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64-757: Spencer Penrose incorporated El Pomar Foundation in 1937 with a donation of 15,000 shares of stock in El Pomar Investment Company and a check for $ 129,500. In its first year, the Foundation made 5 grants, totaling $ 81,737, to: Junior League of Colorado Springs Nutrition Camp, Fountain Valley School of Colorado, Penrose Colorado Community School, Glockner Hospital, and the Boys & Girls Club of Colorado Springs. Penrose contributed an additional $ 15 million two years later upon his death in 1939 and Julie Penrose served as

128-462: A 360-degree view of the nonprofit sector. The two-year paid Fellowship for recent college graduates prepares individuals for roles as community leaders. More than 250 leaders have gone through the Fellowship since its inception in 1991. El Pomar's summer internship program provides an opportunity for college students with an interest in the nonprofit sector and leadership to gain work experience. During

192-562: A failed attempt to climb to the top in November 1806, Pike wrote in his journal: The first European ascent of the peak came 14 years after Pike's discovery, in the summer of 1820. Edwin James , a young student who had just graduated from Middlebury College in Vermont , signed on as the relief botanist for Stephen Harriman Long 's expedition after the first botanist had died. The expedition explored

256-464: A few miles up Ute Pass at Cascade . The road has a series of switchbacks, treacherous at high speed, called "The W's" for their shape on the northwest side of the mountain. The road is maintained by the city of Colorado Springs as a toll road . A project to pave the remainder of the road was completed on October 1, 2011. The project was in response to a suit by the Sierra Club over damage caused by

320-401: A fire, but Palmer wouldn't sell. Palmer had established Colorado Springs as a "dry city", and Penrose had different ideas for what would be offered at his hotel. In 1916 Penrose purchased a site outside the boundaries of the city for $ 90,000, from Prussian Count James Pourtales. Penrose commissioned architects to design the hotel of his dreams. After reviewing several designs, Penrose selected

384-713: A general purpose foundation, providing Trustee -approved grants across five grant making areas: arts and culture, civic and community initiatives, education, health, and human services. The Foundation also operates several endowed funds. Anna Keesling Ackerman Fund: Supports nonprofit organizations serving the Pikes Peak Region, with a specific focus on organizations working in arts and humanities, education, health, human services, and civic and community initiatives. Freda Hambrick Fund: Supports nonprofit organizations that prevent cruelty to animals, provide direct care and medical assistance, and offer educational programs for

448-650: A metallurgist for the Bingham Canyon Gold & Silver Mine, and was the chief engineer at the US Reduction Plant Company in Florence, Colorado. A survey revealed the Bingham Canyon ore deposit contained only 2% copper. After consulting both Jackling and geologist Richard Penrose, Spencer's brother, the men determined that the copper could yield high profits if they could efficiently extract the copper from

512-403: A nonprofit conference and education center owned and operated by El Pomar Foundation. Penrose House serves as an education and conference center available exclusively for the nonprofit community. Penrose House is not intended to host the routine or regularly scheduled activities of nonprofit organizations, but is offered as a venue for strategic meetings and conferences. Use of Penrose House space

576-549: A part of the region's economy and quality of life. Discussion topics focus on key challenges to how the region can preserve, protect, and promote natural assets. The foundation provides funding and grants to organizations including the American Red Cross. In 2019 donations were for the Decker Fire In response to the 2020 Colorado fires ( Cameron Peak Fire , CalWood Fire , Lefthand Canyon Fire and East Troublesome Fire )

640-539: A potential gold rush in Cripple Creek, Colorado . Tutt had gone to Colorado Springs, Colorado in 1884, where he found initial success in real estate in the developing city. Tutt and Penrose had been childhood friends; both their fathers were doctors at the children's hospital. Tutt loaned Penrose the money to purchase a half stake in his Cripple Creek real estate business, which included the Cash on Delivery (C.O.D.) Mine. This

704-522: A special account. With the intent to increase impact and establish connections throughout the entire state, El Pomar created Regional Partnerships to help communities identify and address local needs. The program convenes community leaders into 11 Regional Councils that advise El Pomar's Trustees and recommend multi-year grants to address the needs in their home communities. More than 70 community leaders make up 11 Regional Councils representing all 64 Colorado counties.  Regional Council members represent

