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25-628: The East Reserve was a block settlement in Eastern Manitoba initially set aside by the Government of Canada exclusively for settlement by Russian Mennonite settlers in 1873 (although settlement did not occur until 1874). Most of the East Reserve's earliest settlers were from the Kleine Gemeinde or Bergthaler Mennonite churches. Settlers of the East Reserve established over 50 villages,

50-510: A few of which remain today, including the current-day City of Steinbach , as well as Grunthal , Kleefeld , and Blumenort . After signing Treaty 1 with the Anishinabe and Swampy Cree First Nations in 1871, the Government of Canada sent William Hespeler to Russia to recruit Mennonite farmers to the region of Manitoba, which had just joined Confederation . The first Mennonites to visit

75-521: A rise just west of Steinbach could see "half a dozen villages" in the distance. Lord Dufferin was greeted by Oberschulz Jacob Peters along with more than a 1000 local residents who showed up to greet him. The East Reserve eventually opened up to settlement from other groups and became known as the Rural Municipality of Hanover . In 1880, the Manitoba government renamed the East Reserve as Hespeler and

100-566: A significant presence of Mennonites to this day. Block settlement The policy of planned blocks was pursued primarily by Clifford Sifton during his time as Interior Minister of Canada . It was essentially a compromise position. Some politicians wanted all ethnic groups to be scattered evenly though the new lands to ensure they would quickly assimilate to Anglo-Canadian culture, while others did not want to live near "foreign" immigrants (as opposed to British immigrants who were not considered foreign) and demanded that they be segregated. At

125-548: A year later, in 1881, the reserve was divided between the R.M. of Hespeler , no longer in existence, and the Rural Municipality of Hanover , which is slightly larger than the original East Reserve. By the 1880s, approximately half the population of the East Reserve moved to the West Reserve due to superior soil conditions. Rather than using open field farming, Mennonites lived in street villages called Strassendorfs , and built housebarns , none of which are extant and in situ in

150-721: Is a part of the Red River Valley School Division. Rosenort was established in 1874 after David Klassen, a Kleine Gemeinde Mennonite delegate and signer of the Privilegium decided to establish a settlement along what is now called the Morris River rather than settle in the nearby East Reserve . The area became known the Scratching River Settlement. The community was settled by 31 Plautdietsch -speaking families of Mennonites of Dutch descent, who came from

175-509: Is an unincorporated community recognized as a local urban district within the Rural Municipality of Morris about 17 kilometres from the town of Morris and about 47 kilometres south of Winnipeg . Rosenort is named after a Mennonite village in Imperial Russia , meaning 'Rose Garden' in German . A post office was located on 32-5-1E and was opened in 1899. Rosenort has a K-12 school that

200-723: The Molotschna colony in the Russian Empire , whose descendants continue to have a significant presence in the community. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Rosenort had a population of 798 living in 275 of its 283 total private dwellings, a change of 13.8% from its 2016 population of 701. With a land area of 10.54 km (4.07 sq mi), it had a population density of 75.7/km (196.1/sq mi) in 2021. 49°27′31″N 97°26′03″W  /  49.45861°N 97.43417°W  / 49.45861; -97.43417 This Manitoba location article

225-591: The North-West Territories (now in Saskatchewan) from 1899 to 1918. They established 61 communal villages on 773,400 acres (3,130 km ). ( Map ) British Columbia (1908-1938) ( Map ) Alberta Ukrainian settlements with approximate date of founding ( Map ): These include French Canadians from Quebec, French Americans, and Francophones from France, Belgium, and Switzerland. Alberta British Columbia Manitoba Saskatchewan German settlement began in

250-563: The West Reserve , Manitoba include: Mennonite communities originally part of the Scratching River Settlement, Manitoba include: Saskatchewan settlements ( Map ) Early Alberta settlements began in La Crete , Alberta and Didsbury, Alberta 1901 Early British Columbia settlements began in Yarrow, British Columbia and Abbotsford, British Columbia 1911 Meaning: people coming directly from

275-549: The eastern region because of its proximity to Winnipeg . On March 3, 1873, the Canadian government set aside eight townships in the area for exclusive use of Russian Mennonite settlers, with the area initially being named "The Mennonite Reserve". Despite inferior farming land compared to Kansas, four delegates, representing the Bergthaler and Kleine Gemeinde churches, decided to recommend their people move to Manitoba because of

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300-529: The East Reserve, though two original examples can be seen at the Mennonite Heritage Village in Steinbach. Beginning in 1909, the villages began to be disbanded in favour of open-field farming and by the 1920s no traditional Strassendorfs were left in the region, with some dissolving completely and others, such as Steinbach, evolving into modern communities. Almost 150 years later, the area still retains

325-627: The Mennonite East Reserve now in the Rural Municipality of Hanover and the Mennonite West Reserve now in the Rural Municipality of Rhineland and the Rural Municipality of Stanley for the new Russian Mennonite immigrants coming to the province beginning in 1874. Most spoke Mennonite Low German . ( Map ) Mennonite communities originally part of the East Reserve , Manitoba include: Mennonite communities originally part of

