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35-465: East Coast GRC was formed in 1997 as a six-member Group Representation Constituency. East Coast GRC was formed with a merger of Bedok Group Representation Constituency and Eunos Group Representation Constituency . It was downsized from six members to five members following the redrawing of divisions into the Marine Parade GRC in 2006. Joo Chiat Single Member Constituency was formerly part of

70-414: A 'walkover', implying a similar score could have been achieved without the losing team's presence. In poker games that use blinds , a hand is considered a walkover (usually shortened to walk ) when no other players call or raise the big blind, resulting in the player who posted the big blind winning the hand without opposition. Walks are most often seen in tournament play, since cash games often allow

105-408: A crowd of 15,000. In a more general sense, the term "walkover" is used broadly across many sports for a forfeiture due to one team being unable or unwilling to play, even if no actual act of walking over occurs. In some instances, there are distinctions between walkovers and other victories by default: for example, in tennis a walkover occurs when a player withdraws prior to the match, but not when

140-407: A lack of democracy, which led to the attention of Organising Secretary and Marine Parade GRC member-of-parliament Matthias Yao ; Chee publicly request to challenge Yao with a condition of carving out his MacPherson ward from Marine Parade GRC into a SMC, which the latter accepted. The 8th Parliament was dissolved on 16 December 1996, and nominations were held exactly a week after. At the close of

175-659: A mini stroke in May 2015. Prior to the 2020 general election , Lee Yi Shyan and Lim Swee Say retired from politics. The resulting election saw the PAP retaining East Coast GRC, albeit with the second closest marginal result after West Coast GRC . 1997 Singaporean general election Goh Chok Tong PAP Goh Chok Tong PAP [REDACTED] General elections were held in Singapore on 2 January 1997. President Ong Teng Cheong dissolved parliament on 16 December 1996 on

210-422: A player retired due to injury during a match. Many sporting bodies have a nominal score applied in the case of walkover for the purposes of points differential tiebreakers; the 2019 Pan American Games women's basketball tournament , for example, awarded a 20–0 walkover victory to Colombia when their Argentinian opponents turned up with the wrong uniforms. Colloquially, an extremely one-sided game may also be called

245-623: A year following the events of the Marine Parade GRC by-election, the largest opposition party, Singapore Democratic Party , faced a serious internal strife where former leader and Potong Pasir then-MP Chiam See Tong sued his party's Central Executive Committee (which include current secretary-general Chee Soon Juan and chairman Ling How Doong ) for defamation, which he won; Chiam resigned from SDP prior to nominations to lead his splinter party, Singapore People's Party . In 1994, Chee criticized then- Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong over

280-474: The 18' dinghy , also attempted a walkover but did not finish; this crew is officially recognized as gold medalists by the International Olympic Committee , but it was not mentioned in the most official contemporary report by games organizers, casting doubt over whether or not the crew actually received gold medals at the time due to not finishing the course. In addition to the walkovers, two of

315-536: The Democratic Progressive Party . After nomination day on 23 December 1996, the People's Action Party returned to power for the second consecutive (and third overall) election as 47 (more than half of the total 83) seats were won uncontested . On polling day, voters voted for the election for the remaining 36 seats, with the opposition party candidates winning only in two seats, down from the four they won in

350-556: The Workers' Party . This GRC is a perennial battleground between the two parties. In 2011 and 2015, the People's Action Party received numerous close fights with the Worker's Party and won both times, though the results allowed Worker's Party candidates to enter parliament as Non-Constituency MPs both times. In October 2015, Lee Yi Shyan stepped down from his ministerial post after suffering from

385-525: The GRC until 2001, and subsumed into Marine Parade GRC as of the 2015 elections . A large portion of the Kaki Bukit division and 60% of Kampong Chai Chee was transferred from East Coast GRC to Marine Parade GRC and saw the removal of Chew Heng Ching, Tan Soo Khoon and Lee Yock Suan due to the advanced age in 2006, followed by S Jayakumar and Abdullah Tarmugi in 2011. The offshore island of Coney Island

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420-442: The advice of Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong . The results were released in the late evening that day and the ruling People's Action Party won a total of 81 out of 83 seats as well as a tenth consecutive term in office under the then-Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong . Other major political parties contesting in the election were the Workers' Party , Singapore Democratic Party , National Solidarity Party , Singapore People's Party and

