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65-785: ENOD40 [REDACTED] A sequence logo for the ENOD40 peptide. Identifiers Symbol ENOD40 Pfam PF08247 InterPro IPR013186 Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB ; PDBe ; PDBj PDBsum structure summary ENOD40 [REDACTED] ENOD40 secondary structure and sequence conservation Identifiers Symbol ENOD40 Rfam RF01845 Other data RNA type Non-coding RNA Domain(s) Magnoliophyta PDB structures PDBe enod40 , also known as early nodulin 40,

130-543: A first-class entity , rather than the specific place where the object is located at a certain time. It implements the Uniform Resource Identifier ( Uniform Resource Name ) concept and adds to it a data model and social infrastructure. A DOI name also differs from standard identifier registries such as the ISBN , ISRC , etc. The purpose of an identifier registry is to manage a given collection of identifiers, whereas

195-401: A sequence motif or sequence alignment . However, a consensus logo displays only conservation information, and not explicitly the frequency information of each nucleotide or amino acid at each position. Instead of a stack made of several characters, denoting the relative frequency of each character, the consensus logo depicts the degree of conservation of each position using the height of

260-448: A DOI name is a handle, and so has a set of values assigned to it and may be thought of as a record that consists of a group of fields. Each handle value must have a data type specified in its <type> field, which defines the syntax and semantics of its data. While a DOI persistently and uniquely identifies the object to which it is assigned, DOI resolution may not be persistent, due to technical and administrative issues. To resolve

325-537: A DOI name, it may be input to a DOI resolver, such as doi.org . Another approach, which avoids typing or copying and pasting into a resolver is to include the DOI in a document as a URL which uses the resolver as an HTTP proxy, such as https://doi.org/ (preferred) or http://dx.doi.org/ , both of which support HTTPS. For example, the DOI 10.1000/182 can be included in a reference or hyperlink as https://doi.org/10.1000/182 . This approach allows users to click on

390-590: A Zea mays line carrying a transposon-tagged ENOD40". Biochim Biophys Acta . 1629 (1–3): 84–91. doi : 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2003.08.004 . PMID   14522083 . Vleghels I, Hontelez J, Ribeiro A, Fransz P, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2003). "Expression of ENOD40 during tomato plant development". Planta . 218 (1): 42–49. doi : 10.1007/s00425-003-1081-9 . PMID   14508686 . S2CID   37198384 . Santi C, von Groll U, Ribeiro A, Chiurazzi M, Auguy F, Bogusz D, Franche C, Pawlowski K (2003). "Comparison of nodule induction in legume and actinorhizal symbioses:

455-724: A cDNA encoding a ryegrass (Lolium perenne) ENOD40 homologue". J Plant Physiol . 160 (6): 675–687. doi : 10.1078/0176-1617-00962 . PMID   12872490 . Favery B, Complainville A, Vinardell JM, Lecomte P, Vaubert D, Mergaert P, Kondorosi A, Kondorosi E, Crespi M, Abad P (2002). "The endosymbiosis-induced genes ENOD40 and CCS52a are involved in endoparasitic-nematode interactions in Medicago truncatula" . Mol Plant Microbe Interact . 15 (10): 1008–1013. doi : 10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.10.1008 . PMID   12437298 . Varkonyi-Gasic E, White DW (2002). "The white clover enod40 gene family. Expression patterns of two types of genes indicate

520-927: A gene expressed during nodule organogenesis, codes for a non-translatable RNA involved in plant growth" . EMBO J . 13 (21): 5099–5112. doi : 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06839.x . PMC   395456 . PMID   7957074 . Matvienko M, Van de Sande K, Yang WC, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Franssen H (1994). "Comparison of soybean and pea ENOD40 cDNA clones representing genes expressed during both early and late stages of nodule development". Plant Mol Biol . 26 (1): 487–493. doi : 10.1007/BF00039559 . PMID   7948896 . S2CID   11639458 . External links [ edit ] ENTREZ page for Lotus japonicus ENOD40 Page for Early nodulin 40 at Rfam NONCODE entry for ENOD40 RNA Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ENOD40&oldid=1184022577 " Category : Non-coding RNA Sequence logo A sequence logo consists of