350-513: The Red River and Rat River and gathered in immigration sheds that Shantz had set up nearby before spreading across the region and selecting numerous village sites. In the years that followed, thousands of Mennonites settled in this area. The Mennonite settlers established dozens of villages, a few of which remain today, including Steinbach , now an independent municipality, as well as Grunthal , Kleefeld , and Blumenort . The first village settled

375-638: The United Kingdom, not English-speaking people from Ontario or Atlantic Canada. Meaning: settlers from Eastern Canada , primarily Ontario, and mostly of British and Irish origins. Many of the Jewish immigrants to Canada came from settlements in Eastern Europe, including Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire (later the Soviet Union ). In Saskatchewan Doukhobors, numbering 7,500, settled in three blocks in

400-421: The area in 1872 were Bernhard Warkentin and Jacob Yost Shantz , a Swiss Mennonite from Ontario, who wrote a Narrative of a journey to Manitoba , a report which helped convince Russian Mennonites to move to the area. In 1873, twelve Mennonite delegates from the Russian Empire , toured Manitoba and Kansas . The group looked at various locations in Manitoba, including the western part of the province, but chose

425-501: The colony by 1910 and by 1930 it was home to 18,000 Roman Catholics. Most were German Catholics. Between 1903 and 1925 parishes were established at Some French settlements were founded by Francophone Métis from the Red River settlement in Manitoba . Many began as Métis hivernants buffalo hunting camps from the 1840s to the 1870s. Rosenort, Manitoba Rosenort , Manitoba ,

450-1051: The country. Similar to block settlements in Canada, the United States had several Ethnic Group Settlements across the Great Plains , which were founded by European settlers across the 1880s. These were towns of Czechs, Norwegians, Germans, Russians, and religious groups that were allotted land to create homesteads and farms. [1] Cardston founded in 1887 was the first Latter-day Saint settlement in Alberta. Hutterites are German -speaking Anabaptists who live in communal agricultural colonies. They have 188 colonies in Alberta, 117 in Manitoba, 72 in Saskatchewan and 3 in British Columbia. These Canadian colonies began with 18 colonies founded in 1919. Map The Manitoba government set aside

475-408: The guarantees offered by the Canadian government. David Klassen, Jacob Peters, Heinrich Wiebe, and Cornelius Toews signed what they called a Privilegium , or agreement, with the Canadian government outlining religious freedom, military exemption, and land. This land became known as the East Reserve, because it was east of the Red River . In 1874, Mennonite settlers first arrived in the confluence of

500-463: The prairie provinces in the 1890s and continued until the 1920s during the homesteading period. Some also came to the region after the end of World War II . Canadians of German ethnicity remain numerous in the prairie provinces. Most of these settlers were Catholics and Lutherans, with minorities of Mennonites and Baptists. St. Joseph's Colony (Katharinental) was established from 1886 to 1904 in southern Saskatchewan. St. Joseph's Colony (Josephstal)

525-559: The time, Canada was receiving large numbers of non-British, non-French, immigrants for the first time, especially Italians , Germans , Scandinavians , and Ukrainians . The newcomers themselves wanted to settle as close as possible to people with a familiar language and similar customs. The government did not want the West to be fragmented into a few large homogeneous ethnic blocks, however, so several smaller colonies were set up where particular ethnic groups could settle, but these were spaced across

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550-400: The village of Chortitz (now Randolph, Manitoba) quickly became the centre for trade and local government and an unofficial "capital" of the East Reserve, though over time the Kleine Gemeinde village of Steinbach overtook Chortitz in prominence. East Reserve Bergthalers adopted the named Chortitzer Mennonite Conference in 1878. In 1876, a second larger reserve, called the West Reserve on

575-526: The west side of the Red River, was established as the land of East Reserve was viewed by many as limited and unsuitable for farming. As such, "The Mennonite Reserve" name was quickly changed to "East Reserve" following this second reserve. A smaller Scratching River settlement was also established in 1875 on the Morris River . In 1877, Lord Dufferin visited the Mennonite villages of the East Reserve and, from

600-582: Was Gruenfeld, now Kleefeld, though most of the other villages were settled within months. The reserve was governed using the system the Mennonites had learned in Prussia . Each village had a Schulz, or mayor, while the whole reserve had an Oberschulz. Delegate Jacob Peters of Vollwerk (now part of Mitchell, Manitoba ) was the first oberschulz. As the home of the Bergthaler Bishop Gerhard Wiebe,

625-490: Was established in 1905 in west-central Saskatchewan. Villages in this Saskatchewan colony included St. Peter's Colony in Saskatchewan. founded in 1903 in Saskatchewan was 4,662 square kilometres (1,800 square miles) in size. It included 50 townships ; townships 35 to 40, ranges 18 to 22, and townships 37 to 41, ranges 23 to 26 of the Dominion Land Survey west of the 2nd Meridian . 8,000 settlers had arrived in

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