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32-470: E175 may refer to: Edible gold , a food additive coded E 175 in the Codex Alimentarius standards The Embraer E175 jet aircraft [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

64-562: A "public consultation on transparency in relation to risk assessments conducted by EFSA," it was evident that consumers wanted enhanced public access "to EFSA evaluations and documents." Chearnaigh concludes that the public's demands for direct transparency from the EFSA resulted in the creation of Regulation (EU) No. 2019/1381. This legal document outlines the importance of inclusive communication regarding chemical risk assessment to all parties involved: both government bodies and citizens. Residents of

96-462: A variety of medicines using few quantities of edible gold in the form of pills or gold powder. From the Modern age – and until the twentieth century – gold was associated with medicines. It was common to find the application of some piece of gold in articulated and expensive drugs, using little pills or powder inside the medicine, or as a supplement for food to refill minerals in the human body. Gold

128-563: Is EFSA's legal representative and is responsible for day-to-day administration, drafting and implementing work programmes, and implementing other decisions adopted by the Management Board. They are appointed by the Management Board. The Advisory Forum advises the Executive Director, in particular in drafting a proposal for the EFSA's work programmes. It is composed of representatives of national bodies responsible for risk assessment in

160-492: Is a particularly non-reactive element and is not absorbed during the digestion process , so it is safe to eat. However, there are no nutritional or health benefits associated with its consumption. Purity of edible gold must be 23–24 karats , above that used in typical jewelry, which may contain other metals and can be toxic if consumed. The effects and safety of E 175 were first evaluated in 1975 and recently re-evaluated in 2016 by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) when using

192-683: Is added during the bottling of wines and liqueurs and it is generally mixed during cocktails' preparation. More recently, gold leaves have been used to garnish steak and hamburgers: Hard Rock Café's "24-Karat Gold Leaf Steak Burger" was sold in USA for $ 7 extra than the one without the metallic garnish. Salt Bae , the chef owner of the Nusr-Et restaurants chain, includes in his menu a steak entirely covered by gold, sold at €650 in Greece . Spread through social media has been linked with rising demand for edible gold in

224-576: Is considered a sports food supplement, also known as an ergogenic aid. Some popular examples of sports food supplements include protein powder/bars, creatine , and electrolyte beverages. Similar to the established food laws, the European Union has laws in place to ensure that sports supplements do not mislead consumers with false information. In an analytical assessment article, it states that supplement labels and advertisements often make false health claims, and about 70% of athletes are heavily influenced by

256-674: Is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain . EFSA was established in February 2002, is based in Parma , Italy, and for 2021 it has a budget of €118.6 million, and a total staff of 542. The work of EFSA covers all matters with a direct or indirect impact on food and feed safety, including animal health and welfare , plant protection and plant health and nutrition . EFSA supports

288-566: The European Commission , the European Parliament and EU member states in taking effective and timely risk management decisions that ensure the protection of the health of European consumers and the safety of the food and feed chain. EFSA also communicates to the public in an open and transparent way on all matters within its remit. Based on a regulation of 2002, the EFSA is composed of four bodies: The Management Board sets

320-592: The European Court of Auditors in 2012, for "frequent conflicts of interests ", some of them undeclared. A number of undisclosed conflicts of interest involved the International Life Sciences Institute . According to Corporate Europe Observatory , in 2013, 58% of the experts of the agency were in situation of conflict of interests . In 2017, they were still 46% in situation of conflict of interests. EFSA has also been criticised by

352-463: The 21st century. As a consequence, conspicuous consumption of luxury became the driver of edible gold consumption and its dissemination in almost every region of the world today. In 2023, the Muslim Board of Uzbekistan issued a fatwa on the inadmissibility of edible gold offered in the country's restaurants. European Food Safety Authority The European Food Safety Authority ( EFSA )

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384-507: The EFSA Focal Point network: The following countries' national food safety authorities are observers of the EFSA Focal Point network: The EFSA is responsible for maintaining the safety of all food-related items to ensure the public health of all European Union residents and citizens. This includes meat processing, pesticide residue, vitamins, and other supplements. Any substance used to benefit an athletic performance or fitness goal

416-663: The EFSA is an independent agency but overseen by representatives of the European Commission and Council of the European Union, the EFSA must abide by the transparency policy. According to author Blánaid Ní Chearnaigh, prior to 2018, only some EFSA documents were accessible to the public, such as risk assessments for specific chemicals. These risk assessments were detailed scientific reports that analyzed chemicals' safety levels and potential risk for causing harm, such as cancer. They were difficult to understand and poorly formatted, which frustrated consumers. She articulates that during

448-495: The European Commission at EFSA's request. The independent scientific experts are appointed by the Management Board upon a proposal from the Executive Director for three-year terms. Public transparency is the practice of informing citizens of all governmental action, and providing public access to government documents. It enables democratic accountability, meaning that citizens can hold the government accountable for doing its job to protect them. Transparency increases citizens' trust in

480-541: The European Union want to feel confident that their government will protect them from all potential health hazards and prioritize consumers' needs, and through transparency, the EFSA can provide that confidence. As stated by Hanna Schebesta and Kai Purnhagen, the authors of EU Food Law , the EFSA contributes to a public Food Additives list posted by the European Commission that catalogs all food-related chemicals and relevant information for each of them. This additional information includes specific conditions for use, food items

512-575: The FICR handles more of the legislative side of these transparency policies, the EFSA is consulted because the overall public health is involved. Both the EFSA and FICR ensure that all packaging of food available in the European Union includes the following aspects: an ingredient list and the amount of specific ingredients, food name, the date, allergens, total quantity, place of origin, food business operator information, nutrition information, alcoholic content (if applicable), and directions for how to store and use

