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22-531: It is used quite frequently in everyday speech there. About half of the East Frisian population in the coastal region uses the language. A number of individuals, despite not being active speakers of East Frisian Low Saxon, are able to understand it to some extent. However, both active and passive language skills are in a state of decrease. East Frisian Low Saxon is not to be confused with the East Frisian language ;

44-462: A confirmation of the non Catholic partner and this condition prevented contact, so marriages of Saterlanders were seldom contracted with East Frisians for some ages. Ems (river) The Ems ( German : Ems ; Dutch : Eems ) is a river in northwestern Germany . It runs through the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony , and discharges into the Dollart Bay which is part of

66-747: Is Saterland Frisian spoken in Saterland in Germany. There once were two main dialects, Ems  [ nl ] and Weser . Weser, including the Wursten , Harlingerland and Wangerooge dialects, held out until the 20th century. Ems continues with a couple thousand adult speakers of the Saterland dialect. The phonology of Eastern Frisian is linguistically conservative with regards to Old Frisian . Old East Frisian used to be spoken in East Frisia ( Ostfriesland ),

88-434: Is an Ems Frisian dialect called Sater Frisian or Saterlandic (its native name being Seeltersk ), which is spoken in the Saterland area in the former State of Oldenburg , to the south of East Frisia proper. Saterland ( Seelterlound in the local language), which is believed to have been colonised by Frisians from East Frisia in the eleventh century, was for a long time surrounded by impassable moors. This, together with

110-720: The Wadden Sea . Its total length is 362.4 kilometres (225.2 mi). The state border between the Lower Saxon area of East Friesland (Germany) and the province of Groningen (Netherlands), whose exact course was the subject of a border dispute between Germany and the Netherlands (settled in 2014), runs through the Ems estuary . The source of the river is in the southern Teutoburg Forest in North Rhine-Westphalia. In Lower Saxony,

132-748: The Dutch province of Groningen ( Grunnegs , Grünnigs) and in Northern Drenthe (Noordenvelds). The biggest difference seems to be that of loanwords (from Dutch or German, resp.). The standard greeting is Moin (moi in Gronings), used 24 hours a day. East Frisian Low Saxon has two orthographies which are well known. One is developed by the Ostfriesische Landschaft, which is based on the orthography by Johannes Sass . The Ostfriesische Landschaft uses this spelling for all of their projects, and to promote

154-468: The Ems forms the border between the Netherlands and Germany and was subject to a mild dispute: the Dutch believed that the border runs through the geographical centre of the estuary, whereas the Germans claimed it runs through the deepest channel (which is close to the Dutch coast ). As the parties are now friendly states with an open border, the argument went no further than an agreement to disagree. The issue

176-567: The Sass-based spelling. This orthography is used fully by the Jungfräiske Mäinskup, which promotes the dialect and provides learning materials in this spelling. The Incubator Misplaced Pages for East Frisian Low Saxon along with the examples of the dialect in this page are also in this spelling. East Frisian language East Frisian is one of the Frisian languages . Its last surviving dialect

198-578: The brook becomes a comparatively large river. Here the swampy region of Emsland is named after the river. In Meppen the Ems is joined by its largest tributary, the Hase River. It then flows northwards, close to the Dutch border, into East Frisia . Near Emden , it flows into the Dollard bay (a national park ) and then continues as a tidal river towards the Dutch city of Delfzijl . Between Emden and Delfzijl,

220-585: The context. The Dutch government endorsed the ambiguous declaration, thus relieving itself of an obligation to declare war on Germany for violating its neutrality. After the war, the dispute was resumed. Past Delfzijl, the Ems discharges into the Wadden Sea, part of the North Sea . The two straits that separate the German island of Borkum from its neighbours Rottumeroog (Netherlands) and Memmert (Germany) continue

242-573: The dialect. It is considered to also be a cross di-dialect compromise writing, to provide materials in Low German for outside of the East Frisian Low Saxon dialect speaking area, and is recognized by the government of Lower Saxony . However, a newer, more phonetic orthography was developed in 1975 by Holger Weigelt, since he expressed concerns that the grammatical structures and character of East Frisian Low Saxon would not be presented well under

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264-409: The empire, and to that end built a fort, Amisia, at the mouth of the Ems. As the river was navigable to their ships, they hoped to use it to access the tribes at its upper end. Surrounding the river for most of its length, however, were swamps, bogs and marshes. The Romans found they had no place to stand, could not pick the most favourable ground, because there was none, and could not in general follow