585-1058: A gene showing novel patterns of cell-specific expression during soybean nodule development" . Plant J . 3 (4): 573–585. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.03040573.x . PMID   8220464 . ^ Kouchi H, Hata S (1993). "Isolation and characterization of novel nodulin cDNAs representing genes expressed at early stages of soybean nodule development". Mol Gen Genet . 238 (1–2): 106–119. doi : 10.1007/bf00279537 . PMID   7683079 . S2CID   23793878 . ^ van Rhijn P, Fang Y, Galili S, Shaul O, Atzmon N, Wininger S, Eshed Y, Lum M, Li Y, To V, Fujishige N, Kapulnik Y, Hirsch AM (1997). "Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved" . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 94 (10): 5467–5472. Bibcode : 1997PNAS...94.5467V . doi : 10.1073/pnas.94.10.5467 . PMC   24702 . PMID   11038545 . ^ Campalans A, Kondorosi A, Crespi M (2004). "Enod40,

650-401: A managed registry (providing both social and technical infrastructure). It does not assume any specific business model for the provision of identifiers or services and enables other existing services to link to it in defined ways. Several approaches for making identifiers persistent have been proposed. The comparison of persistent identifier approaches is difficult because they are not all doing

715-573: A more stable link than directly using its URL. But if its URL changes, the publisher must update the metadata for the DOI to maintain the link to the URL. It is the publisher's responsibility to update the DOI database. If they fail to do so, the DOI resolves to a dead link , leaving the DOI useless. The developer and administrator of the DOI system is the International DOI Foundation (IDF), which introduced it in 2000. Organizations that meet

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780-544: A non-profit organization created in 1997, is the governance body of the DOI system. It safeguards all intellectual property rights relating to the DOI system, manages common operational features, and supports the development and promotion of the DOI system. The IDF ensures that any improvements made to the DOI system (including creation, maintenance, registration, resolution and policymaking of DOI names) are available to any DOI registrant. It also prevents third parties from imposing additional licensing requirements beyond those of

845-1097: A putative transcription factor of the GRAS family, required for NIN and ENOD40 gene expression in nodule initiation" . DNA Res . 13 (6): 255–265. doi : 10.1093/dnares/dsl017 . PMID   17244637 . Lee A, Lum MR, Hirsch AM (2007). "ENOD40 Gene Expression and Cytokinin Responses in the Nonnodulating, Nonmycorrhizal (NodMyc) Mutant, Masym3, of Melilotus alba Desr" . Plant Signal Behav . 2 (1): 33–42. doi : 10.4161/psb.2.1.3734 . PMC   2633896 . PMID   19516966 . Ruttink T, Boot K, Kijne J, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2006). "ENOD40 affects elongation growth in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells by alteration of ethylene biosynthesis kinetics" . J Exp Bot . 57 (12): 3271–3282. doi : 10.1093/jxb/erl089 . PMID   16957021 . Grønlund M, Roussis A, Flemetakis E, Quaedvlieg NE, Schlaman HR, Umehara Y, Katinakis P, Stougaard J, Spaink HP (2005). "Analysis of promoter activity of

910-565: A role in vascular function" . Plant Physiol . 129 (3): 1107–1118. doi : 10.1104/pp.010916 . PMC   166505 . PMID   12114565 . Rohrig H, Schmidt J, Miklashevichs E, Schell J, John M (2002). "Soybean ENOD40 encodes two peptides that bind to sucrose synthase" . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 99 (4): 1915–1920. Bibcode : 2002PNAS...99.1915R . doi : 10.1073/pnas.022664799 . PMC   122294 . PMID   11842184 . Staehelin C, Charon C, Boller T, Crespi M, Kondorosi A (2001). "Medicago truncatula plants overexpressing

