Lieutenant general ( Lt Gen , LTG and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. The rank originates from the Old European System . The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages , where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a captain general .
16-558: Earl Cowper ( / ˈ k uː p ər / KOO -pər ) was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain . It was created in 1718 by George I for William Cowper, 1st Baron Cowper , his first Lord Chancellor , with remainder in default of male issue of his own to his younger brother, Spencer Cowper . Cowper had already been created Baron Cowper of Wingham in the County of Kent , in the Peerage of England on 14 December 1706, with normal remainder to
32-477: A major outranks a lieutenant ) is due to the derivation of major general from sergeant major general , which was a rank subordinate to lieutenant general (as a lieutenant outranks a sergeant major ). Several countries (e.g. Balkan states) use the rank of lieutenant colonel general instead of lieutenant general, in an attempt to solve this apparent anomaly. In contrast, in Russia and a number of other countries of
48-464: A higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics . The ranks of the peerage are Duke , Marquess , Earl , Viscount , and Baron . Marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons are all addressed as 'Lord X', where 'X' represents either their territory or surname pertaining to their title. Marchionesses, countesses, viscountesses and baronesses are all addressed as 'Lady X'. Dukes and duchesses are addressed just as 'Duke' or 'Duchess' or, in
64-753: A non-social context, 'Your Grace'. The last non-royal dukedom of Great Britain was created in 1766, and the last marquessate of Great Britain was created in 1796. Creation of the remaining ranks ceased when the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed; subsequent creations of peers were in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . The last 8 (6 non-royal and two royal) people who were created hereditary peers (from 1798 to 1800) were: Currently none Lieutenant-General In modern armies, lieutenant general normally ranks immediately below general (or colonel general ) and above major general ; it
80-748: A relative of the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau , and a count of the Holy Roman Empire . On the death of Lady Cowper's elder sister, Lady Frances Elliot , in 1772, the second Earl's son, the third Earl became Lord Grantham's heir general , and on 31 January 1778 he was created a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire ( Reichsfürst ) by the Emperor Joseph II . He was allowed by George III to bear this title in Great Britain. Lord Cowper's second son,
96-472: Is equivalent to the navy rank of vice admiral , and in air forces with a separate rank structure, it is equivalent to air marshal . In the United States, a lieutenant general has a three star insignia and commands an army corps , typically made up of three army divisions , and consisting of around 60,000 to 70,000 soldiers. The seeming incongruity that a lieutenant general outranks a major general (whereas
112-586: The House of Lords . Some peerages of Great Britain were created for peers in the Peerage of Scotland and Peerage of Ireland as they did not have an automatic seat in the House of Lords until the Peerage Act 1963 which gave Scottish Peers an automatic right to sit in the Lords. In the following table of peers of Great Britain, holders of higher or equal titles in the other peerages are listed. Those peers who are known by
128-570: The Kingdom of Great Britain between the Acts of Union 1707 and the Acts of Union 1800 . It replaced the Peerage of England and the Peerage of Scotland , but was itself replaced by the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801. The ranks of the Peerage of Great Britain are Duke , Marquess , Earl , Viscount and Baron . Until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 , all peers of Great Britain could sit in
144-454: The barony of Cowper, the viscountcy, the earldom and the Princely title became extinct. He was succeeded in the barony of Lucas of Crudwell and the lordship of Dingwall by his nephew; see Baron Lucas and Lord Dingwall for further history of these titles. Several other members of the family may also be mentioned. Spencer Cowper , younger son of the second Baronet and brother of the first Earl,
160-624: The fifth Earl (who succeeded on the early death of his unmarried elder brother), was a Fellow of the Royal Society . The latter was succeeded by his eldest son, the sixth Earl. He represented Canterbury in Parliament and served as Lord Lieutenant of Kent . Lord Cowper married the Hon. Anne Florence, daughter of Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey and 6th Baron Lucas . In 1859 she succeeded her father as 7th Baroness Lucas. They were both succeeded by their son,
176-446: The former Soviet Union , lieutenant general is a rank immediately below colonel general , and above major general – in these systems there is no use of the brigadier general of many Western countries. In addition, some countries use the lieutenant general as the rank of divisional commander, and some have designated them with French revolutionary system . For example, some countries of South America use divisional general as
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#1732851306630192-508: The heirs male of his body, and was made Viscount Fordwich , in the County of Kent, at the same time as he was given the earldom, also Peerage of Great Britain and with similar remainder. He was the great-grandson of William Cowper, who was created a Baronet , of Ratling Court in the County of Kent, in the Baronetage of England on 4 March 1642. The latter was succeeded by his grandson, the second Baronet. He represented Hertford in Parliament. He
208-460: The seventh Earl and eighth Baron Lucas. He was a Liberal politician and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland between 1880 and 1882. In 1871 managed to obtain a reversal of the attainder of the Scottish Lordship of Dingwall , which had been under attainder since 1715, and became the 4th Lord Dingwall as well. Lord Cowper was childless and on his death in 1905 the baronetcy of Ratling Court,
224-511: Was a politician and barrister. He was the father of 1) Ashley Cowper, Clerk of Parliaments; 2) William Cowper, Clerk of Parliaments, the father of a) William Cowper , Member of Parliament for Hertford and b) Spencer Cowper, a Lieutenant-General in the British Army , who was the father of Henry Cowper, Clerk of the House of Lords ; and 3) Reverend John Cowper, father of the poet William Cowper . William Cowper-Temple, 1st Baron Mount Temple ,
240-505: Was succeeded by his eldest son, the aforementioned William Cowper, the third Baronet, who was elevated to the peerage as Baron Cowper in 1706 and made Earl Cowper in 1718. In 1706 Lord Cowper married as his second wife Mary Clavering, daughter of John Clavering, of Chopwell, County Durham . Lord Cowper was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He assumed the additional surname of Clavering. Cowper married Lady Henrietta, younger daughter of Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque, 1st Earl of Grantham ,
256-777: Was the second son of the fifth Earl. The Hon. Henry Cowper , second son of the sixth Earl, was Member of Parliament for Hertfordshire for many years. The family seat of the Earls Cowper was Panshanger in Hertfordshire . Other seats included Wrest Park in Bedfordshire , Brocket Hall in Hertfordshire , Melbourne Hall in Derbyshire and a townhouse at 4 St James's Square . Peerage of Great Britain The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in
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