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768-610: Is named in honor of American explorer Zebulon Pike , even though he was unable to reach the summit. The summit is higher than any point in the United States east of its longitude . The band of Ute people who called the Pikes Peak region their home were the Tabeguache , whose name means the "People of Sun Mountain". Tava or "sun", is the Ute word that was given by these first people to

832-412: Is one of Colorado's 54  fourteeners , mountains more than 14,000 feet (4,267.2 m) above sea level. The massif rises over 8,000 ft (2,400 m) above downtown Colorado Springs. Pikes Peak is a designated National Historic Landmark . It is composed of a characteristic pink granite called Pikes Peak granite . The color is due to a large amount of potassium feldspar . It is thought that

896-594: Is provided at no cost for qualified organizations and requests: El Pomar. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.elpomar.org/ Noel, T. J., & Norman, C. M. (2002). Pikes Peak Partnership: The Penroses and the Tutts . University Press of Colorado. Spencer Penrose Spencer Penrose (November 2, 1865 – December 7, 1939) was an American entrepreneur and philanthropist. He made his fortune from mining, ore processing, and real estate speculation in Colorado and other parts of

960-501: Is required by humans and animals not acclimated to high altitudes. Altitude sickness may develop in those who are sensitive or who over-exert themselves. The summit of Pikes Peak has a polar climate ( ET ) due to its elevation. Snow is a possibility any time year-round, and thunderstorms with high winds gusting up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) or more are common in the afternoons. Surrounding areas have different climatic variations depending on location and elevation. Much of

1024-450: The Colorado nonprofit community in partnership with Colorado Springs' Center for Creative Leadership (CCL). CCL offers training to managers and leaders seeking developmental experiences. This seminar updates and informs managers and trustees of private foundations about tax laws that affect private foundations. El Pomar's Pikes Peak Heritage Series increases knowledge and interest in

1088-726: The Pawnee called the same mountain Tûs Pêh ("Where the Heavens Touch the Earth"), and the Ute Indians called it Tava-Kaavi ("Sun Mountain"). Throughout its history, European peoples have called the mountain El Capitán, Grand Peak, Great Peak, James Peak, Long Mountain, and Pike's Peak. Early Spanish explorers named the mountain "El Capitán," meaning "The Leader". American explorer Zebulon Pike named

1152-517: The Penrose House , it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Now it is owned and operated as a conference and meeting space. It is available at no charge to Colorado's nonprofit organizations. Together with his longtime partner Charles Tutt, Penrose completed a plan to build a road to the 14,115-foot summit of Pikes Peak , to promote tourism in the area. At a cost of $ 283,000,

1216-784: The Pikes Peak region. Individuals and businesses raise over $ 1 million each holiday season. The Gazette Charities-El Pomar Foundation's Empty Stocking Fund provides funding for the Forum for Civic Advancement seeks and supports individuals interested in the civics of the Pikes Peak region. Throughout the year, Forum brings in speakers from across the country to provide insights on public policy issues affecting Colorado . With numerous military bases in Colorado Springs and Denver , El Pomar Foundation supports service members and their families throughout Colorado . This four-day program offered to

1280-668: The Pikes Peak Highway . The Devils Playground is named for the way lightning sometimes dances around the prominence during lightning storms. The Devils Playground is the highest point in Teller County at an approximate elevation of 13,075 feet (3,985 m). The first Europeans to see Pikes Peak were the Spanish in the 1700s. The first American sighting is often credited to members of the Pike Expedition , led by Zebulon Pike . After

1344-517: The South Platte River up as far as present-day Denver, then turned south and passed close to what James called "Pike's highest peak". James and two other men left the expedition, camped on the plains, and climbed the peak in two days, encountering little difficulty. Along the way, James was the first to describe the blue columbine , Colorado's state flower. Gold was discovered in the area of present-day Denver in 1858, and newspapers referred to

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1408-458: The 10–12 week experience, interns support the work of all departments within the Foundation. This program equips ethnic minorities with the training to broaden their impact on the community at-large. ELD connects local organizations with specially-trained leaders. In partnership with Colorado Springs' daily newspaper, The Gazette , El Pomar assists this holiday fundraising campaign that raises money for 20 health and human service agencies across