975-796: A short open reading frame-containing mRNA, induces cytoplasmic localization of a nuclear RNA binding protein in Medicago truncatula" . Plant Cell . 16 (4): 1047–1059. doi : 10.1105/tpc.019406 . PMC   412876 . PMID   15037734 . ^ Guzzo F, Portaluppi P, Grisi R, Barone S, Zampieri S, Franssen H, Levi M (2005). "Reduction of cell size induced by enod40 in Arabidopsis thaliana" . J Exp Bot . 56 (412): 507–513. doi : 10.1093/jxb/eri028 . PMID   15557291 . Further reading [ edit ] Podkowinski J, Zmienko A, Florek B, Wojciechowski P, Rybarczyk A, Wrzesinski J, Ciesiolka J, Blazewicz J, Kondorosi A, Crespi M, Legocki A (2009). "Translational and structural analysis of

1040-443: A stack of letters at each position. The relative sizes of the letters indicate their frequency in the sequences. The total height of the letters depicts the information content of the position, in bits. To create sequence logos, related DNA, RNA or protein sequences, or DNA sequences that have common conserved binding sites, are aligned so that the most conserved parts create good alignments. A sequence logo can then be created from

1105-419: A transaction, etc. The names can refer to objects at varying levels of detail: thus DOI names can identify a journal, an individual issue of a journal, an individual article in the journal, or a single table in that article. The choice of level of detail is left to the assigner, but in the DOI system it must be declared as part of the metadata that is associated with a DOI name, using a data dictionary based on

1170-414: Is 4 for nucleotides, 20 for amino acids, and n {\displaystyle n} is the number of sequences in the alignment. A consensus logo is a simplified variation of a sequence logo that can be embedded in text format. Like a sequence logo, a consensus logo is created from a collection of aligned protein or DNA/RNA sequences and conveys information about the conservation of each position of

1235-436: Is a gene found in flowering plants . The gene has characteristics of both protein and Non-coding RNA genes. There is some evidence that the non-coding characteristics of this gene are more widely conserved than the protein coding sequences. In soyabeans enod40 was found to be expressed during early stages of formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules that are associated with symbiotic soil rhizobial bacteria . The gene

1300-450: Is a type of Handle System handle, which takes the form of a character string divided into two parts, a prefix and a suffix, separated by a slash. The prefix identifies the registrant of the identifier and the suffix is chosen by the registrant and identifies the specific object associated with that DOI. Most legal Unicode characters are allowed in these strings, which are interpreted in a case-insensitive manner. The prefix usually takes

1365-1141: Is active in Arabidopsis thaliana and is temporally and spatially regulated". Plant Mol Biol . 39 (1): 177–181. doi : 10.1023/A:1006146627301 . PMID   10080720 . S2CID   27117762 . Corich V, Goormachtig S, Lievens S, Van Montagu M, Holsters M (1998). "Patterns of ENOD40 gene expression in stem-borne nodules of Sesbania rostrata". Plant Mol Biol . 37 (1): 67–76. doi : 10.1023/A:1005925607793 . PMID   9620265 . S2CID   6061623 . Fang Y, Hirsch AM (1998). "Studying early nodulin gene ENOD40 expression and induction by nodulation factor and cytokinin in transgenic alfalfa" . Plant Physiol . 116 (1): 53–68. doi : 10.1104/pp.116.1.53 . PMC   35188 . PMID   9449836 . Charon C, Johansson C, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A, Crespi M (1997). "enod40 induces dedifferentiation and division of root cortical cells in legumes" . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 94 (16): 8901–8906. Bibcode : 1997PNAS...94.8901C . doi : 10.1073/pnas.94.16.8901 . PMC   23190 . PMID   11038563 . Minami E, Kouchi H, Cohn JR, Ogawa T, Stacey G (1996). "Expression of

