EUCARIS , an acronym for the European Car and Driving Licence Information System , is a collaborative initiative established in 1994 to combat international vehicle crime and driving license tourism through the exchange of vehicle and driving license information among its member nations. The primary aim of EUCARIS is to facilitate seamless information sharing, enabling member countries to conduct checks on potential obstacles for re-registration of vehicles or the exchange of driving licenses. This cooperative effort was formalized through the multilateral EUCARIS Treaty, which governs the activities of participating states in setting up and operating an information exchange system.
34-427: EUCARIS currently boasts a membership of 32 European countries, along with territories including Gibraltar, Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey. The system is open for use not only by the treaty-signatory Parties but also by other EU and EFTA countries, categorized as Third Parties. EUCARIS offers the option for additional bilateral agreements, predominantly concerning cross-border enforcement of traffic violations. EUCARIS
68-619: A JCA 1.5 compliant Resource Adapter that can be deployed to any Java EE (J2EE) 1.5 or later JCA container. The adapter supports both the JCA Common Client interface or CCI, as well as the JATMI interface supported by the Oracle WebLogic Tuxedo Connector component of Oracle WebLogic Server. Message inflow and outflow is supported along with distributed transaction support. Provides enterprise messaging capabilities that combines
102-438: A Tuxedo application. This product provides a set of gateway processes that run on Tuxedo that communicate with a mainframe using its native protocols. This gateway provides bidirectional integration between mainframe and Tuxedo platforms and makes Tuxedo appear as a remote CICS or IMS region to the mainframe, and the remote CICS or IMS region as another Tuxedo domain to the local Tuxedo application. The Tuxedo JCA adapter provide
136-527: A backup master can take over the function of master machine. Also, since machines within a single domain can be of different architectures (x86, IA32, SPARC, P-Series, etc.), the Bridge is also responsible for handling differences in things like endianness . On Oracle Exalogic Tuxedo leverages the RDMA capabilities of InfiniBand to bypass the bridge. This allows the client of a service on one machine to directly make
170-488: A bi-directional web services SOAP/HTTP(S) gateway. This gateway allows Tuxedo services to be accessed by external SOAP clients without making any changes to the Tuxedo service. Likewise, Tuxedo applications can call an external web service as though it were a local Tuxedo service. The latest version of SALT supports WS-AtomicTransactions and modules for Apache Web Server, Oracle HTTP Server, and Oracle iPlanet Web Server, that allows
204-557: A combination. Queues are managed by an XA compliant resource manager allowing queue operations to participate in distributed transactions. An automated queue forwarding server is provided that will remove entries from a queue and invoke an associated Tuxedo services, placing the reply message on an associated reply queue. The event subsystem within Tuxedo provides support for unsolicited events as well as brokered events. Unsolicited events allow Tuxedo applications to send out-of-band notifications to clients that aren't necessarily waiting for
238-624: A global view of their state across the machines within a domain. To coordinate updates to the BB a process called the Bulletin Board Liaison (BBL) runs on each machine to keep the local copy of the BB up-to-date. A master machine runs a process called the "Distinguished Bulletin Board Liaison" that coordinates the updates to the BB. This allows each machine to have a view of what servers, services, transactions, and clients are on each machine within
272-472: A request of a server on another machine. Tuxedo applications can utilize a variety of message formats depending upon the type of data that is to be passed. One of the most popular formats is the FML buffer format which is much like a binary XML or ASN.1 format. FML buffers can contain an arbitrary number of named fields of arbitrary type. Fields can be repeated and nested. As it is a self-describing binary format,
306-538: A response. Brokered events allow application to subscribe to events of interest and when another application posts an event, all applications subscribed to that event receive it. This allows applications to use an event driven model instead of the more typical request/response model. As well this provides a publish and subscribe messaging model that can be combined with /Q. Oracle offers a number of add-on products to Tuxedo. In March 2010, Oracle announced two new products. Application Runtime for CICS and Batch along with
340-682: Is a transaction processing system or transaction-oriented middleware, or enterprise application server for a variety of systems and programming languages. Developed by AT&T in the 1980s, it became a software product of Oracle Corporation in 2008 when they acquired BEA Systems . Tuxedo is now part of the Oracle Fusion Middleware . From the beginning in 1983, AT&T designed Tuxedo for high availability and to provide extremely scalable applications to support applications requiring thousands of transactions per second on commonly available distributed systems. The original development targeted