1472-724: The Colorado Springs Youth Sports Park, the business and economics majors at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs , and programs in small Colorado communities (by invitation only). Hybl Fund: Supports Olympic , Paralympic , and youth sports (by invitation only). El Pomar also operates several Community Stewardship programs. Each year, El Pomar hosts two delegations of international leaders, introducing them to various community and state leaders. This program recognizes Colorado nonprofit organizations by presenting them with cash awards for their work to support

1536-680: The Colorado-Philadelphia Reduction Company; by 1899 its plant was treating over $ 3 million worth of Cripple Creek ore annually. The three men would create a mining, milling, and real estate empire in the years that followed. As their interests in Cripple Creek dwindled, Tutt, Penrose, and MacNeill followed a suggestion of metallurgist Daniel C. Jackling , who believed that a massive copper deposit located in Bingham Canyon, Utah could be successfully mined. Jackling had been

1600-537: The Glockner-Penrose Hospital (now Penrose-St. Francis Health Services). They founded El Pomar Foundation on December 17, 1937. With a mission "to enhance, encourage, and promote the future and current well-being of the people of Colorado," El Pomar Foundation continues as a grantmaking organization. From an initial combined gift of $ 21 million, the assets of the Foundation now exceed $ 600 million. Its grants have yielded more than $ 1.2 billion in results for

1664-626: The President of the Foundation until her passing in 1956. The name "El Pomar," comes from the name of the estate that Spencer and Julie purchased for their home in Colorado Springs . The house was built on the site of the Dixon Apple Orchard and El Pomar translates to "the orchard" in Catalan . The Foundation celebrated its 80th anniversary in 2017. The Foundation’s assets have grown to more than $ 600 million as of 2018. El Pomar Foundation serves as

1728-639: The Rocky Mountains in Colorado in 1858, and reached the summit on August 5, with J. D. Miller and George Peck, making Archibald Holmes the first European-American woman to climb Pikes Peak. From the summit, she wrote in a letter to her mother: "Nearly everyone tried to discourage me from attempting it, but I believed that I should succeed; and now here I am, and I feel that I would not have missed this glorious sight for anything at all." Thirty-five years later, in July ;1893, Katharine Lee Bates wrote

1792-530: The Southwest in Arizona , New Mexico , and Nevada . The works in Cripple Creek and Utah Copper generated an immense fortune for Penrose, which he brought with him to Colorado Springs, Colorado . Penrose returned to Colorado Springs as a successful entrepreneur. During this time, he met his future wife, widow Julie Villiers (Lewis) McMillan. Spencer and Julie met and became friends through overlapping social circles in

1856-537: The Spanish-style villa constructed in 1910. The house was built on the site of the Dixon Apple Orchard, for which the estate was named El Pomar (colloquial Spanish for "the orchard"). The Penroses renovated the house, adding two stories, corona marble tiles, carved wood panels, and crystal chandeliers. They hired the Olmsted Brothers to design the surrounding grounds. Later the house changed ownership. Known as

1920-535: The West. He founded the Utah Copper Company in 1903, and also established mining operations in Arizona , New Mexico and Nevada . He settled with his fortune in Colorado Springs, Colorado , where he and partner Charles L. Tutt had a road constructed to the top of Pikes Peak . They initiated an annual motor car race to the top. In 1918 Penrose opened an opulent resort hotel known as The Broadmoor , built outside

1984-658: The balance is for labor, because of the project's high standards and the rigors of working for a maximum of 6 + 1 ⁄ 2  hours per day at such a high altitude during a short season of April to October. Heavy equipment and prefabricated building components are slowly moved up the mountain's highway in the middle of the night to avoid any car traffic. Ground conditions are bedrock and alpine permafrost , soil and rock that remains at or below freezing temperatures all year to depths of up to 200 feet (61 m), only warming above freezing in direct sunlight or due to external sources. Problems with excavation and blasting exist because

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2048-467: The bottom of his class, but his ambitions were to travel west and make his career on the frontier, rather than as a doctor, lawyer or politician like his brothers. After Harvard, Spencer Penrose migrated to Las Cruces, New Mexico . He established several businesses, selling each for enough to cut his losses and try his next venture. In 1892 his brother, Richard – by then a successful geologist – and Philadelphia friend, Charles L. Tutt wrote to him about