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1430-478: Is also active in roots containing fungi forming phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhiza . An interaction with a novel RNA-binding protein MtRBP1 ( Medicago truncatula RNA-binding protein 1) investigated in the development of Root nodule suggests ENOD40 has a function of cytoplasmic relocalization of nuclear proteins . In the study of non-legume plants, the over-expression of ENOD40 in transgenic Arabidopsis lines

1495-549: Is given by: where H i {\displaystyle H_{i}} is the uncertainty (sometimes called the Shannon entropy ) of position i {\displaystyle i} Here, f b , i {\displaystyle f_{b,i}} is the relative frequency of base or amino acid b {\displaystyle b} at position i {\displaystyle i} , and e n {\displaystyle e_{n}}

1560-596: Is maintained by the International DOI Foundation. The IDF is recognized as one of the federated registrars for the Handle System by the DONA Foundation (of which the IDF is a board member), and is responsible for assigning Handle System prefixes under the top-level 10 prefix. Registration agencies generally charge a fee to assign a new DOI name; parts of these fees are used to support the IDF. The DOI system overall, through

1625-464: Is shown with a DOI name that leads to an Excel file of data underlying the tables and graphs. Further development of such services is planned. Other registries include Crossref and the multilingual European DOI Registration Agency (mEDRA) . Since 2015, RFCs can be referenced as doi:10.17487/rfc ... . The IDF designed the DOI system to provide a form of persistent identification , in which each DOI name permanently and unambiguously identifies

1690-418: Is the small-sample correction for an alignment of n {\displaystyle n} letters. The height of letter b {\displaystyle b} in column i {\displaystyle i} is given by The approximation for the small-sample correction, e n {\displaystyle e_{n}} , is given by: where s {\displaystyle s}

1755-555: Is to use one of a number of add-ons and plug-ins for browsers , thereby avoiding the conversion of the DOIs to URLs, which depend on domain names and may be subject to change, while still allowing the DOI to be treated as a normal hyperlink. A disadvantage of this approach for publishers is that, at least at present, most users will be encountering the DOIs in a browser, mail reader , or other software which does not have one of these plug-ins installed. The International DOI Foundation ( IDF ),

1820-593: The International Organization for Standardization (ISO). DOIs are an implementation of the Handle System ; they also fit within the URI system ( Uniform Resource Identifier ). They are widely used to identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, research reports, data sets, and official publications . A DOI aims to resolve to its target, the information object to which

1885-491: The indecs Content Model . The official DOI Handbook explicitly states that DOIs should be displayed on screens and in print in the format doi:10.1000/182 . Contrary to the DOI Handbook , Crossref , a major DOI registration agency, recommends displaying a URL (for example, https://doi.org/10.1000/182 ) instead of the officially specified format. This URL is persistent (there is a contract that ensures persistence in

1950-479: The DOI System. It requires an additional layer of administration for defining DOI as a URN namespace (the string urn:doi:10.1000/1 rather than the simpler doi:10.1000/1 ) and an additional step of unnecessary redirection to access the resolution service, already achieved through either http proxy or native resolution. If RDS mechanisms supporting URN specifications become widely available, DOI will be registered as

2015-413: The DOI as a normal hyperlink . Indeed, as previously mentioned, this is how Crossref recommends that DOIs always be represented (preferring HTTPS over HTTP), so that if they are cut-and-pasted into other documents, emails, etc., they will be actionable. Other DOI resolvers and HTTP Proxies include the Handle System and PANGAEA . At the beginning of the year 2016, a new class of alternative DOI resolvers

ENOD40 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2080-497: The DOI refers. This is achieved by binding the DOI to metadata about the object, such as a URL where the object is located. Thus, by being actionable and interoperable , a DOI differs from ISBNs or ISRCs which are identifiers only. The DOI system uses the indecs Content Model to represent metadata . The DOI for a document remains fixed over the lifetime of the document, whereas its location and other metadata may change. Referring to an online document by its DOI should provide

