Misplaced Pages

#296703

93-812: The East Siberian Railway ( Восточно-Сибирская железная дорога ) is a railway in Russia (a branch of the Russian Railways and a part of the Trans-Siberian Railway ), which runs across Irkutsk Oblast , Chita Oblast , Buryatia , and Yakutia . The railway administration is located in Irkutsk . The East Siberian Railway borders with the Krasnoyarsk Railway (railway station of Yurty ), Trans-Baikal Railway (railway station of Petrovsky Zavod ), and Baikal Amur Mainline (railway station of Lena-Vostochnaya ). To

186-732: A line towards Tomsk ), the Transbaikal Railway (from Innokentyevskaya railway station to Sretensk with a line towards Manchuria railway station), the Ussuri Railway (from Vladivostok to Khabarovsk ), and the Amur Railway (from Kuyenga railway station to Khabarovsk). In 1915, the East Siberian Railway was divided into five railways, the Omsk Railway , Tomsk Railway , Transbaikal Railway, Amur Railway, and Ussuri Railway. In 1934,

279-588: A meeting of the Russian Academy of Science, Vladimir Yakunin presented an ambitious new transport route called the Trans-Eurasian Belt Development (TEPR) which would go "through Russia with a mega road and high-speed rail network to link Asia with Europe' and with the opportunity to go to Chukotka and Bering Strait and then to the American continent" to Alaska, "making overland trips from Britain to

372-465: A month before the end of the construction a collapse occurred in Tunnel 9 of about 1000 m , damaging the masonry of the tunnel. The results of further studies of the rocks along the way showed that they were not as robust as the initial surveys had expected. Moreover, the work associated with the construction of the railway (particularly the work using explosives) had led to the formation of numerous cracks in

465-487: A negative influence on Circum–Baikal traffic safety. The greatest activity in this respect has occurred on the river Slyudyanka, which runs into Baikal near station 1. On July 29, 1934, a mudflow on this river had catastrophic consequences, carrying off in its wake several apartment houses and covering the station with a thick layer of silt and sand. In 1960 a mudflow on the Slyudyanka again washed away train tracks and destroyed

558-590: A program to introduce new high-speed trains. The first train, Sapsan , commenced service in December 2009 and connects Saint Petersburg , Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod and is operated with trains manufactured by the German company Siemens. The second train, Allegro , has run from Saint Petersburg to Helsinki via Vyborg since December 2010 and is owned and operated together with the Finnish VR Group . Sapsan

651-749: A railway line became particularly evident after the completion of the Ural Railway from Yekaterinburg to Tyumen in 1884. In 1887, three expeditions were organised to explore the route for the future Trans-Siberian Railway. In May 1893, the Committee for the Construction of the Siberian Railway was created. The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway was launched simultaneously from its two extremities, namely Vladivostok and Chelyabinsk . By 1895,

744-566: A remote dispatching system. This section of the railway provided a new access to the Kuzbass , Kazakhstan , and Central Asia from the regions of the Russian Far East and Siberia. The early 1970s saw the completion of construction of the northbound line from the Khrebtovaya railway station to Ust-Ilimsk Hydroelectric Powerplant (214 km or 133 mi). As far as transit cargo is concerned,

837-653: A separate company. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian Federation inherited 17 of the 32 regions of the former Soviet Railways (SZD). In the mid-1990s, the profitability of railway transportation of the Russian Ministry of Railways fell to negative values, the bureaucratization of the ministry itself was publicly criticized, which became an occasion for reforms. Shortly after being elected president of Russia in 2000, Vladimir Putin approved

930-460: A series of dams. Powerful downpours in 1971 caused the most severe floods, which led to the destruction of several bridges and tunnel entrances, as well as the foundations of a track on the Circum-Baikal (the interruption of traffic lasted almost a week). Another unusual natural phenomenon occurs on the south side of Baikal: the deposition of ice sometimes causes a several-metre heap of ice blocks on

1023-445: A subsidiary of Russian Railways, sold 75% of its shares minus two shares for 125.5 billion rubles (about 4 billion $ ) to Independent Transport Company owned by Vladimir Lisin . Thus, Lisin as Russia's largest operator of rolling stock acquired control of a quarter of the freight market. As part of its reform efforts, RZD massively reduced its workforce, from 2.2 million in the 1990s to 934,000 people in 2012. In 2012, it became one of

