to Learmonth before flying a shorter 3,077 mi (4,952 km) over-water route to an airfield northeast of Colombo , but they could make
3481-787: Was £585 (equivalent to $ 89,400 in 2022), equivalent to 130 weeks average pay. In the 1950s and 1960s some Qantas Kangaroo Routes featured other stops, including Frankfurt , Zürich , Rome , Athens , Beirut , Tehran , Bombay , and Colombo . In May 1958 the Kangaroo Route had 11 westward flights a week: four Qantas Super Constellations , four BOAC Britannias , and one Air India Super Constellation from Sydney to London, one KLM Super Constellation Sydney to Amsterdam, and one TAI Douglas DC-6B Auckland to Paris. In February 1959 Qantas' fastest Super Constellation took 63 hr 45 min Sydney to Heathrow and BOAC's Britannia took 49 hr 25 min. Jet flights (Qantas with Boeing 707 ) started in 1959; in April 1960
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