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29-513: [REDACTED] Look up ead in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. EAD may refer to: EAD socket , an obsolete network connection socket Eadem , a Latin term meaning "the same", abbreviated ead. Early afterdepolarization , a type of cardiac dysrhythmia Earlsfield railway station in London, station code EAD Elite athletes with

58-460: A network segment connected to the same electrical section of RG-58 coaxial cable . Intermediate devices were connected via a T piece . The two ends of the segment were terminated with a resistive network terminator . Although these networks were reliable when connected, they were prone to accidental misconnection by non-technical office staff. This was particularly an issue when devices, such as desktop computers, were being added or removed from

87-466: A single twisted pair, known as 10BASE-T1S and 10BASE-T1L , were standardized in IEEE Std 802.3cg-2019. 10BASE-T1S has its origins in the automotive industry and may be useful in other short-distance applications where substantial electrical noise is present. 10BASE-T1L is a long-distance Ethernet, supporting connections up to 1 km in length. Both of these standards are finding applications implementing

116-400: A 15 m single pair is standardized in 802.3ch-2020. In June 2023, 802.3cy added 25 Gb/s speeds at lengths up to 11 m. Similar to PoE, Power over Data Lines (PoDL) can provide up to 50 W to a device. Ethernet over twisted-pair standards up through Gigabit Ethernet define both full-duplex and half-duplex communication. However, half-duplex operation for gigabit speed

145-439: A cable can be used with 10BASE-T. These characteristics are expected to be met by 100 meters of 24- gauge unshielded twisted-pair cable. However, with high-quality cabling, reliable cable runs of 150 meters or longer are often achievable and are considered viable by technicians familiar with the 10BASE-T specification. 100BASE-TX follows the same wiring patterns as 10BASE-T, but is more sensitive to wire quality and length, due to

174-443: A crossover cable. A 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX host uses a connector wiring called medium dependent interfaces (MDI), transmitting on pins 1 and 2 and receiving on pins 3 and 6 to a network device. An infrastructure node (a hub or a switch ) accordingly uses a connector wiring called MDI-X, transmitting on pins 3 and 6 and receiving on pins 1 and 2. These ports are connected using a straight-through cable so each transmitter talks to

203-558: A disability , a term to describe athletes taking part in disabled sports Emergency airworthiness directive , issued when an unsafe condition exists that requires immediate action by an aircraft owner or operator Employment authorization document , in the United States Encoded Archival Description , an archival data standard Engin Altan Düzyatan , a Turkish actor Environment Agency Abu Dhabi ,

232-417: A government agency Equivalent air depth , a way of approximating decompression requirements European AIS Database , an aviation database Exposure at default , a measure of risk used in banking regulation Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development , a defunct division of Nintendo Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

261-536: A minimum of category 5 cable and also specify a maximum cable length of 100 metres (330 ft). Category 5 cable has since been deprecated and new installations use Category 5e. 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX require only two pairs (pins 1–2, 3–6) to operate. Since common Category 5 cable has four pairs, it is possible to use the spare pairs (pins 4–5, 7–8) in 10- and 100-Mbit/s configurations for other purposes. The spare pairs may be used for power over Ethernet (PoE), for two plain old telephone service (POTS) lines, or for

290-667: A second 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX connection. In practice, great care must be taken to separate these pairs as 10/100-Mbit/s Ethernet equipment electrically terminates the unused pins ("Bob Smith Termination"). Shared cable is not an option for Gigabit Ethernet as 1000BASE-T requires all four pairs to operate. In addition to the more computer-oriented two and four-pair variants, the 10BASE-T1 , 100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1 single-pair Ethernet (SPE) physical layers are intended for industrial and automotive applications or as optional data channels in other interconnect applications. The distances that single pair operates at full duplex depends on

319-423: A straight-through cable. Thus connecting an end host to a hub or switch requires a straight-through cable. Some older switches and hubs provided a button to allow a port to act as either a normal (regular) or an uplink port, i.e. using MDI-X or MDI pinout, respectively. Many modern Ethernet host adapters can automatically detect another computer connected with a straight-through cable and then automatically introduce

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348-558: Is not supported by any existing hardware. Higher speed standards, 2.5GBASE-T up to 40GBASE-T running at 2.5 to 40 Gbit/s, consequently define only full-duplex point-to-point links which are generally connected by network switches , and do not support the traditional shared-medium CSMA/CD operation. Many different modes of operations (10BASE-T half-duplex, 10BASE-T full-duplex, 100BASE-TX half-duplex, etc.) exist for Ethernet over twisted pair , and most network adapters are capable of different modes of operation. Autonegotiation

377-463: Is required in order to make a working 1000BASE-T connection. When two linked interfaces are set to different duplex modes, the effect of this duplex mismatch is a network that functions much more slowly than its nominal speed. Duplex mismatch may be inadvertently caused when an administrator configures an interface to a fixed mode (e.g. 100 Mbit/s full-duplex) and fails to configure the remote interface, leaving it set to autonegotiate. Then, when

406-451: The crossover form (receive to transmit and transmit to receive) may still be required. Cables for Ethernet may be wired to either the T568A or T568B termination standards at both ends of the cable. Since these standards differ only in that they swap the positions of the two pairs used for transmitting and receiving, a cable with T568A wiring at one end and T568B wiring at the other results in

435-463: The Internet of things . 10BASE-T1S is a direct competitor of CAN XL in the automotive space and includes a PHY-Level Collision Avoidance scheme (PLCA). The earlier standards use 8P8C modular connectors , and supported cable standards range from Category 3 to Category 8 . These cables typically have four pairs of wires for each connection, although early Ethernet used only two of the pairs. Unlike