SECTION 10

#1732856082297

1116-560: A total length of 9063 m (the longest of them, a tunnel through cape Polovinnyj, is 777.5 m long). There are also 15 stone galleries with a total length of 295 m and 3 ferro-concrete galleries with apertures, 248 bridges and viaducts, and 268 retaining walls. The Circum–Baikal has no equal in Russia as to the richness of engineering constructions. The tunnels and stone galleries of the Circum–Baikal are unique in that they were constructed atypically and have not been reconstructed since, conserving

1209-679: Is 278 million tonnes. The East Siberian Railway consists of four divisions: the Irkutsk Railway Division , Severobaikalsk Railway Division , Taishet Railway Division , and Ulan-Ude Railway Division . The railway connects the regions of East Siberia , Transbaikal , and Russian Far East with the rest of the railroad network nationwide. The East Siberian Railway services major industrial areas of iron ore and coal mining, oil refining, logging, and wood processing , companies and factories in energy, chemical, machine building and machine-tool industries, nonferrous metallurgy, etc. In addition,

1302-465: Is Oleg Belozerov. Before him, the position was occupied by Kirill Androsov from September 2011 till June 2015, and previously by Alexander Zhukov – from 20 July 2004 to September 2011 and Viktor Khristenko – from 16 October 2003 – 20 July 2004. Gennady Fadeev was President of JSC Russian Railways from 23 September 2003 – 14 June 2005. He was succeeded by Vladimir Yakunin – from 14 June 2005 to 20 August 2015. Oleg Belozyorov has been president of

1395-583: Is a historical railway in the Irkutsk region of Russia . It runs along the Northern shore of the Southern extremity of Lake Baikal from the town of Slyudyanka to the Baikal settlement . Until the middle of the 20th century the Circum–Baikal railway was part of the main line of Trans–Siberian Railway ; later on, however, a duplicate section of the railway was built. Sometimes called a unique achievement in engineering,

1488-673: Is also known as the "golden buckle of the steel belt" (the Trans-Siberian Railway being the "steel belt") because the construction of the greatest Russian railway was finished on the shores of Lake Baikal . In December 2003 the Severomuysky Tunnel on the Baikal–Amur mainline (a section of the East Siberian Railway) was commissioned, the longest tunnel in Russia and the fifth-longest in the world (15,343 m or 9.534 mi). The station building at Slyudyanka railway station of

1581-480: Is also part of the program. Between 2021 and 2025 RZD plans to build Rostov–Krasnodar–Adler, Tula–Voronezh high-speed rail and the extension of Kazan-Yelabuga high-speed rail, as well as other regional high-speed rail links. During the 2026–2030 third phase of the program, Russian Railways will build Moscow–Saint Petersburg high-speed rail section; the railway line will be extended from Yelabuga to Yekaterinburg, and from Voronezh to Rostov-on-Don. In March 2015, at

1674-627: Is considered the first step to triggering a credit default swap . In December 2023 the joint venture with the VR Group , Finnish Railways, to run the Karelian Trains ceased, the trains having stopped running in March 2022 following the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Russian Railways having failed to meet their portion of the financing obligations, VR Group assumed the whole financial obligations and took over

1767-675: Is determined by the Federal Tariff Service at net cost or higher. Limited railway capacity is the main factor limiting Russian coal exports to Asia. Demand for Russian coal in Europe has declined due to the energy transition and Russia's invasion of Ukraine and this reinforces the need for Russia to reorient coal exports to Asia. Russian Railways has a near-monopoly on long-distance train travel, with its subsidiary, Federal Passenger Company, accounting for 90% of total passenger turnover in 2017. Passenger transportation accounted for 10.6% of

1860-449: Is divided into two components: «ticket» (which includes the cost of transport infrastructure, locomotive traction and the Station component) and «reserved seat» (service of transport company, which is the owner of the car). Since 2003, the flexible schedule tariffs (FST) to travel on long-distance trains is used: FST is calculated in such a way as to stimulate passengers to undertake a trip on

1953-679: Is the Circum-Baikal Railway – a monument to industrial architecture of federal importance. It stretches for over 85 km (53 mi) from the Baikal railway station to the Kultuka railway station. The uniqueness of this wonder of engineering is that no other railway in the world has as many man-made objects, namely 40 tunnels, 16 avalanche galleries , 470 overpasses, bridges, and pipe culverts, some 280 protecting walls, let alone various buildings at different railway stations. The Circum-Baikal Railway

SECTION 20

#1732856082297

2046-531: Is the founder and sole shareholder of JSC Russian Railways. On behalf of its shareholders the powers are exercised by the Government of the Russian Federation . It approves the president of the company, forms the board of directors annually and approves the annual reports. An IPO for the company was considered in 2012, but it was pushed back to after 2020. The Chairman of the Board of Directors of JSC Russian Railways