286-594: The fact that Sater Frisian always had a status superior to Low German among the inhabitants of the area, accounts for the preservation of the language throughout the centuries. Another important factor was that after the Thirty Years' War , Saterland became part of the bishopric of Münster . As a consequence, it was brought back under control of the Catholic Church, resulting in social separation from Protestant East Frisia since about 1630. Catholic religious law demanded

308-648: The last Weser Frisian speaker died in 1953. Today, the Old East Frisian language is no longer spoken within the historical borders of East Frisia; however, a large number of the inhabitants of that region are still Frisians, referring to their dialect of Low German as Freesk . In this dialect, referred to in Standard German as Ostfriesisch , the Frisian substratum is still evident, despite heavy Germanisation. The last remaining living remnant of Old East Frisian

330-752: The latter, spoken by about 2,000 individuals in the Saterland region, is a Frisian language , not Low German . There are several dialects in East Frisian Low Saxon. There are two main groups of dialects. The dialects in the east, called Harlinger Platt , are strongly influenced by Northern Low Saxon of Oldenburg . The western dialects are closer to the Low Saxon Language spoken in the Dutch province of Groningen , Gronings . East Frisian Low Saxon differs from other Northern Low Saxon dialects in several aspects, which are often linked to Frisian heritage. The language originally spoken in East Frisia and Groningen

352-717: The name "Ems", as they are called Westere(e)ms and Osterems (West and East Ems). The Ems is accompanied and crossed by different long-distance bicycle routes: The Ems was known to several ancient authors: Pliny the Elder in Natural History (4.14), Tacitus in the Annals (Book 1), Pomponius Mela (3.3), Strabo and Ptolemy , Geography (2.10). Ptolemy's name for it was the Amisios potamos, and in Latin Amisius fluvius. The others used

374-468: The region between the Dutch river Lauwers and the German river Weser . The area also included two small districts on the east bank of the Weser, the lands of Wursten and Würden. The Old East Frisian language could be divided into two dialect groups: Weser Frisian to the east, and Ems Frisian to the west. From 1500 onwards, Old East Frisian slowly had to give way in the face of the severe pressure put on it by

396-723: The same, or Amisia, or Amasia or Amasios. The identification is certain, as it always is listed between the Rhine and the Weser , and was the only river leading to the Teutoburg Forest . The Amisius flowed from the Teutoburg Forest, home of the Cherusci , with the Bructeri and others bordering the river. These tribes were among the initial Franks . The Romans were quite interested in adding them to

418-531: The strategies and tactics developed by the Roman army . They were stopped at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest , 9 AD, and were checked again 6 years later. The Ems became a road leading nowhere for them, nor were they ever able to bridge the swamps satisfactorily with causeways. The Dollart Bay near Emden did not exist until 1277, when a catastrophic storm surge flooded 43 parishes and killed an estimated 80,000 people. Most of

440-432: The surrounding Low German dialects, and nowadays it is all but extinct. By the middle of the seventeenth century, Ems Frisian had almost completely died out. Weser Frisian, for the most part, did not last much longer, and held on only until 1700, although there are records of it still being spoken in the land of Wursten, to the east of the river Weser, in 1723. It held out the longest on the island of Wangerooge , where

462-676: Was Frisian, so the current Low German dialects of East Frisia, as part of the dialects, build on a Frisian substrate which has led to a large amount of unique lexical, syntactic, and phonological items which differ from other Low Saxon variants. Some Old Frisian vocabulary is still in active speech today. East Frisian features frequent use of diminutives, as in the Dutch language , e.g. kluntje ‘lump of rock sugar ’. In many cases, diminutives of names, especially female ones, have become names of their own. For example: Antje (from Anna), Triintje (from Trina = Katharina) etc. The dialects spoken in East Frisia are closely related to those spoken in

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484-663: Was settled amicably in October 2014. It became an active issue in late July 1914, when the Imperial German government began plans to mine the whole of the estuary that they claimed, in preparation for the launching of the Great War. The Dutch envoy in Berlin, Wilem Alexander Frederik Baron Gevers, tactfully announced the boundary was uncertain, and that the dispute was "opgeschort", which could mean either "suspended" or "resolved", depending on

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