464-539: The physical layer of an Ethernet computer network. They are a subset of all Ethernet physical layers . Early Ethernet used various grades of coaxial cable , but in 1984, StarLAN showed the potential of simple unshielded twisted pair . This led to the development of 10BASE-T and its successors 100BASE-TX , 1000BASE-T , 10GBASE-T and 40GBASE-T , supporting speeds of 10 and 100  megabit per second , then 1, 10 and 40 gigabit per second respectively. Two new variants of 10 megabit per second Ethernet over

493-437: The 10BASE-T standard (published in 1990 as IEEE 802.3i) and used different signaling, so they were not directly compatible with it. In 1988, AT&T released StarLAN 10, named for working at 10 Mbit/s. The StarLAN 10 signaling was used as the basis of 10BASE-T, with the addition of link beat to quickly indicate connection status. Using twisted-pair cabling in a star topology addressed several weaknesses of

522-600: The BNC end. The contacts of an EAD outlet are closed if no connector is plugged in. When a cable is plugged in, the normally-closed contacts in the socket are opened so that signals pass through the loop cable. Worn out connectors or outlets can cause the same problems that haunted the simpler connectors but user errors are largely reduced. This computer networking article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ethernet over twisted pair Ethernet over twisted-pair technologies use twisted-pair cables for

551-585: The earlier -T standards, the -T1 interfaces were designed to operate over a single pair of conductors and introduce the use of two new connectors referred to as IEC 63171-1 and IEC 63171-6. The first two early designs of twisted-pair networking were StarLAN , standardized by the IEEE Standards Association as IEEE 802.3e in 1986, at one megabit per second, and LattisNet , developed in January 1987, at 10 megabit per second. Both were developed before

580-465: The exact type of wiring to be used but instead specifies certain characteristics that a cable must meet. This was done in anticipation of using 10BASE-T in existing twisted-pair wiring systems that did not conform to any specified wiring standard. Some of the specified characteristics are attenuation , characteristic impedance , propagation delay , and several types of crosstalk . Cable testers are widely available to check these parameters to determine if

609-515: The higher bit rates . 1000BASE-T uses all four pairs bi-directionally using hybrid circuits and cancellers . Data is encoded using 4D-PAM5; four dimensions using pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) with five voltages , −2 V, −1 V, 0 V, +1 V, and +2 V. While +2 V to −2 V may appear at the pins of the line driver, the voltage on the cable is nominally +1 V, +0.5 V, 0 V, −0.5 V and −1 V. 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T were both designed to require

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638-463: The mid 1990s, in favour of Ethernet over twisted pair , EAD sockets became obsolete. It was developed from TAE connectors for telephony applications but were intended for connecting coaxial network cables like 10BASE2. A different mechanical encoding (Type E ) prevented mix-up with phone plugs. EAD cables were duplex connections replacing two thin-wire cables, with the T-connector integrated into

667-464: The network. Although a rare need at this time, the situation was even worse for portable laptops. To avoid some of the drawbacks with 10BASE2 over BNC connectors , the EAD socket was one of several alternatives developed to give an "office friendly" network connector that could easily be connected and disconnected, and avoided the risk of making misconnections. With the obsolescence of 10BASE2 networks, from

696-565: The physical media. The leading number ( 10 in 10BASE-T) refers to the transmission speed in Mbit/s. BASE denotes that baseband transmission is used. The T designates twisted-pair cable. Where there are several standards for the same transmission speed , they are distinguished by a letter or digit following the T, such as TX or T4 , referring to the encoding method and number of lanes. Most Ethernet cables are wired straight-through (pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, and so on). In some instances,

725-422: The previous Ethernet standards: Although 10BASE-T is rarely used as a normal-operation signaling rate today, it is still in wide use with network interface controllers in wake-on-LAN power-down mode and for special, low-power, low-bandwidth applications. 10BASE-T is still supported on most twisted-pair Ethernet ports with up to Gigabit Ethernet speed. The common names for the standards derive from aspects of

754-495: The receiver on the other end of the cable. Nodes can have two types of ports: MDI (uplink port) or MDI-X (regular port, 'X' for internal crossover). Hubs and switches have regular ports. Routers, servers and end hosts (e.g. personal computers ) have uplink ports. When two nodes having the same type of ports need to be connected, a crossover cable may be required, especially for older equipment. Connecting nodes having different types of ports (i.e., MDI to MDI-X and vice versa) requires

783-738: The required crossover if needed; if neither of the adapters has this capability, then a crossover cable is required. Most newer switches have auto MDI-X on all ports allowing all connections to be made with straight-through cables. If both devices being connected support 1000BASE-T according to the standards, they will connect regardless of whether a straight-through or crossover cable is used. A 10BASE-T transmitter sends two differential voltages, +2.5 V or −2.5 V. A 100BASE-TX transmitter sends three differential voltages, +1 V, 0 V, or −1 V. Unlike earlier Ethernet standards using broadband and coaxial cable , such as 10BASE5 (thicknet) and 10BASE2 (thinnet), 10BASE-T does not specify

812-462: The speed: 1000m (1km) with 802.3cg-2019 10BASE-T1L; 15 m or 49 ft with 100BASE-T1 (link segment type A); up to 40 m or 130 ft using 1000BASE-T1 link segment type B with up to four in-line connectors. Both physical layers require a balanced twisted pair with an impedance of 100 Ω. The cable must be capable of transmitting 600 MHz for 1000BASE-T1 and 66 MHz for 100BASE-T1. 2.5 Gb/s, 5 Gb/s, and 10 Gb/s over

841-588: The title EAD . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EAD&oldid=1035985189 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Latin-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages EAD socket Ethernet networking of this period (mid 1980s to mid 1990s) used "thin coax" or 10BASE2 . All devices on

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