2139-583: The Gusinoozyorsk coal deposits. During the Great Patriotic War , the authorities of the East Siberian Railway provided volunteer units to be dispatched to the front (20 railmen would be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union ), found resources for repairing military equipment, prepared rolling stock, and gradually increased the amount of freight from Siberia to the European part of the country. In

2232-448: The broad gauge used in the rest of Russia, which it formally completed in August 2019. The share of privately owned wagons in the freight transport increased to one-third of the total by 2005. On 18 May 2006, the company signed an agreement with Siemens for the delivery of eight high-speed trains. On 23 May 2007, Russian Railways adopted a new corporate style which changed fundamentally

2325-455: The "Silver Key" at 80 km. Along with actual railway sights, tourists on the Circum–Baikal route are attracted by the numerous nature reserves, including the rocky formations such as "Белая выемка". In the settlements along the Circum–Baikal, especially in Maritui, a number of early twentieth-century items in the modernist style are preserved. The following establishments are also located on

2418-403: The 1980s and 1990s, measures were begun to reconstruct and strengthen the railway. Currently, normally one train a day (a diesel locomotive and two cars) runs on the railway. The duration of the trip from Slyudyanka to the Baikal station is four hours and forty minutes. The inhabitants of the trackside settlements call the train a передача, or "transfer", reflecting the value of this transport for

2511-537: The Angara basin (e.g. the Korshunovskoye iron ore deposit) and abundant logging regions and ensuring an uninterrupted supply of cargo to the northern areas of Irkutsk Oblast and Yakutia. At the end of 1965, a 647 km (402 mi) long Abakan-Taishet section of the East Siberian Railway was commissioned, an electrified high-class railroad with modern means of communication, electric interlocking of railroad switches , and

2604-526: The Circum–Baikal is one of the picturesque sights of the area around Lake Baikal . When the Siberian railway, later called the "Trans–Siberian Railway" was being designed, it was divided into seven sections. Circum–Baikal railway was one of these, being the section from Irkutsk to Mysovaya wharf (now the town of Babushkin on the South-Eastern shore of Lake Baikal. The first survey of a possible route for

2697-445: The Committee for the Construction of the Siberian Railway chose the first and third options from these four initial proposals. From 1899 to 1900 final survey work was done, and the engineers preferred to lay the line along the lake shore (i.e., the third option). Despite the difficult terrain along the shoreline, which consisted of a rocky ridge with abrupt slopes, towering 270 to 400 m above the shore, calculations showed this option to be

2790-573: The Decree No. 585 established RZD as a joint stock company, making it a holding in charge of 63 subsidiaries, including TransContainer , RailTranAuto, Rail Passenger Directorate, Russian Troika, TransGroup, and Refservis. RZD acquired 987 companies (95% in asset value) out of the 2046 that had formed the MR system. Gennady Fadeyev, the Railways Minister, became the company's first president. The reform saw

2883-408: The East Siberian Railway became an independent administrative and economic unit extending from Mariinsk railway station to Mysovaya railway station. In 1936, the Krasnoyarsk Railway was excluded from the East Siberian Railway. In the 1920s–1930s, technical reconstruction of the railway was carried out and its locomotive and rolling stock were upgraded. Several new lines were also built over

East Siberian Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue

2976-446: The East Siberian Railway is the only railway station in the world made completely of marble. Russian Railways Russian Railways (Russian: ОАО «Российские железные дороги» (ОАО «РЖД») , romanized:  OAO Rossiyskie zheleznye dorogi (OAO RZhD) ) is a Russian fully state-owned vertically integrated railway company , both managing infrastructure and operating freight and passenger train services. The company

3069-497: The East Siberian Railway was under construction until 1905, opening non-stop train traffic along the whole railway when construction ended. At first, the East Siberian Railway was a single-track railroad . In 1907, they began the construction of the second track, which would end in 1916. Administratively, the main line was divided into four railways: the Siberian Railway (from Chelyabinsk to Innokentyevskaya railway station with

3162-671: The French logistics company Gefco SA. The total value of the transaction was 800 million euros, the seller being PSA Peugeot Citroen , the parent company of Gefco. A program to modernize the Baikal–Amur Mainline was launched in 2013, costing the equivalent of £4 billion by 2018. In 2015, RZD International won a €1.2 billion contract to electrify the Garmsar–Inche Bourun line in Iran. In August 2015, company president Vladimir Yakunin

