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38-710: The river originates in the mountains to the east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec , a lowland corridor between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. In its upper reaches it flows westward through the Zoque Forest (Selva Zoque), an ecologically important zone with high biological diversity, part of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor . It is home to cichlids among many other species of fish. The river provides water to

76-655: A company that also operates along the Ferroistmo -owned Tuehantepec line. Several proposals have been made for modernizing the inter-ocean rail connection. In 2019, as part of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec Development Plan, a project has been taking place since June of that year to create a communication link between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans through the Tehuantepec Railway and the ports of Salina Cruz and Coatzacoalcos, known as

114-516: A maize-based drink. Since the days of Hernán Cortés , the Tehuantepec isthmus has been considered a favorable route, first for an interoceanic canal , and since the 19th century for an interoceanic railway . Its proximity to the axis of international trade gives it some advantage over the Panama route. The Isthmus of Panama, however, is significantly narrower, making for a shorter traversal, even if

152-722: A surge of denser air originating from the North American continent will send strong winds through the Chivela Pass and out over the Gulf of Tehuantepec on the Pacific coast. This wind is known as the Tehuano . The region has one of the best wind resources in Mexico, with several wind farms . In the Oaxaca half of Tehuantepec, the population is composed mostly of indigenous Zapotec peoples . The women are

190-566: Is a government-owned railway system in Mexico that has 3 lines. It seeks to become a global logistics network focused on the manufacture and movement of goods between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean through the Isthmus of Tehuantepec . The project consists of the renovation of the railroad, which is expected to increase the speed of the freight train from 20 km/h (12 mph) to 70 km/h (43 mph), more than three times

228-644: Is an isthmus in Mexico . It represents the shortest distance between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean . Before the opening of the Panama Canal , it was a major overland transport route known simply as the Tehuantepec Route . The name is taken from the town of Santo Domingo Tehuantepec in the state of Oaxaca ; this was derived from the Nahuatl term Tēcuāntepēc (" jaguar mountain "). The isthmus includes

266-535: Is developing Watershed Management Plans for El Corte (Santa Maria Chimalapa) and Espíritu Santo (San Miguel Chimalapa) rivers to alleviate these threats. Projects under the Puebla-Panama Plan , such as an industrial corridor to the west of the Zoque forest around the trans-isthmus highway, and rural industrialization through tree and coffee plantations and cattle corridors, may threaten the river's ecology. In June 2008

304-528: Is the narrowest area between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans in the whole country. Only 220 kilometers separate the two oceans between the gulfs of Mexico and Tehuantepec. During the first half of the 16th century, it seemed as if nature could not withstand the strenuous effort of the Spanish conquistadores to find, within the tropics, a strait connecting the two oceans. This meant that in the conquest explorations during

342-518: The Atlantic or northern slope is 3,960 mm (156 in) and the maximum temperature about 35 °C (95 °F) in the shade. The Pacific slope has a light rainfall and dryer climate . The narrowness of the isthmus, and the gap in the Sierra Madre, allow the trade winds from the Gulf of Mexico to blow through to the Pacific. Normally, these winds are not particularly strong, but periodically,

380-507: The Central American river turtle . As a result, the Isthmus presents a case of allopatric speciation wherein a geographic divide gives rise to population divergence and a significant decrease in gene flow. The predominant climates in the region are tropical savanna (primarily in the south) and tropical monsoon (primarily in the north). There are also small central areas with a temperate climate due to elevation. The annual rainfall on

418-462: The Interoceanic Corridor of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec . Recent reports state that this corridor will be fully operational by December 2023. 17°12′N 94°42′W  /  17.2°N 94.7°W  / 17.2; -94.7 Ferrocarril Trans%C3%ADstmico The Interoceanic Train of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec ( Spanish : Tren Interoceánico del Istmo de Tehuantepec )

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456-843: The Stampede Pass , a dome car built by the Budd Company in 1954) from the Railway Excursion Management Company (Railexco). The first of the SD70Ms, numbered 4378, were presented on August 13, 2023. Meanwhile, in September 2023, an EMD F59PH locomotive was seen in Mobile , Alabama , reportedly on its way to the Tren Interoceánico . Later, an F59PH, now numbered FIT 3005 would, alongside an SD70M numbered FIT 4671, be used on

494-545: The Tren Interoceánico . According to Railexco's official Facebook account, these cars were once owned by Amtrak , and later, by the Connecticut Department of Transportation . In addition to these, on August 26, 2023, the two Stadler Citylink sets from the former Puebla-Cholula Tourist Train were brought to Coatzacoalcos railway station for use on the Ferrocarril Transístmico. Other engines on

532-488: The 16th century, this region was used as an interoceanic passage. The exploration of this region between the 'North Sea' and the 'South Sea' was, since the conquest of Mesoamerica, a fixed idea of the Spanish monarchy and its representatives. Carlos V made this project one of the priority missions of the explorers whose objective was to put the kingdom of New Spain in communication with that of Peru. Hernán Cortés, in 1520, used this route to transport equipment and supplies across

