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31-467: At the Edible Schoolyard, students participate in planting, harvesting, and preparing fresh food as part of their curriculum. These activities are designed to reinforce classroom instruction in subjects such as mathematics, science, culture, and history. They are also designed to try and help students make connections among food, health, and the environment. The Edible Schoolyard was founded in 1995 in

62-628: A Huntington Beach area caused the 1933 earthquake. Other studies done by the USGS have also indicated that oil drilling may have been responsible for earthquakes in the surrounding areas in the 1920s. This study was done by two scientists that studied early state oil drilling records. They found that the epicenters of these earthquakes were located near areas where significant changes occurred in oil production areas. Man-made earthquakes are still an issue, especially in Oklahoma and Texas. Recent studies have shown that

93-459: A Joint Technical Committee on Earthquake Protection to propose ways to minimize loss of life and property in future earthquakes. The committee was chaired by CalTech physicist Robert Millikan , and included architects John C. Austin and Sumner Hunt . In June 1933 they released their report, which advocated for stronger building codes. The Bureau of Public Roads also took action to rebuild roads, highways, and bridges. The economy of Long Beach

124-444: A few hours earlier while school was in session. Many schools were permanently closed for a long time due to the building being unsafe for inhabitation or not meeting earthquake safety regulations at the time. Since these schools were deemed unsafe, students would report to classes held in tents. Large sums of money were needed to upgrade these damaged school buildings. Only 30 days after the earthquake, Governor James Rolph Jr . signed

155-399: A magnitude estimated at 6.4 M w , and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII ( Severe ). Damage to buildings was widespread throughout Southern California . It resulted in 115 to 120 fatalities and an estimated $ 40 million worth of property damage, equivalent to $ 941 million in 2023. The majority of the fatalities resulted from people running out of buildings exposing themselves to

186-416: A seismic hazard after the 1933 Long Beach earthquake , it was put to non-school purposes beginning in 1940 and was razed in 1946, the site becoming tennis courts for the high school. In January 1940, administrative offices were moved to 1414 Walnut Street, the original Garfield Jr. High, later University Elementary and the temporary site, after the 1923 fire , of Hillside Elementary . In 1943, Ruth Acty

217-497: A vacant lot at the Martin Luther King Jr. Middle School. Waters combined her perspectives as a trained Montessori teacher, political activist, chef, and advocate of sustainable agriculture. Waters met with then principal Neil Smith to discuss the possibility of transforming the space into a garden project that would involve students, teachers, and the community. Planning began in 1995, with cooking classes first offered during

248-419: Is considered medium, but a significant amount of damage occurred due to unfavorable geological conditions (landfill, water-soaked alluvium ) combined with poorly constructed buildings. In Long Beach, buildings collapsed, water tanks fell through roofs, and houses were tossed off their foundations . School buildings were among the structures that incurred the most severe damage. Within seconds, 120 schools within

279-531: Is the public school district for the city of Berkeley , California , United States. The district is managed by the Superintendent of Schools, and governed by the Berkeley Board of Education, whose members are elected by voters. Its administrative offices are located in the old West Campus main building at 2020 Bonar Street, on the corner of Bonar and University Avenue . The Berkeley Unified School District

310-478: The Field Act to govern the planning, design and construction of public school buildings. The Field Act mandated that building designs be based on high-level building standards adopted by the state and enforced by independent plan review and inspection. The plans and specifications must be prepared by competent designers qualified through state registration. A group of local scientists, architects, and builders formed

341-619: The La Grande Station , the main Los Angeles terminal of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad , was heavily damaged. The earthquake highlighted the need for earthquake-resistant design for structures in California. More than 230 school buildings either were destroyed, suffered major damage, or were judged unsafe to occupy. Casualties would have been much higher had the earthquake occurred

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372-672: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation , providing loans for reconstructing buildings that were affected during the natural disaster. The damage to the La Grande Station indirectly led to the construction of Los Angeles Union Station , which was built on top of what was at that time the Chinatown, Los Angeles . A 2016 press release by the United States Geological Survey indicates that research shows

403-430: The 1933 Long Beach earthquake may have been man-made, caused by oil and gas extraction underneath the city . Further studies indicate that several, if not most earthquakes during the peak years of Los Angeles's oil boom were likely caused by tectonic stress induced by methods used at the time which did not replace the millions of barrels of removed oil with other liquids. A study done by the USGS suggests that drilling in

434-834: The 1995–96 school year. Initially students used organic produce from a local farm until the Edible Schoolyard Garden was producing harvests in 1997. In 2004, the Edible Schoolyard Project co-developed the School Lunch Initiative in partnership with Berkeley Unified School District , the Center for Ecoliteracy , and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Center. The aim was to develop a model for school lunch programs to provide healthy, freshly prepared meals within their budget and also to connect to kitchen garden learning programs on campus. The initiative emphasized

465-535: The African American population of Berkeley, as in the entire region, increased substantially. However, the practice of racial covenants in property title deeds, together with informal discrimination ("de facto"), had resulted in the black population being concentrated in certain sections of the city, primarily in the southwestern portions . Consequently, public schools serving those areas had a disproportionately high number of blacks while virtually no blacks attended

496-400: The Edible Schoolyard has a network of more than 5,800 kitchen/garden programs across the country. It provides an annual summer academy for food educators and nutrition services personnel, and continues to create a curriculum around kitchen/garden learning for grades 6 and up. As of May 2023, the network has grown to over 6,200 locations worldwide. Caitlin Flanagan  ( 2010 ) criticized