3255-623: The Marituiskaya section was built for safety purposes. It was one of the most complicated sections of railway in the country. In 1939 on the Western Siberian Railway the Travelling Machine Station was built, which was carried out by anti-landslide workers (including even rock-climbers). The levelling and clearing of dangerous slopes has continued to the present day. Among other natural phenomena, mudflows and floods have had

3348-607: The Russian Federation. In 2003, the Federal Law on Railway Transport divided the Ministry of Railways into the Federal Railway Transport Agency (FRTA) and Russian Railways (RZD). The reform also required RZD to provide access to railway infrastructure to other carriers and operators. As the law requires carriers to provide service to customers anywhere in Russia, RZD retained its dominant position. Later in 2003,

3441-554: The US (via the Channel Tunnel) a possibility." Limited railway capacity is the main bottleneck for Russian coal exports to Asia. Demand for Russian coal in Europe has declined due to the energy transition and Russia's invasion of Ukraine and this reinforces the need for Russia to reorient coal exports to Asia. Various Russian actors have therefore proposed the rapid expansion of the country's eastward rail capacity. The Russian Federation

3534-424: The aim of finishing it by 1905. The original plan required the construction of 33 tunnels , at a cost of 5.3 million rubles, a retaining wall for 3.7 million rubles, and viaducts for 1.6 million rubles. With regard to the possible negative impact caused by the lake water, the minimum necessary height of the track route over the water of Baikal was calculated to be 2.5 sazhens (5.33 m). Technical conditions during

3627-414: The arrangement of the double-track sections fixed the capacity of the line at 14 pairs of trains per day. Owing to the lack of a flat shoreline all the materials (with the exception of stone mined at the site) were brought by water to the site of construction (by barge during the summer, by animal-drawn carts in the winter). The complex terrain of the rocky shore compelled the builders to lay the majority of

3720-557: The coast, covering the railways with ice. In 16 years alone, from 1932 to 1947, 721 collapses occurred, of which 502 were without consequences for the railway, 201 closed off a single stage and disturbed the top structure of the railway, and 18 caused train wrecks and the destruction of the embankment. According to the data of the Eastern Siberian Engineering Service, between 1930 and 1984 about 1200 collapses and mud-flows were recorded. Besides this, about 500 cases of

3813-480: The cold winter of 1903/04 when the icebreakers were not strong enough to break the ice, a railway line was laid on the ice, and railway wagons were pulled by draft animals. Meanwhile, the construction of another section of track, intended to fill the gap in the Trans–Siberian Railway, was carried out. The routing of its eastern section, from Mysovaya to Kultuk (at the lake's southwestern tip), passing along

East Siberian Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue

3906-434: The company since 20 August 2015. As of December 2013, Russian Railways has controlling interests in the following companies: On 24 February 2022, in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine , US President Joe Biden announced economic sanctions against several Russian companies, including Russian Railways. The main activities of Russian Railways involve freight and passenger traffic. In Russia, railways carry 42% of

3999-585: The company's revenue in 2017. The long-distance passenger fleet includes 19,386 rail cars as of 2017, with an average age of 19.1 years. Over 60% of long-distance passengers travel in third-class sleeping carriages. The long-distance rail passenger business is under increasing competition from airlines, due to their aggressive domestic pricing policies and generally shorter travel times for routes under 1,000 km. International rail passenger traffic dropped from 19.4 million passengers in 2013 to 6.8 million in 2017. In 2005–2010, JSC Russian Railways has launched

4092-603: The construction of the Irkutsk– Baikalsky and Mysovaya – Sretensk sections was under way. Railway stations were built along almost the whole of the railway. In 1898 the construction of the Tulun-Irkutsk section was finished. In 1900 the Transbaikal sections from Mysovaya to Sretensk and from Irkutsk to the Baikal railway station were completed. The Circum–Baikal section (between the railway stations Mysovaya and Baikal) of

4185-436: The construction of the section of railway from Chelyabinsk to the railway station of Ob near the small settlement of Novonikolaevsky (today's Novosibirsk ) was complete. On December 6, 1895 the first train arrived at Krasnoyarsk , which would become a starting point for the construction of the East Siberian Railway towards Irkutsk and through Nizhneudinsk (the first train arrived on December 9, 1897) towards Tulun . In 1897,

