The East Luzon Trough (also known as the East Luzon Trench) is an oceanic trench north of the Philippine Trench and east of the island of Luzon . The trench is located near the Philippine orogeny and located in the southeastern region of the Philippine Sea Plate . The depth of the trough is 5,700 meters. The East Luzon Trough formed during the Eocene and Oligocene epoch, 40–24 million years ago.
13-701: Immediately to the South of the East Luzon Trough is the Philippine Trench . They are separated, with their continuity interrupted and displaced, by Benham Plateau on the Philippine Sea Plate . The East Luzon Trough was formed due to the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the island of Luzon . The trench was active during the Oligocene . The Sierra Madre Basin and Isabella Ridge may represent
26-577: A decent amount of earthquakes with a magnitude ≥7.0 in the region, with the most recent occurring in 1994. It hit the trench in a depth of 15.0 km. Areas adjacent to the subduction zones have experienced large seismic activity . Significant earthquakes which are 7.0± related to the Luzon Trough: Philippine Trench The Philippine Trench (also called the Philippine Deep , Mindanao Trench , and
39-597: Is an underwater current that moves rapidly and carries sediment. This is a list of significant quakes related to the Philippine Trench, which are 7.0+ Other known trenches in the Philippines are: Emden Deep The Emden Deep , also known as the Galathea Deep or Galathea Depth , is the portion of the 10,540-metre-deep (34,580 ft) Philippine Trench exceeding 6,000-metre (20,000 ft) depths in
52-656: The Mindanao Deep ) is a submarine trench to the east of the Philippines . The trench is located in the Philippine sea of the western North Pacific Ocean and continues NNW-SSE. It has a length of approximately 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and a width of about 30 km (19 mi) from the center of the Philippine island of Luzon trending southeast to the northern Maluku island of Halmahera in Indonesia . At its deepest point,
65-587: The Plio-Pleistocene times is considered to be an active depression of the Earth's crust. The trench formed from a collision between the Palawan and Zamboanga plates. This caused a change in geological processes creating a subduction zone , that is dropping the ocean floor deeper. The rate of subduction on these plates is estimated to be about 15 cm per year. A convergent zone borders an estimate of 45% of
78-474: The East Luzon Trough are molded by fold and thrust faulting at the base of the continental slope, further the acoustic basement under the sections of sediment can be followed as it dips towards land beneath the east Luzon margin. The trench reaches a depth of 5,700 meters (18,700 feet) at its deepest point, known as Gagua Basin. Although there are vast areas of subduction zones, some authors have considered this region to have low seismic activity . There has been
91-446: The Philippine Trench today. Although there are vast areas of subduction zones, some authors have considered this region to have low seismic activity , though the USGS has recorded many earthquakes with magnitude ≥ 7.2 in the region as shown by the map to the side. Most recently, in 2012 the Philippine Trench experienced an earthquake of M w 7.6 (the 2012 Samar earthquake ). It hit
104-406: The Philippine trench contains slightly metamorphosed , calc-alkalic , basic, ultrabasic rock and sand grains. The southern area of the trench contains homogeneous blue clay silt and is poor in lime . Sand grains that were also found contained fresh basaltic andesite . The sediments found in the trenches are hypothesized to have been deposited by turbidity currents . A turbidity current
117-504: The deepest parts of the ocean. At the time of the expedition, the Philippine Trench was the deepest known part of the ocean. The first crewed descent to the Emden Deep was made by American undersea explorer Victor Vescovo and Filipino oceanographer Deo Florence Onda in March 23, 2021. Findings of the expedition include extensive garbage near the seafloor of the underwater feature. It
130-618: The south-western Pacific Ocean . Originally discovered by the German ship Emden in 1927, it was first explored in detail by the Danish ship Galathea in 1951 on the Galathea 2 expedition , from which the name is taken. Biological samples collected during the Danish expedition demonstrated for the first time that a wide variety of fish, amphipods, echinoderms and bacteria not only survived, but thrived at
143-475: The trench reaches 10,540 meters (34,580 ft or 5,760 fathoms). Immediately to the north of the Philippine Trench is the East Luzon Trench. They are separated, with their continuity interrupted and displaced, by Benham Plateau on the Philippine Sea Plate . The Philippine trench is hypothesized to be younger than 8–9 million years old. The central part of the Philippine fault formed during
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#1732844912957156-467: The trench with a hypocenter depth of 34.9 km. Areas adjacent to the subduction zones have experienced large seismic activity. In 1897, northern Samar experienced a M s 7.3 earthquake while in 1924 southern Mindanao experienced one with a M s 8.2. The trench reaches one of the greatest depths in the ocean. Its deepest point is known as Emden Deep and reaches 10,540 meters (34,580 ft or 5,760 fathoms). Sedimentation of
169-515: The trench, forearc basin, and subduction complex. The rate of subduction on the Philippine Sea Plate is estimated to be around 2–3 cm per year. A transfer zone borders an estimate of 55% of the East Luzon Trough today. The East Luzon Trough is hypothesized to be 40 to 17 million years old. The northern part of the East Luzon Trough formed during the Eocene . The large sediments found in
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