55-486: East Carondelet is a village in St. Clair County, Illinois , United States. The population was 499 as of the 2010 census. According to the 2010 census, East Carondelet has a total area of 1.673 square miles (4.33 km), of which 1.21 square miles (3.13 km) (or 72.33%) is land and 0.463 square miles (1.20 km) (or 27.67%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 267 people, 94 households, and 68 families residing in
110-605: A Jesuit mission to convert tribes of the Illinois Confederation to Christianity. Prior to the establishment of Illinois as a state, the government of the Northwest Territory created St. Clair County in 1790 out of the western half of Knox County. In 1809, the county became the administrative center of the Illinois Territory and one of the two original counties of Illinois, alongside Randolph County . In 1970,
165-636: A Masonic monument in St. Clair Park in downtown Greensburg . St. Clair had been a petitioner for a Charter for Nova Caesarea Lodge #10 in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1791. This Lodge exists today, as Nova Caesarea Harmony #2. His wife Phoebe died shortly after and is buried beside him. A portion of the Hermitage, St. Clair's home in Oak Grove , Pennsylvania (north of Ligonier), was later moved to Ligonier , Pennsylvania, where it
220-464: A beautiful huntress. Like many of his Revolutionary era peers, St. Clair suffered from gout as noted in correspondence with John Adams . In retirement St. Clair lived with his daughter, Louisa St. Clair Robb, and her family on the ridge between Ligonier and Greensburg. Arthur St. Clair died in poverty in Greensburg , Pennsylvania, on August 31, 1818, at the age of 81. His remains are buried under
275-482: A city that developed on the east side of the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Missouri . It was always strongly influenced by actions of businessmen from St. Louis, who were initially French Creole fur traders with western trading networks. In the 19th century, industrialists from St. Louis put coal plants and other heavy industry on the east side of the river, developing East St. Louis. Coal from southern mines
330-791: A commission in the Continental Army as a colonel of the 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment . He first saw service in the later days of the Quebec invasion , where he saw action in the Battle of Trois-Rivières . He was appointed a brigadier general in August 1776, and was sent by Gen. George Washington to help organize the New Jersey militia. He took part in George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River on
385-554: A high of 90 °F (32 °C) in July, although a record low of −27 °F (−33 °C) was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of 117 °F (47 °C) at East St. Louis, Illinois was recorded in July 1954. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.02 inches (51 mm) in January to 4.18 inches (106 mm) in May. St. Clair County is home to 11 St. Louis MetroLink stations on
440-604: A high opinion of him. St. Clair was at Yorktown when Lord Cornwallis surrendered his army. During his military service, St. Clair was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1780. St. Clair was a member of the Pennsylvania Council of Censors in 1783 and was elected a delegate to the Confederation Congress , serving from November 2, 1785, until November 28, 1787. Chaos ruled
495-440: A justice of the court, of quarter sessions and of common pleas, a member of the proprietary council, a justice, recorder, and clerk of the orphans' court, and prothonotary of Bedford and Westmoreland counties. In 1774, during Lord Dunmore's War , the colony of Virginia took claim of the area around Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, and some residents of Western Pennsylvania took up arms to eject them. St. Clair issued an order for
550-601: A lieutenant's commission and was assigned under the command of General James Wolfe , under whom he served at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham which resulted in the capture of Quebec City . On April 16, 1762, he resigned his commission, and, in 1764, he settled in Ligonier Valley , Pennsylvania, where he purchased land and erected mills. He was the largest landowner in Western Pennsylvania . In 1770, St. Clair became
605-634: A merchant, and Elizabeth Balfour. He reportedly attended the University of Edinburgh before being apprenticed to the renowned physician William Hunter . In 1757, St. Clair purchased a commission in the British Army 's Royal American Regiment , and came to America with Admiral Edward Boscawen 's fleet for the French and Indian War . He served under General Jeffery Amherst at the capture of Louisburg , Nova Scotia, on July 26, 1758. On April 17, 1759, he received
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#1733115064341660-487: A pickaxe against a background of three stripes alternating green, yellow, and green. According to the US Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 674 square miles (1,750 km ), of which 658 square miles (1,700 km ) is land and 16 square miles (41 km ) (2.4%) is water. In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Belleville have ranged from a low of 22 °F (−6 °C) in January to
715-572: A supply depot; accordingly, it was originally named Fort Deposit. In November 1791, near modern-day Fort Recovery , his force advanced to the location of Native American settlements near the headwaters of the Wabash River . On November 4 they were routed in battle by a tribal confederation led by Miami Chief Little Turtle and Shawnee chief Blue Jacket . The tribes were aided by British agents Alexander McKee and Simon Girty . More than 600 American soldiers and scores of camp followers were killed in