4278-411: The contractors were actually shell companies , used to convey billions of dollars in tenders to close associates of Yakunin, president of RZD. Zheldoripoteka, RZD's real estate arm, was revealed to have sold land plots located close to railway stations in major cities to the son of Russian Railways president Vladimir Yakunin. Far East Land Bridge, a company partnered with a Russian Railways subsidiary,

4371-483: The creation of a new market segment following the privatization of the network's rolling stock. The company divided the bulk of its wagon fleet between two new operating companies, Freight One (which was later privatised) and Freight Two (renamed Federal Freight in 2012), and private players such as GlobalTrans also entering the market. In 2003, RZD launched a project to replace the narrow gauge on Sakhalin Railway to

4464-649: The date with the lowest index. In 2010 and 2011, the average weighted index for calendar periods was 0.97 and the average volume of passenger traffic – 1.00. According to the JSC Russian Railways statement, the passenger transportation – except for some highly profitable directions – is unprofitable. These losses are partly compensated from the budget, and for the most part – with the help of cross-subsidies by income from freight. Circum-Baikal Railway The Circum–Baikal railway ( Russian : Кругобайка́льская желе́зная доро́га or Кругобайка́лка , abbreviated "КБЖД")

4557-416: The design of alternating current locomotives , overhead catenary system, means of communication, signaling , centralised traffic control and the automatic block system, all of which would later be introduced on other railways in one way or another. 97% of the traffic along the East Siberian Railway is done by means of electric traction . The East Siberian Railway consists of several sections, one of which

4650-434: The east shore of Lake Baikal. With the purpose of establishing a through railway connection, before the Circum-Baikal was finished, it was decided to link the shores of the lake with a train ferry . Trains were carried on the special ice breaker -ferry "Baikal" which had three parallel tracks on its train deck. Another, smaller icebreaker-ferry, the "Angara", was also built which carried passengers and goods, but not trains. In

4743-469: The efforts of the builders were concentrated on the section from Mysovaya to Tankhoy . Beginning in 1901, the section from Tankhoy to Slyudyanka was laid. The construction of these sections was carried out chiefly by the inmates and hard labourers of the Aleksandrovsky prison . Workers began construction on the most complex section, from Slyudyanka to the Baikal station, only in the spring of 1902, with

SECTION 50

#1732856082297

4836-542: The emergence of a competitive environment, Russian Railways has been transformed into a vertically oriented holding company. In 2009, the investment budget was 262.8 billion rubles (excluding VAT), of which 47.4 billion for projects related to the preparation and staging of the Olympic Games in Sochi; 58.7 billion for the renovation of the rolling stock (including supply of Sapsan trains). In 2010, Federal Passenger Company

4929-541: The falling of individual rocks caused damage to the railway and rolling stock. Engineers described trips on the Circum-Baikal as exciting but dangerous. At the present time, the Circum–Baikal Railway is the name of an 89-km–long branch covering the route Slyudyanka-2–Kultuk–Maritui–Baikal. Four stations are currently in operation: Kultuk, Maritui, Ulanovo, and Baikal, with one section of double track at 137 km. The Circum–Baikal contains thirty-eight tunnels with

5022-472: The first section of the Circum–Baikal, from Irkutsk to Lake Baikal, was carried out in 1894. Initially, the surveyors proposed to build a pontoon bridge and have the railway go down the right (east) bank of the Angara River (the left bank was too built up); however, later this variant was found to be inexpedient, as the level of water in the Angara was subject to fluctuations, and during spring thaws, crossing

5115-410: The flat southern coast of the lake, did not cause difficulties. The greatest complexities were encountered on the western section, meant to connect Irkutsk and Kultuk. A group of researchers under the direction of the professor Ivan Vasilʹevich Mushketov studied four options for routing this section of the railway: According to the results of the work of mountain engineering parties, on June 29, 1889,

5208-485: The high-speed rail sections linking Moscow–Kazan (1.2 trillion rubles), Moscow–Tula (268.6 billion rubles), Chelyabinsk–Yekaterinburg (122.6 billion rubles), Tula–Belgorod (86.8 billion rubles), Yekaterinburg–Nizhny Tagil (12.9 billion rubles) and Novosibirsk–Barnaul (62.3 billion rubles). The project design of the largest container port in Ust-Luga for reception and distribution of containerized freight on China–Europe route

5301-458: The idea of reforming the railway transport, according to which all economic functions on the railway should be transferred to a joint-stock company with 100% state participation. The start of the state program for reforming the Russian railway sector was given by the establishment of Russian Railways in October 2003. The new company received over 95% of the assets belonging to the Ministry of Railways of