2112-599: The business, nonprofit, and public sectors. Each Council member comes to El Pomar with an established record of community engagement and the ability to provide firsthand information about the needs in the local region. Each Council provides direct grant recommendations to El Pomar’s Trustees, with the potential for a combined annual impact of more than $ 2 million across the state. Since 2003, the Councils have invested more than $ 22 million in their communities. The former home of El Pomar founders Spencer and Julie Penrose now serves as

2176-785: The city which was a "dry" community. In 1937 he and his wife Julie established the El Pomar Foundation , to support activities to improve Colorado. In 2001, Penrose was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum . Spencer "Spec" Penrose was born on November 2, 1865, as the fifth of seven sons of a prominent Philadelphia family. The family traces its paternal line to immigrant ancestor Bartholomew Penrose, who arrived in Philadelphia in 1698. Spencer's father, Richard Alexander Fullerton Penrose,

2240-578: The city. Although Penrose had formerly pledged to stay a bachelor, he changed his mind. The two married in London , England, on April 28, 1906, and traveled in Europe for their honeymoon. Inspired by his stays in grand European hotels and resorts, Penrose returned to Colorado Springs intending to build his own hotel. A few years later, the Penroses bought the residence of their close friend, Grace Goodyear Potter, who had

2304-423: The current Summit House. The older facility will remain open to the more than 600,000 visitors annually through the end of construction in the fall of 2020 or summer of 2021. Around 40 contractors are working on the $ 50 million project. The general contractor, G.E. Johnson Construction Co., estimates that about half of the budget is for materials, many of which are prefabricated in downslope shops, and

2368-551: The design of the firm Warren and Wetmore , known for their work in New York City , including Grand Central Terminal . The contractors broke ground in April 1917 and a grand opening was held at the hotel on June 29, 1918. Its cost exceeded $ 3 million. The Broadmoor attracted numerous visitors. Targeting Midwesterners, Penrose placed advertisements in notable publications and invited celebrities to pose for photos and provide testimonials to

2432-705: The foundation provided $ 50,000 in grants. Also in 2020 the Foundation collaborated with the United Way of Pueblo County, and the Colorado Housing and Finance Authority to help those who were displaced by a fire at the Fenix Apartment complex. In 2018, in response to the July and August storms, the Foundation provided two grants totaling $ 500,000. The El Paso County’s Fraud Investigation Unit determined eligibility. El Paso County finance representatives issued on-site checks from

2496-593: The gold-mining area as "Pike's Peak". Pike's Peak or Bust became the slogan of the Colorado Gold Rush (see also Fifty-Niner ). This was more due to Pikes Peak's visibility to gold seekers traveling west across the plains than any actual significant gold find anywhere near Pikes Peak. Major gold deposits were not discovered in the Pikes Peak area until the Cripple Creek Mining District was discovered southwest of Pikes Peak and led, in 1893, to one of

2560-541: The granite was once magma that crystallized at least 20 miles (32 km) beneath the Earth's surface, formed by an igneous intrusion during the Precambrian , approximately 1.05 billion years ago, during the Grenville orogeny . Through the process of uplifting , the hardened rock pushed through the Earth's crust and created a dome-like mountain, covered with less resistant rock. Years of erosion and weathering removed

2624-458: The gravel and sediment that is constantly washed off the road into the alpine environment. In 2023, the toll road cost US$ 15 for age 16 and older or US$ 5 for age 6 to 15; from December 1 to April 30 the cost is reduced to US$ 10 for age 16 and older. The Highway is famous worldwide for the annual Pikes Peak International Hill Climb , a motor race held since 1916. The short film Climb Dance features Ari Vatanen racing his Peugeot 405 T16 up

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2688-684: The highway was completed on August 1, 1916. The same year, Penrose organized the first motor race to the summit; established annually, it is the second-oldest motor car race in the US. It still runs in the early 21st century, and is known as the Broadmoor Pikes Peak International Hill Climb . Penrose began work on his project, The Broadmoor Hotel. He reportedly wanted to buy the Antlers Hotel from Colorado Springs founder William Jackson Palmer , who had it rebuilt in 1901 after

2752-548: The last major gold rushes in the lower 48 states. In July 1860, Clark, Gruber and Company commenced minting gold coins in Denver bearing the phrase "Pike's Peak Gold" and an artist's rendering of the peak (sight unseen) on the obverse . In 1863, the U.S. Treasury purchased the minting equipment for $ 25,000 (or $ 620,000 adjusted for inflation) to open the Denver Mint . Julia Archibald Holmes and James Holmes traveled to