770-488: A weak governor and a strong legislature , in part as a reaction to St. Clair's method of governance. St. Clair met Phoebe Bayard, a member of one of the most prominent families in Boston, and they were married in 1760. Miss Bayard's mother's maiden name was Bowdoin and she was the sister of James Bowdoin , colonial governor of Massachusetts. His eldest daughter was Louisa St. Clair Robb, a mounted messenger and scout, and known as
825-461: A white man, and whites began to attack blacks on the street. The governor ordered in the National Guard and peace seemed restored by early June. "On July 1, a white man in a Ford shot into black homes. Armed African-Americans gathered in the area and shot into another oncoming Ford, killing two men who turned out to be police officers investigating the shooting." Word spread and whites gathered at
880-463: Is located on a bluff along the Mississippi River. This area is being developed with suburban housing, particularly in Belleville , and its satellite cities . The eastern and southern portion of the county is sparsely populated. The older small communities and small tracts of newer suburban villages are located between large areas of land devoted to corn and soybean fields, the major commodity crops of
935-653: Is now preserved, along with St. Clair artifacts and memorabilia at the Fort Ligonier Museum. An American Civil War steamer was named USS St. Clair . Lydia Sigourney included a poem in his honor, [REDACTED] General St. Clair . in her first poetry collection of 1815. The site of Clair's inauguration as Governor of the Northwest Territory is now occupied by the National Start Westward Memorial of The United States , commemorating
990-651: The Eads Bridge to St. Louis, seeking refuge, until the police closed it off. The official death toll was 39 blacks and nine whites, but some historians believe more blacks were killed. Because the riots were racial terrorism, the Equal Justice Initiative has included these deaths among the lynchings of African Americans in the state of Illinois in its 2017 3rd edition of its report, Lynching in America . The riots had disrupted East St. Louis, which had seemed to be on
1045-518: The Jefferson administration , he was replaced as governor in 1802. St. Clair was born in Thurso , Caithness . Little is known of his early life. Early biographers estimated his year of birth as 1734, but subsequent historians uncovered a birth date of March 23, 1736, which in the modern calendar system means that he was born in 1737. His parents, unknown to early biographers, were probably William Sinclair,
1100-559: The Red and Blue Lines. St. Clair County is also served by Metrobus and Madison County Transit . In the 2020 United States Census the racial makeup of the county was 59.6% White, 29.7% black or African American, 1.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 2.1% from other races, and 6.8% from two or more races. 4.9% were of Hispanic or Latino origin. As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 270,056 people, 105,045 households, and 70,689 families residing in
1155-531: The Saratoga campaign . St. Clair was forced to retreat at the Siege of Fort Ticonderoga on July 5, 1777. He withdrew his forces and played no further part in the campaign. In 1778 he was court-martialed for the loss of Ticonderoga. The court exonerated him and he returned to duty, although he was no longer given any battlefield commands. He still saw action, however, as an aide-de-camp to General Washington, who retained
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#17331150643411210-625: The Society of the Cincinnati , and it was there that he established his home. As Governor, he formulated Maxwell's Code (named after its printer, William Maxwell ), the first written laws of the territory. He also sought to end Native American claims to Ohio land and clear the way for white settlement. In 1789, he succeeded in getting certain Native Americans to sign the Treaty of Fort Harmar , but many native leaders had not been invited to participate in
1265-472: The United States Army and was commissioned as a major general . He personally led a punitive expedition involving two Regular Army regiments and some militia. In October 1791 as an advance post for his campaign, Fort Jefferson (Ohio) was built under the direction of General Arthur St. Clair. Located in present-day Darke County in far western Ohio, the fort was built of wood and intended primarily as
1320-640: The United States Census Bureau placed the mean center of U.S. population in St. Clair County. This area was occupied for thousands of years by cultures of indigenous peoples. The first modern explorers and colonists of the area were French and French Canadians, founding a mission settlement in 1697 now known as Cahokia Village . After Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War in 1763 and absorbed its territory in North America east of
1375-522: The African-American population in East St. Louis had doubled. Whites were generally hired first and given higher–paying jobs, but there were still opportunities for American blacks. If hired as strikebreakers, they were resented by white workers, and both groups competed for jobs and limited housing in East St. Louis. The city had not been able to keep up with the rapid growth of population. The United States
1430-666: The Illinois Department of Corrections, is near East St. Louis. Also located in St. Clair County is Scott Air Force Base , which is home to U.S. Transportation Command, the Air Force's Air Mobility Command, and the Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command. St. Clair County is a reliably Democratic county, having voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every presidential election since 1928, with
1485-567: The Labor Temple; the next day they fanned out across the city, armed with guns, clubs, anything they could use against the blacks they encountered. From July 1 through July 3, 1917, the East St. Louis riots engulfed the city, with whites attacking blacks throughout the city, pulling them from streetcars, shooting and hanging them, burning their houses. During this period, some African Americans tried to swim or use boats to get to safety; thousands crossed