2145-409: The DOI system associates metadata with objects. A small kernel of common metadata is shared by all DOI names and can be optionally extended with other relevant data, which may be public or restricted. Registrants may update the metadata for their DOI names at any time, such as when publication information changes or when an object moves to a different URL. The International DOI Foundation (IDF) oversees

2210-436: The DOI system have deliberately not registered a DOI namespace for URNs , stating that: URN architecture assumes a DNS-based Resolution Discovery Service (RDS) to find the service appropriate to the given URN scheme. However no such widely deployed RDS schemes currently exist.... DOI is not registered as a URN namespace, despite fulfilling all the functional requirements, since URN registration appears to offer no advantage to

2275-459: The DOI system. DOI name-resolution may be used with OpenURL to select the most appropriate among multiple locations for a given object, according to the location of the user making the request. However, despite this ability, the DOI system has drawn criticism from librarians for directing users to non-free copies of documents, that would have been available for no additional fee from alternative locations. The indecs Content Model as used within

2340-495: The IDF on users of the DOI system. The IDF is controlled by a Board elected by the members of the Foundation, with an appointed Managing Agent who is responsible for co-ordinating and planning its activities. Membership is open to all organizations with an interest in electronic publishing and related enabling technologies. The IDF holds annual open meetings on the topics of DOI and related issues. Registration agencies, appointed by

2405-597: The IDF, operates on a not-for-profit cost recovery basis. The DOI system is an international standard developed by the International Organization for Standardization in its technical committee on identification and description, TC46/SC9. The Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 26324, Information and documentation – Digital Object Identifier System met the ISO requirements for approval. The relevant ISO Working Group later submitted an edited version to ISO for distribution as an FDIS (Final Draft International Standard) ballot, which

2470-472: The IDF, provide services to DOI registrants: they allocate DOI prefixes, register DOI names, and provide the necessary infrastructure to allow registrants to declare and maintain metadata and state data. Registration agencies are also expected to actively promote the widespread adoption of the DOI system, to cooperate with the IDF in the development of the DOI system as a whole, and to provide services on behalf of their specific user community. A list of current RAs

2535-459: The characters 1000 in the prefix identify the registrant; in this case the registrant is the International DOI Foundation itself. 182 is the suffix, or item ID, identifying a single object (in this case, the latest version of the DOI Handbook ). DOI names can identify creative works (such as texts, images, audio or video items, and software) in both electronic and physical forms, performances , and abstract works such as licenses, parties to

2600-476: The consensus character at that position. The main, and obvious, advantage of consensus logos over sequence logos is their ability to be embedded as text in any Rich Text Format supporting editor/viewer and, therefore, in scientific manuscripts. As described above, the consensus logo is a cross between sequence logos and consensus sequences . As a result, compared to a sequence logo, the consensus logo omits information (the relative contribution of each character to

2665-567: The conservation of that position in the motif/alignment). Hence, a sequence logo should be used preferentially whenever possible. That being said, the need to include graphic figures in order to display sequence logos has perpetuated the use of consensus sequences in scientific manuscripts, even though they fail to convey information on both conservation and frequency. Consensus logos represent therefore an improvement over consensus sequences whenever motif/alignment information has to be constrained to text. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) not only consider

ENOD40 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2730-603: The conserved multiple sequence alignment . The sequence logo will show how well residues are conserved at each position: the higher the number of residues, the higher the letters will be, because the better the conservation is at that position. Different residues at the same position are scaled according to their frequency. The height of the entire stack of residues is the information measured in bits . Sequence logos can be used to represent conserved DNA binding sites , where transcription factors bind. The information content (y-axis) of position i {\displaystyle i}

2795-467: The contractual obligations of the DOI system and are willing to pay to become a member of the system can assign DOIs. The DOI system is implemented through a federation of registration agencies coordinated by the IDF. By late April 2011 more than 50 million DOI names had been assigned by some 4,000 organizations, and by April 2013 this number had grown to 85 million DOI names assigned through 9,500 organizations. Fake registries have even appeared. A DOI