570-456: The Ferrocarril Transístmico ("Trans-Isthmic Railroad")), is 308 km (191 mi) long, running from the port of Coatzacoalcos on the Gulf of Mexico to Salina Cruz in Oaxaca on the Pacific coast, with a branch of 29 km (18 mi) between Juile and San Juan Evangelista . The minimum depth at low water in both ports is 10 m (33 ft). An extensive system of quays and railway tracks at both terminals affords ample facilities for

608-514: The Isthmus itself. During the last third of the 16th century, Spanish expeditions arrived at the port of Veracruz, in the Gulf of Mexico, and from there they moved by boat to the mouth of the Coatzacoalcos River. The material necessary to build ships (supplies and tools or provisions) in the shipyards located along the Pacific coast, together with the artillery, were loaded into shallow canoes to navigate upstream, and subsequently transported, on

646-480: The Mexican government resolved to undertake the railroad construction on its own account, and entered into contracts with a prominent Mexican contractor for the work. In 1888 this contract was rescinded, after 108 km (67 mi) of road had been completed. The next contract was fruitless because of the death of the contractor, and the third failed to complete the work within the sum specified ( £2,700,000 ). This

684-717: The State of Oaxaca was considering construction of a storage dam in the Río El Corte Basin in the Chimalapa sub-region, with the potential to irrigate 100,000 hectares of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and to supply water to the Salina Cruz Refinery. 16°56′20.10″N 94°46′18.63″W  /  16.9389167°N 94.7718417°W  / 16.9389167; -94.7718417 Isthmus of Tehuantepec The Isthmus of Tehuantepec ( Spanish pronunciation: [tewanteˈpek] )

722-460: The backs of the indigenous people, from the sources of the Coatzacoalcos River to the Pacific coast, in the Gulf of Tehuantepec.1 Many of these expeditions later moved along the coast to the port of Acapulco, from where they sailed along the western coast of North America, and then set off westwards, seeking a passage to the Philippines and southern China. The advantages of this itinerary would lead to

760-483: The canal is farther from trade routes. The 1854 Gadsden Purchase treaty included a provision allowing the U.S. to transport mail and trade goods across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec via a plank road and railroad . The 1859 McLane–Ocampo Treaty , which Benito Juárez signed but was never ratified by the United States Congress, would have given the U.S. extensive transit rights along the same route. While

798-467: The coaches were numbered LNER 41091, 41100, 42026, 42179, 42401, 42402, 42405, 44034, 44061, 44063, 44094. In addition to these InterCity 125 trainsets, several other types of rolling stock will be used. The Ferrocarril Transístmico purchased three EMD SD70M locomotives from the Union Pacific Railroad , former UP 4378, 4671, and 4674. and 12 passenger cars (including 3 Amfleet cars and

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836-855: The current one. Meanwhile, the passenger train will be able to reach speeds of up to 100 km/h (62 mph). On 7 June 2020, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador began the renovation of railroad tracks and rehabilitation as passenger transport, the work will have an investment of more than 3 billion pesos to start, but that in total it is planned to allocate about 20 billion pesos in this project. On 17 September 2023, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador inaugurated Line Z for freight transport. On 22 December 2023, passenger service began on Line Z . Later, on 13 September 2024, passenger service on Line FA opened. As of December 2023, Line Z served seven stations in 303 kilometres (188 mi) of single track , traveling between Coatzacoalcos and Salina Cruz for 7 hours. The old stations that were on

874-531: The drainage works of the valley of Mexico and the new port works of Veracruz , to rebuild the line and construct terminal ports at Coatzacoalcos on the Gulf coast , and at Salina Cruz on the Pacific side. The work was done for account of the Mexican government. Work began on 10 December 1899, and was finished to a point where its formal opening for traffic was possible in January 1907. The Tehuantepec railway (now

912-585: The expeditious handling of heavy cargoes . The general offices and repair shops of the original Tehuantepec Railway were located at Rincón Antonio , at the entrance to the Chivela Pass . At Santa Lucrecia , 175 km (109 mi) from Salina Cruz, connection was made with the Veracruz & Pacific Railway, 343 km (213 mi) to Córdoba, Veracruz , and 500 km (310 mi) to Mexico City . Those connecting lines are now owned and operated by Ferrosur ,

950-722: The forest. From 1731 to 1747, the forests around Santa María Chimalapa were an important source of giant pines, used for masts and beams by the Spanish Navy . The trees were floated down El Corte (which owes its name to the cutting of these trees) to Coatzacoalcos , and from there were taken to the shipyards of Havana . The Zoque Forest today is under pressure from forestry and forest fires, human population growth, agrarian conflict, cattle production, subsistence hunting and illegal trafficking of threatened species, development and infrastructure projects and narco-trafficking. The World Wide Fund for Nature , with financial assistance from USAID