2816-501: The mountain "Highest Peak" in 1806, and the mountain was later commonly known as "Pike's Highest Peak." American explorer Stephen Harriman Long named the mountain "James Peak" in honor of Edwin James who climbed to the summit during Long's Expedition of 1820 . The mountain was later renamed "Pike's Peak" in honor of Pike. The name was simplified to "Pikes Peak" by the United States Board on Geographic Names in 1890. Pikes Peak

2880-509: The mountain that we now call Pikes Peak. (In contrast, the name Tabeguache Peak is now used for a peak further west.) It is thought that the Ute people first arrived in Colorado about 500 A.D., however their oral history states that they were created on Tava. In the 1800s, when the Arapaho people arrived in Colorado, they knew the mountain as Heey-otoyoo' meaning "Long Mountain". By comparison,

2944-419: The mountain, snapping and uprooting several trees. The tornado travelled 2 miles along Pikes Peak Highway and wind speeds reached 108 mph. No injuries were reported from the storm. At the peak, the partial pressure of oxygen is only about 60% of that at sea level. Water boils at 186 °F (86 °C) at 14,000 feet, rather than 212 °F (100 °C) at sea level. A faster rate of respiration

3008-421: The mountain. The Manitou and Pike's Peak Railway , the world's highest cog railroad , operated from Manitou Springs to the summit, closed for repairs in 2017. After being closed for more than three years, the cog railway resumed service seven days per week (conditions permitting) on May 27, 2021. Road vehicles can be driven to the summit via the Pikes Peak Highway , a 19 mi (31 km) road that starts

3072-619: The opulence of the Broadmoor. The accompanying golf course also attracted wealthy visitors from across the country. Spencer and Julie Penrose were philanthropists, giving strong financial support to major civic projects in Colorado Springs. Their legacy projects include the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo , Will Rogers Shrine of the Sun , Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center , Pikes Peak Highway , and

3136-483: The ore. Penrose formed the Utah Copper Company in 1903. He worked with others to design a mill to extract the copper at a rate generally considered impossible by other mining and milling experts. Their gamble paid off, and the men developed a fast-growing enterprise that mined and milled more copper than they had imagined was possible. Penrose's success in Utah encouraged him to invest and begin copper mining operations across

3200-500: The people of Colorado . In addition, El Pomar recognizes individuals for their contributions to the nonprofit sector. Since its inception in 1989, the Awards for Excellence program has provided more than $ 5.8 million in grant support to more than 700 nonprofit organizations throughout Colorado . The Fellowship provides hands-on experience and a professional development curriculum for the next generation of Colorado leaders. Each Fellow gets

3264-531: The permafrost in the fractured granite actually absorbs energy. The project is being constructed to achieve both Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum Certification and Living Building Challenge . The new complex will include a visitor center, a communications facility for Colorado Springs Utilities, and the Army's High-Altitude Research Laboratory. On July 20, 2023, an EF1 tornado touched down on

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3328-405: The proper care of and attention to animals within the state of Colorado . Sally Beck Fund: Supports nonprofit organizations providing direct care to equines, therapeutic riding programs, equine education programs, and equine-related disaster response programs. Wildland Fire Fund: Assists with the immediate emergency needs of volunteer fire fighting agencies and first responders throughout

3392-455: The soil and rock leaving the exposed mountain. Soils on Pikes Peak above the timberline (approximately 12,000 ft or 3,700 m) are classified as Cirque land . Forests at lower altitudes mostly lie over the brown stony, sandy, loams of the Catamount loam or Ivywild loam series. The Devils Playground is a minor subpeak of Pikes Peak located on the northwest side of the mountain near

3456-662: The song " America the Beautiful ", after having admired the view from the top of Pikes Peak. It appeared in print in The Congregationalist , a weekly journal, on July 4, 1895. A plaque commemorating the words to the song was placed at the summit. On July 17, 1913 William Wayne Brown drove his car, the Bear Cat , 20 miles (32 km) to the summit. The ascent took 5 hours and 28 minutes. The uppermost portion of Pikes Peak, above 14,000 feet (4,267 m) elevation,