5394-617: The initial plan of architects and engineers of the beginning of the century. Kilometers on the modern Circum–Baikal are traditionally measured from the Irkutsk exchange station, which until 1934 was the administrative border between the Tomsk railway and the Transbaikal Railway. The Baikal station is thus located 72 km from this datum point, and the Slyudyanka-2 station, at 161 km. In

5487-425: The largest components of this are ferrous metals, petroleum products, grain shipments, and products of the light , food, chemical, and machine-building industries. Imported goods usually consist of metals, construction materials, petroleum products, the products of the machine building, light and food industries, also partially of grain shipments. Exports consist of timber, oil, iron ore, aluminium, and coal. Locally,

5580-517: The length of the road, and cuttings to 71.3% (with a great deal in rocky soil). The construction of the railway track itself had to be made heavier, using stronger, heavier track and increasing the number of ties . Because of the difficult terrain the minimum radius of the turns was reduced. The onset of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 caused an acceleration in the construction of the railway. From 1901 to 1902 about 9,000 workers were employed on

5673-568: The mass graves of victims of those events. The Red Army, retreating from the Czechoslovak Legions , blew up the Kirkidaysky tunnel (No. 39, past Slyudyanka on the way to Mysovaya) on July 23, 1918. The tunnel was later restored, but there was no movement on the line for almost 20 days. In the 1930s, 40s, and 50s, the villages were actively developed, and homes, barracks for the troops, and power plants were built. In 1940, exploration work

SECTION 60

#1732856082297

5766-433: The most economical. The final decision on the line was made by the Committee for the Construction of the Siberian Railway on June 22 [ O.S. June 9] 1901. The cost of construction of the stated section of the line was 52.52 million rubles. The transportation engineer Boleslav Cavrimovich was appointed as director of construction. The construction of the Circum–Baikal railway began in late 1899. Originally

5859-508: The mountains into an electric double track. From 1947 to 1949 an electric transfer railway from Irkutsk via Bolshoy Lug to Slyudyanka was built, noticeably shortening the distance compared with the Circum–Baikal branch line. The main route of the Trans–Siberian Railway was therefore transferred to the new section. In 1950, construction on the Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station plant was begun. In connection with this,

5952-412: The number of trains on the road dropped sharply, and security was withdrawn from the tunnels and bridges. Because it was no longer needed, the second track of the Circum–Baikal line was dismantled. In the early 1980s, some even proposed the closure of the line, or that a road be constructed in its place. The villages along the road gradually deteriorated, and people began to abandon their houses. Virtually

6045-420: The only means of communication with the heartland for the residents of these places was the rarely running diesel locomotive, and later a locomotive connected Slyudyanka, Kultuk, and Baykal (Port Baikal is linked to the village of Listvyanka on the opposite shore of the Angara by an automobile ferry). The greatest challenge for the Circum–Baikal Railway was and still is frequent landslides and mud flows. Even at

6138-440: The part of the Circum–Baikal railway from Irkutsk to the town of Baikal that passed along the Angara River was disassembled and in 1956 flooded during the filling of the Irkutsk reservoir (only remnants of dams remained on the shore of the Angara near the town of Baikal). In the end, only a "dead-end" route of the Circum–Baikal (from Slyudyanka-2 to Kultuk, Marituy, and Baykal) was left. The railway lost its strategic importance,

6231-527: The post-war years, the amount of traffic carried continued its increase along with the reconstruction of transportation facilities and introduction of new technology. In 1948 the East Siberian Railway reached its pre-war loading and cargo-turnover level. In 1958 they commissioned the new Taishet -Bratsk-Lena railway, which connected the basins of the Angara and Lena Rivers with the rest of the Siberian railroad network, providing immediate access to mineral deposits in

6324-538: The railway mostly transports construction goods, coal, timber, petroleum and agricultural produce. The East Siberian Railway was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1976. During the construction of several sections of the East Siberian Railway, various scientific and technical achievements were widely used. The railway essentially became a test site for alternating current electrification. They tested and perfected

6417-429: The railway services agricultural grain-producing and cattle-breeding regions. The biggest points of cargo departure and arrival are Cheremkhovo , Korshunikha , Kitoy-Kombinatskaya , Sukhovskaya , Irkutsk-Sortirovochniy , Ulan-Ude , Lena , and Bratsk . The idea of building a railway across sparsely populated and almost unexplored areas of East Siberia was first expressed in the 1870s–1880s. The need for constructing