374-593: Is a network to be established across the European Union which should be fully operational by 19/1/2013. EUCARIS is able to connect to the RESPER network giving the Member States a choice whether they want to use EUCARIS to exchange driving licence information via RESPER. ERRU (European Register of Road Transport Undertakings) allows competent authorities to better monitor the compliance of road transport undertakings across
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#1732859175926408-407: Is also support for user-developed buffer types (for example JamFlex buffers defined by Tuxedo version of Panther RAD toolset). For remote clients (Java, CORBA, or/WS), Tuxedo provides communication concentrators called listener/handlers that handle the remote network communication. Clients connect to these communication concentrators, which act as proxies for the clients. As clients make requests,
442-410: Is at its core a message routing and queuing system. Requests are sent to named services and Tuxedo uses memory-based inter-process communication facilities to queue the requests to servers. The requester is unaware of where the server that actually processes the request is located or how it is implemented. In essence, Tuxedo provided the elements of service-oriented architecture (SOA) decades before
476-596: Is continuously evolving to meet emerging needs and challenges. The initiative is in the process of developing a Gateway that will enable access to its network for authorities outside the European Union through the internet. This expansion will facilitate cooperation with countries like Australia, the USA, and even low-income nations in Africa, offering them the benefits of information exchange and collaboration facilitated by EUCARIS. In
510-548: The European Union . EUCARIS will be able to connect to the ERRU network giving the Member States a choice whether they want to use EUCARIS to exchange information via ERRU. The table below shows the currently participating member states who are actively exchanging data: Tuxedo (software) Tuxedo (Transactions for Unix , Extended for Distributed Operations) is a middleware platform used to manage distributed transaction processing in distributed computing environments. Tuxedo
544-469: The OSI protocols , and Java Platform, Enterprise Edition application servers. For the mainframe gateways, each system sees the services imported from the remote system as local services and use the local systems infrastructure to interact with those services. This means that Tuxedo sees a CICS transaction as a Tuxedo service, and CICS sees a Tuxedo service as a CICS transaction. The BBL on each machine monitors
578-744: The LMOS team, including Juan M. Andrade, Mark T. Carges, Terrence Dwyer, and Stephen Felts. In 1993 Novell acquired the Unix System Laboratories (USL) division of AT&T which was responsible for the development of Tuxedo at the time. In September 1993 it was called the "best known" distributed transaction processing monitor, running on 25 different platforms. In February 1996, BEA Systems made an exclusive agreement with Novell to develop and distribute Tuxedo on non- NetWare platforms, with most Novell employees working with Tuxedo joining BEA. In 2008, Oracle Corporation acquired BEA Systems , and TUXEDO
612-498: The TSAM Plus Manager where it is used historically or in real time. TSAM Plus provides configuration information, call path, call pattern, service execution, transaction, and more monitoring metrics. TSAM Plus also monitors Tuxedo ART CICS and Batch applications. An additional component of TSAM Plus is a plug-in for Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control that provides full operation, configuration, administration, and management of
646-418: The associated Oracle Tuxedo Application Rehosting Workbench allows the migration of IBM Customer Information Control System (CICS) and batch applications onto Tuxedo on distributed systems. By providing automated conversion tools, CICS equivalent API pre-processor macro expansion, and a JES-2 like Batch execution environment, the migration of mainframe applications is greatly simplified. This product provides
680-540: The cluster. To facilitate the sharing of services across domains, Tuxedo provides domain gateways. A domain gateway allows importing and exporting services from remote domains. This allows the local domain to see services on remote domains as though they were local services. The domain gateways are responsible for propagating security and transaction context to the remote domain. Besides connecting Tuxedo domains together, domain gateways exist for mainframe systems using TCP/IP , IBM's Systems Network Architecture (SNA), or
714-533: The commit processing with the resource managers to ensure atomic updates to all affected resources. Transactions can be controlled by the application or automatically controlled by the Tuxedo configuration, i.e., container managed transactions. Tuxedo provides a queuing subsystem called /Q. This facility provides transient and persistent queues that allows applications to explicitly enqueue and dequeue messages from named queues. Queues can be ordered by message availability time, expiration time, priority, LIFO, FIFO, or
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#1732859175926748-613: The creation and administration of operations support systems for the US telephone company that required online transaction processing (OLTP) capabilities. The Tuxedo concepts derived from the Loop Maintenance Operations System (LMOS). Tuxedo supported moving the LMOS application off mainframe systems that used Information Management System (IMS) from IBM on to much cheaper distributed systems running (AT&T's own) Unix . The original Tuxedo team comprised members of