988-455: The grades in crossing the sierra. The Selva Zoque in the eastern-central region of the isthmus is an area of great ecological importance, the largest remaining area of tropical rainforest in Mexico and holding the majority of the terrestrial biodiversity in Mexico. The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca mountains flatten to form Chivela Pass before the Sierra Madre de Chiapas mountains resume to

1026-498: The head of Laguna Superior on the Pacific coast. The Sierra Madre del Sur mountain range breaks down at this point into a broad, plateau -like ridge, whose elevation, at the highest point reached by the Ferrocarril Transistmico railway at Chivela Pass , is 224 m (735 ft). The northern side of the isthmus is swampy and densely covered with jungle , which has been a greater obstacle to railway construction than

1064-409: The idea of a canal across the isthmus failed to gain momentum due to the enormous cost of such a project, engineer James B. Eads proposed to construct a quadruple track ship-railway , and the scheme received serious attention for some time. Then came projects for an ordinary railway, and several concessions were granted by the Mexican government for this purpose from 1857 to 1882. In the latter year

1102-463: The inaugural run of Line Z on 22 December that year. FIT 3005 was originally GO Transit 520, and during the late-2010s, this unit (then numbered LTEX 18520) was one of three ex-GO Transit F59PHs leased to Metrolink in the late-2010s. After Metrolink retired the ex-GO units in 2022, 18520 became one of two FIT F59PHs, with the other being the former LTEX 18522 (ex-GOT 522). Furthermore, 5 Budd SPV-2000 cars were purchased from Railexco for use on

1140-467: The isthmus from the Gulf of Mexico to his shipyard located on the Pacific coast, near the town of Santo Domingo de Tehuantepec. The advantage lay in the ability to make a good part of the journey by river. Approximately two-thirds of the Isthmus is crossed by the Coatzacoalcos River , which is navigable for approximately 200 kilometers. Cortés saw this river as a means of fluvial communication across

1178-414: The part of Mexico lying between the 94th and 96th meridians west longitude , or the southeastern parts of Veracruz and Oaxaca, including small areas of Chiapas and Tabasco. The states of Tabasco and Chiapas are east of the isthmus , with Veracruz and Oaxaca on the west. At its narrowest point, the isthmus is 200 km (124 mi) across from gulf to gulf, or 192 km (119 mi) to

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1216-505: The proposal, as early as the 16th century, of an interoceanic canal. However, a series of difficulties caused the most feasible option, Panama, to eclipse Tehuantepec as an interoceanic passage. The Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a valley otherwise surrounded by montane habitats, has also been noted as an important biogeographical barrier among montane taxa, such as Mexican birds. Population diversification has been observed among not only avian fauna, but other organisms as well, including toads and

1254-467: The route and that were chosen to form the project, were completely remodeled, while retaining the original architectural style. In August 2023, the website Railtech.com reported a number of InterCity 125 high-speed train sets, originally built for British Rail , had been seen at the Port of Great Yarmouth being loaded on to a ship bound for Mexico. Unconfirmed reports suggested this second-hand rolling stock

1292-634: The south, so geographically the isthmus divides North America from Central America. The southern edge of the North American tectonic plate lies across the Motagua Fault in Guatemala , so geologically, the division between North America and Central America (on the Caribbean Plate ) is much farther south than the isthmus of Tehuantepec. The Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a region located in the south of Mexico,

1330-525: The township of Santa María Chimalapa and to Cuauhtémoc , the most important arable and livestock region of the state of Oaxaca. Running north through the Isthmus, the river joins the Coatzacoalcos River which trends in a roughly northeast direction to the gulf. During the Mexican colonial period , the Uxpanapa colony to the north established settlements on the river, which is easily navigable, and began to exploit

1368-695: The traders in the Oaxacan Tehuantepec area and do little menial work. Known as "Tehuanas", these women are known throughout Mexico for their colorful dresses, assertive personalities, and relatively equal relations with men, leading some to characterize them as "matriarchal." The cuisine of the region is based upon traditional foods and ingredients. Dishes may range from simple to elaborate; most dishes incorporate maize and moles . Common items include tamales made with iguana , chicken, beef or armadillo ; guetabingui (fried balls of rice and shrimp); garnachas topped with dried queso Oaxaca ; and pozol ,

1406-617: Was bound for the Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec. On September 4, 2023, the news website Diario del Istmo posted a story containing a powerpoint slide from the Sistema Portuario Nacional, confirming that a group of 3 Class 43 locomotives and 11 Mark 3 coaches had been exported to Mexico for use on Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec. In Great Britain, the Class 43 locomotives were numbered GWR 43022, 43158, and 43170; while

1444-467: Was in 1893, and 60 km (37 mi) remained to be built. A fourth contract resulted in the completion of the 130-mile line from coast to coast in 1894. But, it was found that the terminal ports were deficient in facilities and the railroad was too light for heavy traffic. The government then entered into a contract with the London firm of contractors of S. Pearson & Son, Ltd. , who had constructed

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