6510-403: The railway, while in 1903–1904 the number rose to 13,500. The main efforts were focused on the construction of the railway line itself; therefore, the development work of stations and towns in the path of the line did not take place. Works trains began to run on the railway on October 1 [ O.S. September 18] 1904 and on October 29 [ O.S. October 16] 1905 the line

6603-456: The ridges of Sayany , Alatau , taiga , and swamps towards coal and iron ore deposits, woodlands, and banks of large rivers. In 1922–1926, the Achinsk – Abakan line was constructed, which connected the southern areas of Krasnoyarsk Krai , Khakassia , and Tuva with other economic regions of the country. In 1940, train traffic began from Ulan-Ude to Naushki, significantly improving economic relations with Mongolia and providing access to

6696-406: The river would have been difficult. Therefore, the planners decided to establish the railway from Irkutsk along the left bank. The construction of the railway along the Angara from Irkutsk to Cape Baranchik ( Port Baikal ) on Lake Baikal was carried out in 1896–1900, at a total cost of 3.47 million rubles. In the meantime, East of the lake the railway from Sretensk was completed up to Mysovaya on

6789-445: The rocks below. Having recognised this danger, the authorities agreed on the construction of retaining walls, the stripping of the hillside, and other measures. In some places dangerous sections were rerouted with new tunnels. Nevertheless, in spite of the work to prevent natural hazards, landslides were a frequent and dangerous phenomenon on the Circum-Baikal, often leading to crashes and interruptions in traffic. For example: In 1936,

6882-440: The rolling stock. In March 2016, RZD approved an updated version of high-speed rail development program until 2030. The 5 trillion ruble program includes the construction of Moscow–Kazan–Yekaterinburg, Moscow–Adler and Moscow–Saint Petersburg high-speed lines, as well as other high-speed lines connecting regional cities. The construction program is divided into three stages. By 2020, Russian Railways planned to put into operation

6975-478: The route in tunnels or on artificial platforms cut out of the rock; the sides of the railway were strengthened with retaining walls. The workers, already suffering under the hot summers and harsh winters, were required to carry out the majority of the construction by manual labour. Every kilometer of the line required the expenditure of about one wagon of explosives. Earthwork was carried out in volume, approximately equal to 400 wagons. Embankments amounted to 28.7% of

7068-629: The section of the Circum–Baikal from Baikal station to Kultuk station was declared an architectural and scenic reserve (it is now part of the Baikal National Park) and put under State protection. Beginning in the early 1980s the tourist potential of the Circum–Baikal Railway began to come into its own (the stations, however, were used to a limited degree since the railroad's inception as an area for dachas and recreation). A series of tourist areas are in operation ("Taiga" at 134 km, "Sensation" at 102 km, "Coniferous" at 98 km, "Retro" and

7161-608: The shipping company CMA CGM announced to be acquiring the French logistics company Gefco SA from Russian Railways and minority shareholder Stellantis . On 11 April 2022, the Wall Street Journal and Reuters reported that the International Swaps and Derivatives Association had determined a "failure to pay" credit event occurred on 250 million CHF worth of Swiss franc loan participation notes linked to an entity related to Russian Railways, RZD Capital. The determination

7254-568: The south, the East Siberian Railway runs close to the Russo-Mongolian border (railway station of Naushki ). As of 2008, the total working length of the East Siberian Railway was 3,848.1 km (2,391.1 mi); number of employees – 46,233 (61,418 in 2005); net weight hauled – 76 million tonnes (75.934 million in 2005); long-distance passenger traffic – 3.6 million people (4.838 million in 2005); suburban traffic – 29 million people (26.225 million in 2005). Annual cargo turnover

7347-471: The supply of necessary articles such as bread, salt, matches, vodka, and tobacco. Another name given to the train is мотаня (so called because the train rushes or мотается between stations). In addition, tourist trains periodically pass along the Cicum-Baikal, including steam locomotives and retro-style cars. Tourists can also rent handcars . By a decision of the Irkutsk regional council on December 21, 1982,

7440-411: The three largest transport companies in the world. According to a Reuters inquiry, RZD procurement activities in 2012 amounted to $ 22.5 billion; part of this was awarded to private contractors with no genuine operations in de facto noncompetitive tenders. Some of the company addresses listed on the tenders turned out to be private apartments, car repair shops or department stores. It was alleged that

7533-456: The time of surveying, engineers noted a strong weathering of the rock layers and a large amount of scree . The demolition of the hillside and the steep slopes during the construction of the trackbed provoked a catastrophic intensification of geodynamic processes. Severe landslides occurred during the construction of roads, in particular at Tunnel 5 in April 1904 a collapse of about 3000 m occurred, and