782-402: The creation of dynamic web content by calling Tuxedo services. In version 12.1.3 SALT added support for RESTful services. This product provides centralized monitoring capabilities for multiple Tuxedo domains. TSAM Plus agents are deployed on the machines in a Tuxedo domain. These agents collect metric data from the running Tuxedo processes based on a configured policy, and send the data back to
816-493: The domain. Another process on each machine called the Bridge is responsible for passing requests from one machine to another. This allows Tuxedo to spread load across the various machines within a domain and allows servers and services to be running on multiple machines. In addition, the BBL and Bridge monitor each other and restart the other should one fail. In the advent of a failure of the master machine, another machine designated as
850-510: The early 1990s, five European vehicle and driving licence registration authorities (Belgium, Germany, the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) took the initiative to set up a network for data communication and to give European countries the opportunity to share vehicle and driver registration information. The system is operational since 1994 and used Tuxedo as main technology for
884-589: The exchange. In 2007 this system was replaced by the second generation of EUCARIS (a.k.a. EUCARIS II) which uses open standards (XML/Webservice/SOAP). The current EUCARIS software is built using the Microsoft .NET platform. EUCARIS originated as a response to the challenges posed by international vehicle-related crime and driving license manipulation. It emerged as a collaborative endeavor among national registration authorities of various European countries. The system's goals were threefold: The foundation of EUCARIS lies in
918-399: The listener/handler uses the local Tuxedo infrastructure to make the request on the behalf of the client. Tuxedo then load balances the requests across the servers within the domain that offer the service even if the server is not on the local machine. This is in contrast to most Java EE application servers where load balancing is done by the client making requests to different machines with
952-449: The multilateral EUCARIS Treaty , which outlines the regulations governing member states' participation in the information exchange system. This treaty allows the requesting of vehicle information by the member state responsible for re-registering the exported vehicle. Over time, the scope of the EUCARIS system has expanded to cover a broader spectrum of international information exchange within
986-467: The phrase was coined. Tuxedo can use the content of the message to determine what servers should be utilized to receive the request by means of data-dependent routing. The heart of the Tuxedo system is the Bulletin Board (BB). This is a shared memory segment that contains the configuration and state of a Tuxedo domain. Servers, services, transactions, and clients are all registered in the BB providing
1020-517: The prepare phase but not the commit phase will be committed as part of the Tuxedo boot sequence. Tuxedo applications can request that all service invocations and their associated updates to any resources controlled by resource managers (such as databases) be controlled by a transaction. Once the application begins a transaction, all subsequent service invocations and nested invocations are included as part of that transaction, even those services that were executed on remote domains. Tuxedo then coordinates
1054-575: The processing of fields incurs very little overhead in comparison to the parsing necessary to support something like XML. VIEW buffers are essentially records, C structures, or COBOL copybooks. A VIEW buffer has an external description which allows Tuxedo to access the fields within it if necessary for things like data dependent routing. Other buffer formats include XML, CARRAY (opaque binary data), STRING, and MBSTRING (a string buffer containing multibyte characters.) Tuxedo can automatically and transparently convert FML buffers to and from XML buffers. There
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1088-408: The state of all servers and can automatically restart failed servers. It can also detect hung servers and kill/restart them as required. The BRIDGE process in a clustered environment monitors to BBL, so there are no single points of failure. Any transactions that are affected by a server or machine failure and that have not completed the prepare phase are rolled back. Transactions that have completed
1122-433: The transport and mobility sector. Since its inception, EUCARIS has evolved to encompass various applications beyond its initial scope. These include: eCall is a project intended to bring rapid assistance to motorists involved in a collision anywhere in the European Union . Member states participating in eCall may use the EUCARIS platform for exchanging messages. RESPER (Réseau permis de conduire/Drivers License Network)
1156-431: Was marketed as part of the Oracle Fusion Middleware product line. Tuxedo has been used as transactional middleware by a number of multi-tier application development tools. The Open Group used some of the Tuxedo interfaces as the basis of their standards such as X/Open XA and XATMI. The Tuxedo developers published papers about it in the early 1990s. Later it became the basis of some research projects. Tuxedo
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