544-515: The Member States, with observers from Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and the European Commission. The Scientific Committee and its Scientific Panels provide scientific opinions and advice, each within their own sphere of competence, and are composed of independent scientific experts. The number and names of the Scientific Panels are adapted in the light of technical and scientific development by

576-514: The NGO CHEM Trust for misrepresenting the results of their expert committee's report on bisphenol A (BPA) in January 2015. EFSA claimed in the abstract, press release and briefing that bisphenol A 'posed no risk' to health, when the expert report actually stated the risk was 'low' when considering aggregate exposure (beyond just food). EFSA later modified the abstract to correct this error, though

608-463: The advertised benefits. In other words, manufacturers advertise gains of using their products, such as increased endurance, knowing that it will increase sales without having any scientific evidence to prove the posted benefits. The EU prevents false health benefit claims through tasking the EFSA with fact-checking advertised health statements, such as a supplement increasing endurance. Both the EFSA and other research organizations "have previously studied

640-412: The body. It is believed that Cleopatra had body treatments with gold every night, such as having baths with gold and using a face mask of pure gold. Ancient Egyptians were not the only ones to use gold as a decorative food and beverage garnish; it could also be found in the eastern countries such as Japan, China and India, mostly for medicine as made by court physicians. Edible gold was famous among

672-510: The budget, approves work programmes, and is responsible for ensuring that EFSA co-operates successfully with partner organisations across the EU and beyond. It is composed of fourteen members appointed by the Council of the European Union in consultation with the European Parliament from a list drawn up by the European Commission , plus one representative of the European Commission. The Executive Director

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704-791: The characteristics of the different substances added or isolated in supplements, as well as the safety of their consumption." The EFSA and European Commission then both assess whether advertised statements are true or false based on the EFSA's scientific data. The scientific output of the European Food Safety Authority is published in the EFSA Journal , an open-access , online scientific journal . This concerns risk assessment in relation to food and feed and includes nutrition, animal health and welfare, plant health and plant protection. The EFSA has been criticised for its alleged "overregulation". The EFSA has been criticised, including by

736-469: The chemical may be found in, and restrictions on the amount that can be used. Transparency also applies to how food is presented to consumers, such as through packaging and advertisements. The EFSA works alongside the Food Information to Consumers Regulation (FICR), a separate agency, to enforce that all food information given to the public is easy to understand, and more importantly, accurate. Although

768-514: The courts of the kings of European countries in the Middle Ages , implemented as food decoration and as symbol of extreme luxury and prestige among vassals and courtiers . Ancient court physicians believed that gold helped with arthritis and other body problems such as sore limbs. During the Renaissance , Paracelsus (1493–1541) – considered the founder of the modern pharmacology – developed

800-399: The dishes and beverages in which edible gold is implemented there are cakes and sweet desserts, soups, pastas, risottos, sushi, cocktails and wines. Since it is used as tasteless garnish, edible gold is usually the ingredient at the top of the dish at direct contact with food. In most of the recipes requiring gold in flakes or dust, it is usually dabbed with a knife or sprinkled on the top. Gold

832-545: The government and keeps them well-informed. Transparency is a fundamental value in the European Union , as stated in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The European Commission declares that all European Union citizens/residents have the freedom of information, which entitles them to have access to all governmental documents from the European Commission, European Parliament , and European Council . Since

864-593: The item. The EFSA cooperates with the national food safety authorities of the 27 EU member states, Iceland and Norway, as well as observers from Switzerland and EU candidate countries, through its Focal Points, who also communicate with research institutes and other stakeholders. They "assist in the exchange of scientific information and experts, advise on cooperation activities and scientific projects, promote training in risk assessment and raise EFSA's scientific visibility and outreach in Member States." The following countries' national food safety authorities are members of

896-408: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E175&oldid=1155637075 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Edible gold Edible gold must fulfill

928-411: The metal as an additive or food coloring . The agency has authorized the use of gold as food additive at quantum satis in the external coating of confectionery, decoration of chocolates and in liqueurs. Nevertheless, it states that: the specifications for gold ( E 17 5) should include the mean particle size and particle size distribution (± SD), as well as the percentage (in number) of particles in

960-584: The nanoscale (with at least one dimension below 100 nm ), present in the powder form of gold ( E 175 ). The methodology applied should comply with the EFSA Guidance document. Exposure estimates of gold ( E 175 ) reached up to 1.32 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day in the maximum level exposure assessment scenario and up to 0.33 µg/kg bw/day in the refined, non-brand-loyal, exposure scenario. Edible gold can be used in mainly three different shapes to garnish foods and beverages: leaf-shaped, in flakes or in powder. Among

992-569: The purpose) or smashed in powder. Edible gold has been used since ancient times and can be found in many regions of the world and in different ages. The earliest evidence of the use of edible gold is among the ancient Egyptians, almost 5000 years ago, where the use of gold was well-known in many fields. The Egyptians used the gold for mental, bodily and spiritual purification because they believed it to have divine effects. The alchemists of Alexandria developed various medicines and elixirs with drinkable gold, which they believed restored and rejuvenated

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1024-424: The specifications from the applicable food safety standards. It has to be pure, to avoid any type of infections or perils for the body. Gold usually undergoes one of these processes: it could be hammered, or pounded and rolled, or just a leaf or powder. In the first case, the gold needs to reach the measure of about 1/8000 of a millimeter thick, in the second one it could be used as a normal leaf (the measure depends on

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