Executive:
22-460: Federal Parliament : Judiciary: The Seven Party Alliance was a coalition of seven Nepali political parties seeking to end autocratic rule in the country. They spearheaded the Loktantra Andolan . The alliance was made up of the following parties: These seven parties made up 194 of the 205 seats allocated in the 1999 Nepalese legislative elections , the only significant exception being
44-476: A 33% reservation for women in all public offices including the federal parliament. On 16 March 2018, Dr. Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe was elected as the deputy speaker of the house. Women's representation in the parliament has increased since the Constituent Assembly , which eventually guaranteed provisions for women's representation on the constitution. Both houses of the federal parliament currently meet at
66-399: A new constitution due to differences over restructuring the state. The second Nepalese Constituent Assembly was converted into a legislative parliament of Nepal after the promulgation of the constitution on 20 September 2015. The second Nepalese Constituent Assembly was formed after the failure of the first Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution. The Legislature Parliament of Nepal
88-403: A president whose term has expired can remain in office on an interim basis until their successor is elected and sworn in. The circumstances under which the president ceases to hold office as per Part 6, Article 64 of the constitution is as follows: The president's powers are almost entirely ceremonial. In some parliamentary republics , the president is vested with executive powers on paper, but
110-510: Is bound by convention to act on the advice of the prime minister and the government. In Nepal, however, the president is not even the nominal chief executive, as Section 75 of the Constitution explicitly vests executive power in the Council of Ministers Part 6, Article 61, Section 4 of the constitution states that the president is the guardian of the constitution; and compliance and protection of
132-555: Is the bicameral federal and supreme legislature of Nepal established in 2018. It consists of the National Assembly and the House of Representatives as parallel houses. The former Parliament of Nepal was dissolved by King Gyanendra in 2002, on the grounds that it was incapable of handling the Maoist rebels. The country's five main political parties had staged protests against
154-614: The International Convention Centre in New Baneshwor, Kathmandu. A new parliament building is being constructed in the premises of the Singha Durbar complex, which houses most government offices. President of Nepal Executive: Federal Parliament : Judiciary: The president of Nepal ( Nepali : नेपालको राष्ट्रपति , romanized: Nēpālakō Rāṣṭrapati ) is the head of state of Nepal and
176-652: The Nepalese Armed Forces . The office was created in May 2008 after the country was declared as a republic. The first President of Nepal was Ram Baran Yadav . The current president is Ram Chandra Poudel . He is the third president of the country. The House of Representatives ( प्रतिनिधि सभा , Pratinidhi Sabha ) has 275 members. 165 members are elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting and 110 elected through proportional electoral system where voters vote for political parties, considering
198-464: The commander-in-chief of the Nepalese Armed Forces . The president is indirectly elected by an electoral college comprising the Federal Parliament of Nepal and the provincial assemblies of each of Nepal's seven provinces , who themselves are all directly elected. The office was created in May 2008 after the country was declared a republic. The current president is Ram Chandra Poudel who
220-570: The unification of the country and the establishment of the Kingdom of Nepal in 1768 to the present day. The King of Nepal was the country's head of state from the unification and the establishment of the kingdom in 1768 to 2008. Since 2008, the head of state has been the president of Nepal after the abolition of monarchy and the establishment of a republic. Under the interim constitution adopted in January 2007, all powers of governance were removed from
242-554: The Monarchist Rashtriya Prajatantra Party . The RPP split into three factions, with one faction openly supporting the royal take-over and the two others maintaining criticism towards it. The name "Seven Party Alliance" has always been a misnomer, since one of its members (ULF) is an alliance in itself, consisting of three parties. Moreover, the two largest members, Congress and the CPN(UML) are each much larger than
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#1733106180138264-599: The President on recommendation of the government. They must include at least three women, one Dalit , and one member from disabled groups. Members serve staggered six year terms such that the term of one-third members expires every two years. There are 16 thematic committees in the federal parliament: ten in the House of Representatives, four in the National Assembly and two joint committees. The constitution of Nepal guarantees
286-436: The constitution shall be the main duties of the president. The basic functions, duties and powers of the president are outlined by Part 6, Article 66 of the constitution: The president uses the state carrier, Nepal Airlines ' Airbus A330-200 for international travel, whereas a Nepal Army's VIP AgustaWestland AW139 helicopter for travel within the country. The following is a list of the heads of state of Nepal , from
308-585: The head of state. On 28 May 2008, the Assembly voted to abolish the monarchy . Ram Baran Yadav was elected by a historic vote in the Constituent Assembly, and was sworn in as the nation's first president, ending a 247-year-old monarchy. Part 6, Article 64 of the Constitution of Nepal 2015 says that a person shall be eligible to be president by meeting the following qualifications: The election process of
330-446: The king, and the Constituent Assembly elected in 2008 was to decide in its first meeting whether to continue the monarchy or to declare a republic. During the suspension of the monarchy, Girija Prasad Koirala , then Prime Minister of Nepal , acted as the Head of State. On 28 May 2008, the Assembly voted to abolish the monarchy. Ram Baran Yadav was elected by the Constituent Assembly, and
352-454: The king, arguing that he must either call fresh elections or reinstate the elected legislature. In 2004, the king announced that parliamentary elections would be held within twelve months; in April 2006, in response to major pro-democratic protests , it was announced that Parliament would be reestablished. After the success of the April 2006 people's movement, on 15 January 2007, the old parliament
374-461: The president of Nepal as per Part 6, Article 62 of the constitution is as follows: Part 6, Article 70 states that the election of president and vice president should be conducted in a manner so as to represent different gender and/or communities. This allows for representation of female and minority communities at the nation's two highest offices. The presidential term is five years. A president cannot be elected more than twice in succession. However,
396-428: The rest of the members put together. They pressured the monarch and the king had to accept their demands for an elected parliament. Federal parliament of Nepal Confidence & Supply (3) Opposition (28) Confidence & Supply (29) Opposition (68) Executive: Federal Parliament : Judiciary: The Federal Parliament of Nepal ( संघीय संसद नेपाल , Saṅghīya Sansada Nēpāla )
418-410: The whole country as a single election constituency. The members of the house hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers . The National Assembly ( राष्ट्रिय सभा , Rastriya Sabha ) has 59 members. Eight members are elected from each of the seven provinces by an electoral college of each province, and three are appointed by
440-445: Was dissolved and replaced by a 330-member interim legislature of Nepal . The legislature drafted an interim constitution and a constituent assembly election was held in April 2008 . The 601-member assembly on 28 May 2008 abolished the 238-year-old monarchy and declared the country a republic. The constituent assembly, which was initially given two years to draft a new constitution, was dissolved on 27 May 2012 after its failure to draft
462-568: Was dissolved on 21 January 2018 (7 Magh 2074 BS ). According to the Constitution of Nepal 2015 , Nepal has a two-chamber parliament ( संसद ), consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, with the President of Nepal acting as their head. The President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( नेपालको राष्ट्रपति , Nēpālakō rāṣṭrapati ) is the head of state of Nepal and commander in chief of
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#1733106180138484-502: Was sworn in on 13 March 2023. Under the interim constitution adopted in January 2007, all powers of governance were removed from the king of Nepal , and the Nepalese Constituent Assembly elected in the 2008 Constituent Assembly election was to decide in its first meeting whether to continue the monarchy or to declare a republic. During the suspension of the monarchy, Prachanda , then prime minister of Nepal , acted as
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