1540-466: The Mississippi River, British-American colonists began to move into the area. Many French Catholics moved to settlements west of the river rather than live under British Protestant rule. After the United States achieved independence in the late 18th century, St. Clair County was the first county established in present-day Illinois; it antedates Illinois' existence as a separate jurisdiction. The county
1595-504: The U.S. Congress had no power to interfere in the affairs of those in the Ohio Territory. He also stated the people of the territory "are no more bound by an act of Congress than we would be bound by an edict of the first consul of France." This led President Thomas Jefferson to remove him from office as territorial governor. He thus played no part in the organizing of the state of Ohio in 1803. The first Ohio Constitution provided for
1650-421: The age of 18 living with them, 54.3% were married couples living together, 16.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84 and the average family size was 3.28. In the village, the population was spread out, with 29.6% under
1705-461: The age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.8 males. The median income for a household in the village was $ 36,071, and the median income for a family was $ 39,583. Males had a median income of $ 35,500 versus $ 21,875 for females. The per capita income for
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1760-413: The area. According to the St. Clair County Historical Society, the county flag was designed in 1979 by Kent Zimmerman, a senior at O'Fallon Township High School. Zimmerman's flag won first place in a contest against submissions by more than 40 grade school and high school students from throughout the county. The winning entry features the outline of St. Clair County with an orange moon, a stalk of corn, and
1815-534: The arrest of the officer leading the Virginia troops. The boundary dispute between Virginia and Pennsylvania wasn't settled until 1780 when both sides agreed to extend the Mason-Dixon line westward from Maryland to 80° 31′ west, the current western border of Pennsylvania (see: District of West Augusta ) By the mid-1770s, St. Clair considered himself more of an American than a British subject. In January 1776, he accepted
1870-604: The battle, which has since borne the name "St. Clair's Defeat", also known as the "Battle of the Wabash", the "Columbia Massacre," or the "Battle of a Thousand Slain". It remains the greatest defeat of a U.S. army by Native Americans in history, with about 623 American soldiers killed in action and about 50 Native Americans killed. The wounded were many, including St. Clair and Capt. Robert Benham . Although an investigation exonerated him, St. Clair resigned his army commission in March 1792 at
1925-527: The city have become urban prairie . In 2017 the city marked the centennial of the riots that had so affected its residents. Other cities in St. Clair County border agricultural or vacant lands. Unlike the suburbs on the Missouri side of the metro area, those in Metro-East are typically separated by agriculture, or otherwise undeveloped land left after the decline of industry. The central portion of St. Clair county
1980-623: The county is part of the Metro East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area in southern Illinois . As of the 2020 United States census , St. Clair County had a population of 257,400, making it the third most populous county in Illinois outside the Chicago metropolitan area . Belleville is the county’s seat and largest city. Cahokia Village was founded in 1697 by French settlers and served as
2035-425: The county. The population density was 410.6 inhabitants per square mile (158.5/km ). There were 116,249 housing units at an average density of 176.7 per square mile (68.2/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 64.6% white, 30.5% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.2% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.3% of
2090-571: The day in early 1787 with Shays's Rebellion in full force and the states refusing to settle land disputes or contribute to the now six-year-old federal government. On February 2, 1787, the delegates finally gathered into a quorum and elected St. Clair to a one-year term as President of the Continental Congress . Congress enacted its most important piece of legislation, the Northwest Ordinance , during St. Clair's tenure as president. Time
2145-481: The exception of the 1972 United States presidential election . Former Communities Here is a list of school districts with any territory in the county, no matter how slight, even if the schools and/or administrative offices are located in other counties: 38°28′N 89°56′W / 38.47°N 89.93°W / 38.47; -89.93 Arthur St. Clair Major-General Arthur St. Clair (March 23, 1737 [ O.S. 1736] – August 31, 1818)
2200-414: The international border with Rupert's Land . When the Illinois Territory was created in 1809, Territorial Secretary Nathaniel Pope , in his capacity as acting governor, issued a proclamation establishing St. Clair and Randolph County as the two original counties of Illinois. Originally developed for agriculture, this area became industrialized and urbanized in the area of East St. Louis, Illinois ,
2255-485: The negotiations, or had refused to do so. Rather than settling the Native Americans' claims, the treaty provoked them to further resistance in what is also sometimes known as the " Northwest Indian War " (or "Little Turtle's War"). Mutual hostilities led to a campaign by General Josiah Harmar , whose 1,500 militiamen were defeated by the Native Americans in October 1790. In March 1791, St. Clair succeeded Harmar as commander of