455-531: The campaign which falsely questioned their integrity. A total of 13 judgements were entered against Tang for defamation. Tang left Singapore shortly after the election and eventually found refuge in Australia. Official websites of political parties Walkover A walkover , also W.O. or w/o (originally two words: "walk over"), is awarded to the opposing team/player etc, if there are no other players available, or they have been disqualified, because

490-426: The candidates making their election debuts this year, while 17 incumbents were to retire ahead of the election. The list are as follows: The voter turnout in contested constituencies at 95.91% is Singapore's highest election turnout in history. Only two candidates (Tan Soo Phuan and Syed Farid Wajidi) had their election deposit forfeited. This is the last general election to date to see a four-cornered contest in one of

525-468: The constituencies contested (not counting the 2011 Singaporean presidential election or the 2013 Punggol East by-election , which were also four-cornered contests). With the Housing Development Board (public housing) upgrading scheme dangled as a pricy stake for voters, PAP reversed its electoral decline for the first time in four elections with an increase of four percentage points, and it

560-499: The death of Member of Parliament (MP), Dr Tay Eng Soon and inauguration of former Deputy Prime Minister Ong Teng Cheong as Singapore's fifth and first elected President in 1993 respectively; however, both GRCs did not held by-elections and were instead subsumed into neighbouring GRCs. A third incumbent, Lim Chee Oon of the Marine Parade GRC , retired from politics ahead of the by-election in 1992 , and future Minister Teo Chee Hean (now as Senior Minister ) succeeded Lim. In 1993,

595-546: The election as an independent candidate in an only four-cornered fight in Chua Chu Kang SMC . The Democratic Progressive Party, formerly named Singapore United Front, contested by a father-son duo led by Tan Soon Phuan and Tan Lead Shake (the latter now a member of NSP). During campaigning, Tang Liang Hong , who was standing on the WP ticket with its secretary-general J. B. Jeyaretnam for Cheng San GRC , faced criticism where Tang

630-502: The judge's box to be declared the winner. The actual act of "walking over" was seen in Australian rules football matches during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was not uncommon in the 19th century for a scheduled match to be cancelled on the day, often due to one of the two teams failing to field enough players, but these were generally considered no-game or rescheduled. The first team to claim victory by walkover on such an occasion

665-523: The last election. In this election, Group Representation Constituencies were increased from four members to between four and six members (six-member seats would remain present for two decades until its first absence in the 2020 election ). This election was Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong 's opportunity to score a better mandate after the PAP's considerably poorer showing in the 1991 election. Two seats in PAP-held Eunos and Toa Payoh GRCs were vacated after

700-502: The nomination, 122 candidates were nominated among which PAP returned to power for the second consecutive (and third) election after a majority of seats (47) were uncontested; among which were Tampines GRC , which the National Solidarity Party team was disqualified after one candidate was found to have his name struck off the electoral rolls for not voting in 1991. Chia Shi Teck became the first former Nominated MP to contest in

735-441: The other clubs; one sportswriter at the time commented that "in connection with football, the idea of a walkover is simply absurd and unprecedented." Nevertheless, actual walkovers were thereafter often observed in similar circumstances: the umpire would bounce the ball to officially start the game, the unopposed team would score at least once to secure a lead, and the match would then be abandoned. The highest level occurrence of this

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770-428: The other contestants have forfeited or the other contestants have withdrawn from the contest. The term can apply in sport , elections or other contexts where a victory can be achieved by default. The narrow and extended meanings of "walkover" as a single word are both found from 1829. Other sports-specific variations of the term exist, especially where walking is not involved: competitive rowing , for example, uses

805-403: The players to "split the blinds" (i.e. take back their blind bets in case there are no callers or raisers by the time the action gets to the small blind). Chopping is not permitted in tournaments. An uncontested election is often referred to as a walkover, when it is also referred to as winning "by default". The word is used more generally by extension for an election in which the winner is not

840-519: The rerun, protesting the controversial disqualification of their teammate. Hallswelle jogged in the rerun alone to claim the gold medal. In the 1920 Summer Olympics sailing program , there were a total of sixteen different yacht classes – no other Olympic games sailed more than seven classes until the 1980s – spreading the competitors so thinly that there were six gold medals won by walkover: each of these yachts completing its course unopposed to claim gold. A seventh yacht, Francis Richards ' entrant in