7626-439: The total cargo traffic, and about 33% of passenger traffic. Some passenger categories, such as pensioners, members of parliament, and holders of Soviet and Russian state decorations, receive free or subsidized tickets. In 2013 railways carried nearly 90% of Russia's freight, excluding pipelines. In 2014, railway infrastructure and locomotive services accounted for 74% of the company's total revenue. The cost of freight tariff

7719-475: The way the Company presented itself visually to the outside world. The change of corporate identity underwent several stages during the 2007–2010 period. The final version of the logo was designed by BBDO Branding. Also, commissioned by BBDO Branding The Agency HardCase Design created a family of corporate fonts RussianRail, consisting of 15 fonts. In the new company logo Sans-serif RussianRail Grotesque Medium

7812-538: Was also linked to Yakunin's son. On 16 October 2012, Russian Railways has completed competitive negotiations with potential buyers of the remaining 25-percent plus 1 share stake in JSC Freight One . The best binding offer was received from the Independent Transport Company LLC. The assets were sold for 50 billion rubles. In early November 2012, Russian Railways announced the purchase of 75% of

7905-559: Was brought into permanent operation. The length of the railway in its final form from Baikal station to Mysovaya was 244 versts (260 km). The aggregate value of one kilometer of the Circum–Baikal railway was about 130 thousand rubles (compared to 93 thousand rubles on the other sections of the Trans–Siberian Railway). When the Circum–Baikal railway was put into operation, the Trans–Siberian railway on either side of Baikal

7998-589: Was dismissed, allegedly because of poor performance and mismanagement. Yakunin was replaced by Oleg Belozyorov . RZD International began works on the reconstruction of the Serbian Vinarci – Djordjevo line in 2016. The Moscow Central Circle railway, designed and managed by Roszheldorproject , an RZD subsidiary, opened in September 2016. In July 2018, the company announced plans to phase out third-class carriages on long-distance trains by 2025. On 8 April 2022,

8091-473: Was established as a fully owned subsidiary of Russian Railways, providing long-distance passenger services both in Russia and abroad. By the end of 2013, it operated all long-distance routes, except for high-speed Sapsan lines, which are operated by RZD. RZD issued its first dollar-denominated bond in 2010, raising $ 1.5 billion. On 28 October 2011, the Joint Stock Company Freight One ,

8184-563: Was established on 18 September 2003, when a decree was passed to separate the upkeep and operation of the railways from the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation . RZhD is based in Moscow at Novaya Basmannaya str., 2. The operating units of the central part of the staff are at Kalanchevskaya str., 35. Railways in the Russian-occupied region of Crimea are controlled by Crimea Railway ,

8277-500: Was initiated to strengthen the track and ensure the safety of traffic on the Circum–Baikal Railway. Owing to the start of the Second World War , the work was completed only by 1947. The group in charge of development came to an unexpected conclusion and, citing the enormous cost, proposed not to carry out any work on the railway alongside Lake Baikal. Instead, they proposed to transform the single track from Irkutsk to Slyudyanka across

8370-440: Was introduced as new material. As part of these works, considerable attention was paid to the construction of stations and station towns. On the section from Baikal to Slyudyanka alone ten stopping points were set up. Measures were taken to improve traffic safety and protect against landslides. During the revolutionary events of 1917 and the subsequent civil war the Circum-Baikal was the scene of intense fighting, as evidenced by

8463-430: Was linked and began to be used to transport goods and passengers. The Circum–Baikal was called the "golden buckle on the steel belt of Russia". Initially, only one track was built; from 1911 to 1914 the construction of a second track was undertaken, which increased the capacity of the Circum–Baikal to 48 pairs of trains a day. In this stage of the construction of bridges and other engineering structures reinforced concrete

8556-490: Was the most successful passenger train of JSC Russian Railways with occupancy rate of 84.5% (according to RZD in 2010) and profitability of 30% (although capital costs were not included in its calculation). Passenger tariffs (except for travelling in the stateroom, sleeping and VIP-cars) are approved by the State, represented by the Federal Tariff Service with social orientation of its traffic operations below cost. Passenger fare

8649-401: Was used. In 2008, the new logo of Russian Railways became a runner-up for the international design competition WOLDA '08 award. Strategy 2030, an investment plan to expand and modernize the railway network, was approved by the Russian government in 2008. Since 2008, as part of the structural reform of rail transport, with separation of the services infrastructure of transportation activity and

#296703