2860-403: The doi.org domain, ) so it is a PURL —providing the location of an name resolver which will redirect HTTP requests to the correct online location of the linked item. The Crossref recommendation is primarily based on the assumption that the DOI is being displayed without being hyperlinked to its appropriate URL—the argument being that without the hyperlink it is not as easy to copy-and-paste

2925-962: The early nodulin Enod40 in Lotus japonicus" . Mol Plant Microbe Interact . 18 (5): 414–427. doi : 10.1094/MPMI-18-0414 . hdl : 1887/61968 . PMID   15915640 . Röhrig H, John M, Schmidt J (2004). "Modification of soybean sucrose synthase by S-thiolation with ENOD40 peptide A.". Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 325 (3): 864–870. doi : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.100 . hdl : 11858/00-001M-0000-0012-3B5C-C . PMID   15541370 . Dey M, Complainville A, Charon C, Torrizo L, Kondorosi A, Crespi M, Datta S (2004). "Phytohormonal responses in enod40-overexpressing plants of Medicago truncatula and rice". Physiol. Plant . 120 (1): 132–139. doi : 10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0208.x . PMID   15032885 . Compaan B, Ruttink T, Albrecht C, Meeley R, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2003). "Identification and characterization of

2990-768: The early nodulin gene enod40 exhibit accelerated mycorrhizal colonization and enhanced formation of arbuscules" . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 98 (26): 15366–15371. Bibcode : 2001PNAS...9815366S . doi : 10.1073/pnas.251491698 . PMC   65035 . PMID   11752473 . Imaizumi-Anraku H, Kouchi H, Syono K, Akao S, Kawaguchi M (2000). "Analysis of ENOD40 expression in alb1, a symbiotic mutant of Lotus japonicus that forms empty nodules with incompletely developed nodule vascular bundles". Mol Gen Genet . 264 (4): 402–410. doi : 10.1007/s004380000330 . PMID   11129043 . S2CID   10727926 . Sousa C, Johansson C, Charon C, Manyani H, Sautter C, Kondorosi A, Crespi M (2001). "Translational and structural requirements of

3055-1281: The early nodulin gene enod40, a short-open reading frame-containing RNA, for elicitation of a cell-specific growth response in the alfalfa root cortex" . Mol Cell Biol . 21 (1): 354–366. doi : 10.1128/MCB.21.1.354-366.2001 . PMC   88808 . PMID   11113209 . Flemetakis E, Kavroulakis N, Quaedvlieg NE, Spaink HP, Dimou M, Roussis A, Katinakis P (2000). "Lotus japonicus contains two distinct ENOD40 genes that are expressed in symbiotic, nonsymbiotic, and embryonic tissues" . Mol Plant Microbe Interact . 13 (9): 987–994. doi : 10.1094/MPMI.2000.13.9.987 . PMID   10975655 . Charon C, Sousa C, Crespi M, Kondorosi A (1999). "Alteration of enod40 expression modifies medicago truncatula root nodule development induced by sinorhizobium meliloti" . Plant Cell . 11 (10): 1953–1966. doi : 10.1105/tpc.11.10.1953 . PMC   144109 . PMID   10521525 . Kouchi H, Takane K, So RB, Ladha JK, Reddy PM (1999). "Rice ENOD40: isolation and expression analysis in rice and transgenic soybean root nodules" . Plant J . 18 (2): 121–129. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00432.x . PMID   10363365 . Mirabella R, Martirani L, Lamberti A, Iaccarino M, Chiurazzi M (1999). "The soybean ENOD40(2) promoter

3120-627: The early nodulin, ENOD40, in soybean roots in response to various lipo-chitin signal molecules" . Plant J . 10 (1): 23–32. doi : 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1996.10010023.x . PMID   8758977 . Papadopoulou K, Roussis A, Katinakis P (1996). "Phaseolus ENOD40 is involved in symbiotic and non-symbiotic organogenetic processes: expression during nodule and lateral root development". Plant Mol Biol . 30 (3): 403–417. doi : 10.1007/BF00049320 . PMID   8605294 . S2CID   2726636 . Crespi MD, Jurkevitch E, Poiret M, d'Aubenton-Carafa Y, Petrovics G, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A (1994). "enod40,