875-428: The sixteen classes were cancelled due to there being no entrants. A walkover occurred in the 2020 Summer Olympics in sport climbing . French climber Bassa Mawem was injured in his last climb during qualification and was unable to compete in the finals, but IFSC rules did not allow him to be replaced. His opening round speed climbing opponent in the finals, Czech climber Adam Ondra , was made to race unopposed up

910-511: The term row over . The word originates from horseracing in the United Kingdom, where an entrant in a one-horse race run under Jockey Club rules has at least to "walk over" the course before being awarded victory. This outcome was quite common at a time when there was no guaranteed prize money for horses finishing second or third, so there was no incentive to run a horse in a race it could not win. The 18th-century champion racehorse Eclipse

945-676: The wall to advance. A walkover was observed in football in the second leg of the 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification playoff between the Soviet Union and Chile . The Soviet Union refused to play in Chile two months after the 1973 Chilean coup d'état , and FIFA awarded the game to Chile by a nominal 2–0 result; but the walkover itself was still staged, the Chilean team taking the field and captain Francisco Valdés scoring an unopposed goal in front of

980-565: Was Albert-park , in an 1870 match against Railway which was to have counted towards the Challenge Cup . Railway had insufficient players and declined to play, so the Albert-park team took to the field with the umpire and without opposition and put through two goals, claiming a walkover victory. The claimed victory and its impact on the Challenge Cup was controversial and widely disputed by

1015-433: Was accused by PAP of being an anti-Christian Chinese chauvinist. New six-member Group Representation Constituencies (GRC) were formed in the election, while six existing GRCs were absorbed into neighboring GRCs. Divisions of each constituencies which were either absorbed or carved out Single Member Constituencies (SMC), or creating smaller divisions, were reflected in the table: 24 PAP and 18 opposition candidates were among

1050-411: Was in a Victorian Football Association match in 1900 , and sporadic reports from games at the local level confirm that actual walkovers were observed as late as the 1930s, including outside Melbourne. In the 1908 Summer Olympics , there was a walkover for a gold medal by Wyndham Halswelle in the rerun of the final race of the 400 m : Hallswelle's two American opponents refused to participate in

1085-506: Was offered to the WP team of Cheng San Group Representation Constituency with the best-performing losing opposition team, which scored 45.2%; WP accepted the offer and elected secretary-general Jeyaretnam as the NCMP, making his return to the Parliament since 1986. In June 1997, when Nominated MPs were re-appointed, the number was increased from six to nine. On 6 September 1999, the 9th Parliament

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1120-709: Was relocated to the New Parliament House located within the Civic District facing North Bridge Road , while the former Parliament House was closed until it reopened on 26 March 2004, in which it was renamed to The Arts House . After the election, WP candidate for Cheng San Group Representation Constituency , Tang Liang Hong was sued for defamation by several of the PAP's leaders, including then-Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong , then-Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew and then-Deputy Prime Ministers Lee Hsien Loong and Tony Tan , who accused him of making statements during

1155-401: Was so dominant over his contemporaries that he was allowed to walk over on nine occasions, and the 1828 Epsom Derby winner Cadland walked over on at least six occasions. The full formality of walking (or otherwise riding) over the entire track in a one-horse race remained in the rules governing racing until 2006; it was replaced by the lesser formality of making correct weight and riding past

1190-523: Was the first election since 1963 to wrestle back two of four opposition wards (namely Bukit Gombak and Nee Soon Central ) which was previously captured in the last election; due to Chiam's defection to SPP, SDP failed to win any seats and no longer have any seat representation since 1984; till this day SDP had never won any seats as of the 2020 election . With the election of two opposition MPs (SPP's Chiam and WP's assistant secretary-general Low Thia Khiang ), one Non-Constituency Member of Parliament seat

1225-431: Was transferred to Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC in 2015, while Fengshan SMC was carved out and East Coast GRC was left with four members. East Coast GRC was increased in size to five after Fengshan SMC has been absorbed back into East Coast GRC for the 2020 general election . The People's Action Party (PAP) won in a walkover in the 1997 and 2001 general elections . It saw its first contest in the 2006 general election from

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