3520-552: The state of Colorado . Dorothy Ferrand Fund: Provides support to organizations making a significant impact on the educational, medical, health care and other needs of low-income children and their parents in the Pikes Peak region (by invitation only). Karl E. Eitel Fund: Supports the work of Colorado nonprofit organizations serving at-risk youth (by invitation only). Olin Fund: Supports investments in Olin Field at

3584-637: The state of Colorado. El Pomar also operates community stewardship programs, including: Awards for Excellence, Regional Partnerships, and a two-year Fellowship for young leaders. The Foundation also operates two properties of the Penrose family: The Will Rogers Shrine of the Sun , where the Penroses are entombed; and the Penrose Heritage Museum, which showcases the Penroses' collection of carriages, as well as artifacts from their travels. Penrose died in 1939, two years after founding El Pomar Foundation. He

3648-446: The steep, twisty slopes. It also hosts the Pikes Peak Cycling Hill Climb (formerly Assault on the Peak), a cycling hillclimb race first held in 2010, and the USA Cycling Hill Climb National Championships, a race first held in 2016. The most popular hiking route to the top is called Barr Trail , which approaches the summit from the east. The trailhead is just past the cog railway depot in Manitou Springs. Visitors can walk, hike, or bike

3712-418: The summit from the west. Barr Trail can also be accessed via the Manitou Incline . Since the end of 1922, the AdAmAn Club, a mountaineering group, climb the Barr Trail on the east face of Pikes Peak each year on December 30th, stay overnight at Barr Camp, and continue to the top on December 31. Then, at midnight on New Year's Eve, the AdAmAn members and their guests ignite a fireworks display from

3776-416: The summit. Since 1969, the summit of Pikes Peak has been the site of the United States Army Pikes Peak Research Laboratory , a medical research laboratory for the assessment of the impact of high altitude on human physiological and medical parameters of military interest. On June 4, 2018, ground-breaking was held for a new 38,000 square feet (3,500 m ) Summit Complex which is being constructed next to

3840-488: The trail. Although the Barr Trail is rated only Class 1, it is a long and arduous hike with nearly 8,000 ft (2,400 m) of elevation gain, and a 13 mi (21 km) trip one-way. The Pikes Peak Marathon , a trail race held since 1956, is a round trip between the trailhead and the Pikes Peak. The Barr Trail Mountain Race is a 13 miles (21 km) round trip between the trailhead and Barr Camp. Another route, rated as Class 2, begins at Crags Campground, approaching

3904-496: Was a doctor, who in 1854 founded the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia . Spencer's mother, Sarah Hannah (Boies) Penrose, promoted a simple life of austerity for her family. The first son died in infancy, leaving Boies Penrose , Charles Bingham , Richard Alexander Fullerton Jr., Spencer, Francis Boies, and Phillip Thomas. The Penrose men attended Harvard University , and Boies, Charles, and Richard graduated from there with high honors. Unlike them, Spencer graduated from Harvard at

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3968-563: Was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961. Pikes Peak was the home of a ski resort from 1939 until 1984. There are several visitor centers on Pikes Peak, some with a gift shop and restaurant. These centers are located at the 6-mile (9.7 km) and 12-mile (19 km) markers of the toll road, plus one at the summit itself. Along with other food, the Summit House sells special high altitude doughnuts , frying up to 700 per hour. The doughnuts collapse or go mushy if transported to lower altitudes. There are several ways to ascend

4032-461: Was survived by Julie, who served as President of the Foundation until her death in 1956. Pikes Peak Pikes Peak is the highest summit of the southern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in North America . The ultra-prominent 14,107-foot (4,299.83 m) fourteener is located in Pike National Forest , 12 miles (19 km) west of downtown Colorado Springs, Colorado . The town of Manitou Springs lies at its base. The mountain

4096-720: Was the beginning of a long-lasting partnership between the two men. The C.O.D. Mine was one of the most successful in Cripple Creek but, as Penrose and Tutt continued their partnership and operations, they began to realize the value of opening a new business in ore processing . Tutt and Penrose sold the C.O.D. mine in 1895 for $ 250,000 and invested the money in their new venture: the Colorado-Philadelphia Reduction Company, an ore-processing facility in Old Colorado City . The two men knew they would need someone with expertise in ore processing, so they brought on tenured miner and miller, Charles Mather MacNeill . The new partnership among Tutt, Penrose, and MacNeill resulted in increased business at

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