3185-457: The form 10.NNNN , where NNNN is a number greater than or equal to 1000 , whose limit depends only on the total number of registrants. The prefix may be further subdivided with periods, like 10.NNNN.N . For example, in the DOI name 10.1000/182 , the prefix is 10.1000 and the suffix is 182 . The "10" part of the prefix distinguishes the handle as part of the DOI namespace, as opposed to some other Handle System namespace, and

3250-558: The full URL to actually bring up the page for the DOI, thus the entire URL should be displayed, allowing people viewing the page containing the DOI to copy-and-paste the URL, by hand, into a new window/tab in their browser in order to go to the appropriate page for the document the DOI represents. Major content of the DOI system currently includes: In the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 's publication service OECD iLibrary , each table or graph in an OECD publication

3315-443: The functionality of a registry-controlled scheme and will usually lack accompanying metadata in a controlled scheme. The DOI system does not have this approach and should not be compared directly to such identifier schemes. Various applications using such enabling technologies with added features have been devised that meet some of the features offered by the DOI system for specific sectors (e.g., ARK ). A DOI name does not depend on

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3380-568: The induction of actinorhizal nodules does not involve ENOD40" . Mol Plant Microbe Interact . 16 (9): 808–816. doi : 10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.9.808 . PMID   12971604 . Girard G, Roussis A, Gultyaev AP, Pleij CW, Spaink HP (2003). "Structural motifs in the RNA encoded by the early nodulation gene enod40 of soybean" . Nucleic Acids Res . 31 (17): 5003–5015. doi : 10.1093/nar/gkg721 . PMC   212817 . PMID   12930950 . Larsen K (2003). "Molecular cloning and characterization of

3445-439: The information content of aligned positions in an alignment, but also of insertions and deletions. In an HMM sequence logo used by Pfam , three rows are added to indicate the frequencies of occupancy (presence) and insertion, as well as the expected insertion length. Doi (identifier) A digital object identifier ( DOI ) is a persistent identifier or handle used to uniquely identify various objects, standardized by

3510-537: The integration of these technologies and operation of the system through a technical and social infrastructure. The social infrastructure of a federation of independent registration agencies offering DOI services was modelled on existing successful federated deployments of identifiers such as GS1 and ISBN . A DOI name differs from commonly used Internet pointers to material, such as the Uniform Resource Locator (URL), in that it identifies an object itself as

3575-430: The object to which it is associated (although when the publisher of a journal changes, sometimes all the DOIs will be changed, with the old DOIs no longer working). It also associates metadata with objects, allowing it to provide users with relevant pieces of information about the objects and their relationships. Included as part of this metadata are network actions that allow DOI names to be resolved to web locations where

3640-462: The object's location and, in this way, is similar to a Uniform Resource Name (URN) or PURL but differs from an ordinary URL. URLs are often used as substitute identifiers for documents on the Internet although the same document at two different locations has two URLs. By contrast, persistent identifiers such as DOI names identify objects as first class entities: two instances of the same object would have

3705-454: The objects they describe can be found. To achieve its goals, the DOI system combines the Handle System and the indecs Content Model with a social infrastructure. The Handle System ensures that the DOI name for an object is not based on any changeable attributes of the object such as its physical location or ownership, that the attributes of the object are encoded in its metadata rather than in its DOI name, and that no two objects are assigned

3770-467: The primary purpose of the DOI system is to make a collection of identifiers actionable and interoperable, where that collection can include identifiers from many other controlled collections. The DOI system offers persistent, semantically interoperable resolution to related current data and is best suited to material that will be used in services outside the direct control of the issuing assigner (e.g., public citation or managing content of value). It uses