527-448: The Fall of 1968, the elementary schools were integrated, utilizing the district's own expanded bus fleet. Berkeley's integration plan, substantially modified, remains in place today. The Berkeley school district has evolved from a race-based to a geography-based integration plan. The school district is governed by the Berkeley Board of Education. It consists of five voting members (elected by

558-463: The Long Beach area were damaged, 70 of which were destroyed. It was recognized that unreinforced masonry bearing walls were the reason that school buildings suffered so much damage. On March 20, 2008, a Los Angeles Times article stated that "the 1933 quake changed the landscape, leading to improved school construction standards and a heightened awareness of earthquake risks." Among other buildings,

589-465: The city's voters to four-year terms) and two non-voting student directors (elected by the district's high school students). 1933 Long Beach earthquake The 1933 Long Beach earthquake took place on March 10 at 5:54 P.M. PST south of downtown Los Angeles . The epicenter was offshore, southeast of Long Beach , California , on the Newport–Inglewood Fault . The earthquake had

620-437: The concept of edible schoolyards as detrimental to the educational needs of children. Flanagan's criticism generated a wider discussion of the Edible Schoolyard and other school garden programs. Others argue that "career skills grow along with plants" and that the presence of a school garden serves to add to and enrich a school's curriculum. W. Steven Barnett , a professor of education, notes that while "little research exists on

651-488: The connection between food education and improved school-food and student knowledge relating to food choices. Chef Ann Cooper was hired to direct the food service program for the Berkeley Unified School District and lead the transition to scratch-based cooking. As a result, processed foods were largely eliminated from the school lunch menu, and local produce became central to all school meals. As of 2019,

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682-659: The efficacy of a garden-based curriculum", Flanagan presents a false choice , noting that the gardens are "integrated into the child's learning experience". The head of Samuel J. Green School in New Orleans, which also has an Edible Schoolyard, noted an improvement in eating a "healthful diet and doing well in school" among students at the school since the Edible Schoolyard was established. 37°52′57″N 122°16′34″W  /  37.88250°N 122.27611°W  / 37.88250; -122.27611 Berkeley Unified School District The Berkeley Unified School District ( BUSD )

713-451: The falling debris. Major damage occurred in the densely populated city of Long Beach on the south-facing coast of Los Angeles County . However, the damage was also found in the industrial area south of downtown Los Angeles . An estimated 75,000 mi area was impacted, being felt as far as San Joaquin Valley , Owens Valley , and Northern Baja California . The magnitude of the earthquake

744-409: The injection of wastewater into the ground increases the occurrence of earthquakes. Within the Los Angeles depositional basin, northwest-trending groups of faulted anticlines were viewed to be caused by oil and gas extraction underneath the city. The extraction of oil and gas produces salty water, adding stress to faults, causing earthquakes. Often wastewater and natural gas production will increase

775-528: The magnitude of the earthquake making them even more dangerous. The Newport–Inglewood Fault , the source of the 1933 earthquake, is a right-lateral strike-slip fault trending northwest–southeast, and parallel to other major right-lateral faults in California. The fault spans about 46 miles onshore from Culver City to Newport Beach, where it enters the Pacific Ocean. This fault is expected to produce an earthquake of magnitude 7.4. The 1933 Long Beach earthquake

806-409: The schools in other mostly white sections of the city. The only exception to this was Berkeley High School as it was, and remains, the only high school for the entire district. Heightened local interest in the concerns and efforts of the civil rights movement, shared by many in the community, eventually led to the district adopting a school integration plan starting in the mid-1960s. The plan included

837-455: The use of bussing to effect an integration of all the public schools in Berkeley. The first schools to be integrated under this plan were the junior high schools, Garfield and Willard, starting in the Fall of 1966. A third junior high school, Burbank, was closed, demolished and rebuilt (by 1968) as the high school's "West Campus", serving all the district's 9th-grade students. Two years later, in

868-457: Was able to return to normal swiftly because of the rise of the aircraft industry. To support the World War II efforts, Long Beach created naval yards and increased the number of aircraft produced. This directly helped Long Beach repair and stabilize the economy after the disaster. This earthquake prompted the federal government to play an active role in disaster relief. The government created

899-491: Was formed in 1936 by the merger of the city's elementary and high school districts. District administrative offices were originally (in the late 19th century) at or near the Kellogg School (above Shattuck Avenue between Center Street and Allston Way). In 1927, a two-story administration building was completed at 2325 Milvia Street (at the corner of Durant Avenue, across from the grounds of Berkeley High School). Designated

930-579: Was hired to teach kindergarten at Longfellow school and became the district's first African American teacher. In 1979, the district offices moved to the Old City Hall at 2134 Martin Luther King Way, and in 2012 to 2020 Bonar Street (originally Luther Burbank Junior High School, then Berkeley High School West Campus, and finally the Berkeley Adult School). During and following World War II ,

961-400: Was only a magnitude of about 6.4, approximately ten times less vibration amplitude and 32 times less energy release than that of a magnitude 7.4 earthquake. The earthquake plays a significant part in the novel The Last Tycoon (1941) by F. Scott Fitzgerald . During the disruption caused by the quake, the hero, Monroe Stahr, meets Kathleen Moore, with whom he falls in love. The earthquake

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