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2310-499: The night of December 25–26, 1776, before the Battle of Trenton on the morning of December 26. Many biographers credit St. Clair with the strategy that led to Washington's capture of Princeton , New Jersey, on January 3, 1777. St. Clair was promoted to major general in February 1777. In April 1777, St. Clair was sent to defend Fort Ticonderoga . His outnumbered garrison could not resist British General John Burgoyne 's larger force in
2365-426: The population. In terms of ancestry, 27.5% were German , 11.1% were Irish , 7.4% were English , and 4.6% were American . Of the 105,045 households, 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.7% were non-families, and 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size
2420-450: The request of President Washington. He continued to serve as Governor of the Northwest Territory. A Federalist , St. Clair hoped to see two states made of the Ohio Territory in order to increase Federalist power in Congress . However, he was opposed by Ohio Democratic-Republicans for what were perceived as his partisanship, high-handedness, and arrogance in office. In 1802, St. Clair remarked
2475-457: The rise as a flourishing industrial city. In addition to the human toll, they cost approximately $ 400,000 in property damage (over $ 8 million, in 2017 US Dollars ). They have been described as among the worst labor and race-related riots in United States history, and they devastated the African-American community. Rebuilding was difficult as workers were being drafted to fight in World War I. When
2530-471: The veterans returned, they struggled to find jobs and re-enter the economy, which had to shift down to peacetime. In the late 20th century, national restructuring of heavy industry cost many jobs, hollowing out the city, which had a marked decline in population. Residents who did not leave have suffered high rates of poverty and crime. In the early 21st century, East St. Louis is a site of urban decay . Swathes of deteriorated housing were demolished and parts of
2585-656: The village was $ 13,402. About 3.8% of families and 2.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 8.3% of those 65 or over. East Carondelet is the site of the Martin–Boismenue House , a c. 1790 house owned by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency . St. Clair County, Illinois St. Clair County is the ninth most populous county in Illinois . Located directly east of St. Louis ,
2640-400: The village. The population density was 213.5 inhabitants per square mile (82.4/km). There were 105 housing units at an average density of 84.0 per square mile (32.4/km). The racial makeup of the village was 92.51% White , 3.37% African American , 1.87% Native American , 0.37% from other races , and 1.87% from two or more races. There were 94 households, out of which 37.2% had children under
2695-445: The war, he served as President of the Continental Congress , which during his term passed the Northwest Ordinance . He was then made governor of the Northwest Territory in 1788, and then the portion that would become Ohio in 1800. In 1791, St. Clair commanded an American army in St. Clair's defeat , which was one of the worst defeats suffered by the United States military at the hands of Native Americans. Politically out-of-step with
2750-521: Was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age was 36.9 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 48,562 and the median income for a family was $ 61,042. Males had a median income of $ 47,958 versus $ 34,774 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 24,770. About 12.3% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over. The Southwestern Illinois Correctional Center , operated by
2805-519: Was a Scottish-born American military officer and politician. Born in Thurso , Caithness , he served in the British Army during the French and Indian War before settling in the Province of Pennsylvania . During the American Revolutionary War , he rose to the rank of major general in the Continental Army , but lost his command after a controversial retreat from Fort Ticonderoga . After
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#17331150643412860-595: Was developing war industries to support its eventual entry into the Great War, now known as World War I . In February 1917 tensions in the city arose as white workers struck at the Aluminum Ore Company . Employers fiercely resisted union organizing, sometimes with violence. In this case they hired hundreds of blacks as strikebreakers. White workers complained to the city council about this practice in late May. Rumors circulated about an armed African American man robbing
2915-517: Was established in 1790 by a proclamation of Arthur St. Clair , first governor of the Northwest Territory , who named it after himself. The original boundary of St. Clair county covered a large area between the Mackinaw and Ohio rivers. In 1801, Governor William Henry Harrison re-established St. Clair County as part of the Indiana Territory , extending its northern border to Lake Superior and
2970-589: Was running out for the Confederation Congress, however; during St. Clair's presidency, the Philadelphia Convention was drafting a new United States Constitution , which would abolish the old Congress. Under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which created the Northwest Territory , General St. Clair was appointed governor of what is now Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and part of Minnesota . He named Cincinnati , Ohio, after
3025-561: Was transported on the river to East St. Louis, then fed by barge to St. Louis furnaces as needed. After bridges spanned the river, industry expanded. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the cities attracted immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and from the South. In 1910 there were 6,000 African Americans in the city. With the Great Migration underway from the rural South, to leave behind Jim Crow and disenfranchisement , by 1917,
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