16-559: The title of Earl Marischal was created in the Peerage of Scotland for William Keith, the Great Marischal of Scotland . The office of Marischal of Scotland (or Marascallus Scotie or Marscallus Scotiae ) had been hereditary, held by the senior member and Chief of Clan Keith , since Hervey (Herveus) de Keith , who held the office of Marischal under Malcolm IV and William I . The descendant of Herveus, Sir Robert de Keith (d.1332),
32-407: A Lord of Parliament is also Lady X . Children of Lords of Parliament and female holders of Lordships of Parliament are styled The Honourable [Forename] [Surname] , except that the heir apparent to the peerage is styled The Master of [peerage title] . Where succession by women is allowed, an heiress presumptive may be styled The Mistress of [peerage title] . After the death of father and/or mother,
48-487: A minor lord who is not a peer, approximately equal to a baron in some continental countries. The Scottish equivalent to the English or Irish baron is a Lord of Parliament. A male holder of such a lordship is designated a "Lord of Parliament," while there is no similar designation for female holders. Lords of Parliament are referred to as Lord X , while female holders of Lordships of Parliament are known as Lady X . The wife of
64-603: A person who was not legitimate at birth, but was subsequently legitimised by their parents marrying later. The ranks of the Scottish Peerage are, in ascending order: Lord of Parliament , Viscount , Earl , Marquess and Duke . Scottish Viscounts differ from those of the other Peerages (of England, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom) by using the style of in their title, as in Viscount of Oxfuird . Though this
80-622: Is not heritable, although it has been held by members of the Keith family. The title was forfeited in 1715, due to the last Earl's participation in the Jacobite Rising . Before the sequence was revised by Thomas Innes of Learney in 1927, the 1st Earl's father, William Keith (died 1463), was deemed to be the first Earl Marischal, so that the final Earl was the eleventh. Peerage of Scotland The Peerage of Scotland ( Scottish Gaelic : Moraireachd na h-Alba ; Scots : Peerage o Scotland )
96-604: Is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union , the Kingdom of Scots and the Kingdom of England were combined under the name of Great Britain , and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent titles were created. Scottish Peers were entitled to sit in
112-431: Is the theoretical form, most Viscounts drop the " of ". The Viscount of Arbuthnott and to a lesser extent the Viscount of Oxfuird still use " of ". Scottish Barons rank below Lords of Parliament, and although considered noble , their titles are incorporeal hereditaments . At one time barons did sit in parliament. However, they are considered minor nobles and not peers because their titles can be bought and sold. In
128-638: The House of Lords Act 1999 received the Royal Assent . Unlike most peerages, many Scottish titles have been granted with remainder to pass via female offspring (thus an Italian family has succeeded to and presently holds the earldom of Newburgh ), and in the case of daughters only, these titles devolve to the eldest daughter rather than falling into abeyance (as is the case with ancient English baronies by writ of summons ). Unlike other British peerage titles, Scots law permits peerages to be inherited by or through
144-588: The House of Lords Act 1999 removed the right of hereditary peers , including Lords of Parliament, to sit in the House of Lords, except that a number of hereditary peers do still sit , following election by hereditary peers. In 1999, two Lords of Parliament were so elected: Lord Reay and the Lady Saltoun . Following the death of Lord Reay on 10 May 2013, only Lady Saltoun remained in Parliament. Lady Saltoun resigned from
160-566: The House of Lords in December 2014. Lords of Parliament have no provision to be specially represented in the contemporary Scottish Parliament , but the Scotland Act 1998 allows peers (whether of the United Kingdom, Great Britain, England, Scotland, or Ireland) to stand for election to the Scottish Parliament. The term Lord/Lady of Parliament may also be used to refer to any member of
176-529: The ancient Parliament of Scotland . After the Union, the Peers of the old Parliament of Scotland elected 16 Scottish representative peers to sit in the House of Lords at Westminster . The Peerage Act 1963 granted all Scottish Peers the right to sit in the House of Lords, but this automatic right was revoked, as for all hereditary peerages (except those of the incumbent Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain ), when
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#1732845141108192-523: The child may continue to use the style "the Honourable". The creation of Lordships of Parliament ceased when Scotland and England were combined into a single Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, when their parliaments were merged. From 1707 to 1963, the Scottish peers were represented in the House of Lords by Scottish representative peers , but from 1963 to 1999 they were all entitled to sit there. However,
208-484: The following table of the Peerage of Scotland as it currently stands, each peer's highest ranking title in the other peerages (if any) are also listed. Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics . Lord of Parliament A Lord of Parliament ( Scots : Laird o Pairlament ) was the holder of the lowest form of peerage , entitled as of right to take part in sessions of
224-707: The king's person when attending parliament. The former duty was fulfilled by the 7th Earl during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms , who hid them at Dunnottar Castle . The role of regulation of heraldry carried out by the English Earl Marshal is carried out in Scotland by the Lord Lyon King of Arms . The separate office of Knight Marischal was first created for the Scottish coronation of King Charles I in 1633. The office
240-418: The pre- Union Parliament of Scotland . Since that Union in 1707, it has been the lowest rank of the Peerage of Scotland , ranking below a viscount . A Lord of Parliament is said to hold a Lordship of Parliament . The peerage of Scotland differs from those of England and Ireland , in that its lowest rank is not that of baron . In Scotland , the term "baron" refers to a feudal baron , considered to be
256-589: Was confirmed in the office of Great Marischal of Scotland by King Robert the Bruce around 1324. Robert de Keith's great-grandson, William, was raised to the Peerage as Earl Marischal by James II in about 1458. The peerage died out when George Keith, the 10th Earl, forfeited it by joining the Jacobite Rising of 1715 . The role of the Marischal was to serve as custodian of the Royal Regalia of Scotland , and to protect
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