3835-411: The same DOI name. DOI name resolution is provided through the Handle System , developed by Corporation for National Research Initiatives , and is freely available to any user encountering a DOI name. Resolution redirects the user from a DOI name to one or more pieces of typed data: URLs representing instances of the object, services such as e-mail, or one or more items of metadata. To the Handle System,

3900-537: The same DOI name. Because DOI names are short character strings, they are human-readable, may be copied and pasted as text, and fit into the URI specification. The DOI name-resolution mechanism acts behind the scenes, so that users communicate with it in the same way as with any other web service; it is built on open architectures , incorporates trust mechanisms , and is engineered to operate reliably and flexibly so that it can be adapted to changing demands and new applications of

3965-431: The same thing. Imprecisely referring to a set of schemes as "identifiers" does not mean that they can be compared easily. Other "identifier systems" may be enabling technologies with low barriers to entry, providing an easy to use labeling mechanism that allows anyone to set up a new instance (examples include Persistent Uniform Resource Locator (PURL), URLs, Globally Unique Identifiers (GUIDs), etc.), but may lack some of

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4030-952: The shortest legume ENOD40 gene in Lupinus luteus" . Acta Biochim Pol . 56 (1): 89–102. doi : 10.18388/abp.2009_2520 . PMID   19287803 . Wan X, Hontelez J, Lillo A, Guarnerio C, van de Peut D, Fedorova E, Bisseling T, Franssen H (2007). "Medicago truncatula ENOD40-1 and ENOD40-2 are both involved in nodule initiation and bacteroid development" . J Exp Bot . 58 (8): 2033–2041. doi : 10.1093/jxb/erm072 . PMID   17452749 . Gultyaev AP, Roussis A (2007). "Identification of conserved secondary structures and expansion segments in enod40 RNAs reveals new enod40 homologues in plants" . Nucleic Acids Res . 35 (9): 3144–3152. doi : 10.1093/nar/gkm173 . PMC   1888808 . PMID   17452360 . Murakami Y, Miwa H, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Kouchi H, Downie JA, Kawaguchi M, Kawasaki S (2006). "Positional cloning identifies Lotus japonicus NSP2,

4095-510: Was approved by 100% of those voting in a ballot closing on 15 November 2010. The final standard was published on 23 April 2012. DOI is a registered URI under the info URI scheme specified by IETF RFC   4452 . info:doi/ is the infoURI Namespace of Digital Object Identifiers. The DOI syntax is a NISO standard, first standardized in 2000, ANSI/NISO Z39.84-2005 Syntax for the Digital Object Identifier. The maintainers of

4160-963: Was observed a reduction of cell expansion. See also [ edit ] Non-coding RNA#Bifunctional RNA References [ edit ] ^ Crespi MD, Jurkevitch E, Poiret M, d'Aubenton-Carafa Y, Petrovics G, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A (1994). "enod40, a gene expressed during nodule organogenesis, codes for a non-translatable RNA involved in plant growth" . EMBO J . 13 (21): 5099–5112. doi : 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06839.x . PMC   395456 . PMID   7957074 . ^ Gultyaev AP, Roussis A (2007). "Identification of conserved secondary structures and expansion segments in enod40 RNAs reveals new enod40 homologues in plants" . Nucleic Acids Res . 35 (9): 3144–3152. doi : 10.1093/nar/gkm173 . PMC   1888808 . PMID   17452360 . ^ Yang WC, Katinakis P, Hendriks P, Smolders A, de Vries F, Spee J, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Franssen H (1993). "Characterization of GmENOD40,

4225-614: Was started by http://doai.io. This service is unusual in that it tries to find a non-paywalled (often author archived ) version of a title and redirects the user to that instead of the publisher's version . Since then, other open-access favoring DOI resolvers have been created, notably https://oadoi.org/ in October 2016 (later Unpaywall ). While traditional DOI resolvers solely rely on the Handle System, alternative DOI resolvers first consult open access resources such as BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine). An alternative to HTTP proxies

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