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47-453: Dykes , Dyke or Dikes may refer to: People [ edit ] Dyke (slang) , used as a noun meaning lesbian or used as an adjective to describe things associated with lesbians Dykes Potter (1910–2002), American baseball player Dykes (surname) Places [ edit ] Dykes, Missouri See also [ edit ] Dikes, diagonal pliers , also called side-cutting pliers,

94-417: A "false man". Further speculation talks of the synonymous term bulldagger. Here, dagger also alludes to the male genitalia and bull referring to "false" rather than "man". In 1969, people in the gay community began to march in the streets to demand civil rights . Terms such as dyke and faggot were used to identify people as political activists for the gay community. During this time, dyke referred to

141-470: A hand tool used by electricians and others Dykes on Bikes , a group of motorcyclists Dykes, Camera, Action! , a documentary of 2018 Dykes & Gorgons , a lesbian magazine of the 1970s Dykes to Watch Out For , a comic strip Dyke (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Dykes . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

188-540: A night on the town. The etymology of that term is also obscure, but may have originated as a Virginian variant of deck and decked out . In the 1950s, the word dyke was used as a derogatory term for lesbians by straight people, but was also used by lesbians of higher social status to identify crude, rough-bar lesbians. In a 1970 study, Julia Stanley theorized that the source of these varying definitions stems from gender-determined sub-dialects. Homosexuality in America

235-413: A penis. A female spotted hyena's apparent penis is in fact an enlarged clitoris, which contains an external birth canal. It can be difficult to determine the sex of spotted hyenas until sexual maturity , when they may become pregnant. When a female spotted hyena gives birth, she passes the cub through the cervix internally, but then passes it out through the elongated clitoris. The term hermaphrodite

282-472: A sequential hermaphrodite is also stipulated to only change sex once. ) This contrasts with simultaneous hermaphrodites, in which an individual possesses fully functional male and female genitalia. Sequential hermaphroditism is common in fish (particularly teleost fish) and many gastropods (such as the common slipper shell ). Sequential hermaphroditism can best be understood in terms of behavioral ecology and evolutionary life history theory , as described in

329-482: A simple, generic term for all lesbians. This abbreviation does not carry the negative connotations of the full phrase as it previously did. Scholar Paula Blank, in a 2011 article on lesbian etymology, called for taking ownership of lesbian and similar words. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the term dyke was claimed by many lesbians as a term of pride and empowerment. Alison Bechdel , author of comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For (1983–2008), said use of

376-423: A synonym for lesbian . The etymology of bulldyke is also obscure. It may be related to the late-19th-century slang use of dike ("ditch") for the vulva . Bull ("male cattle") being used in the sense of "masculine" and "aggressive" (e.g., in bullish ), a bulldyke would have implied (with similar levels of offensiveness) a "masculine cunt ". Other theories include that bulldyke derived from morphodite ,

423-541: A trademark for its name, on the grounds dyke was offensive, derogatory and disparaging to lesbians. However, the office reversed itself and permitted the group to register its name after attorneys appealed and submitted hundreds of pages to show the slang word does not disparage lesbians in the way it once did. On December 8, 2005, Dykes on Bikes won the trademark case, and the organization has since gained international recognition for leading gay pride parades from San Francisco to Sydney . In June 2017, Facebook censored

470-418: A variant of hermaphrodite ; that it was a term for stud bulls and originally applied to sexually successful men; or that it was a dialectical corruption of the name of the rebel Celtic queen Boadicea . From the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, dike had been American slang for a well-dressed man, with "diked out" and "out on a dike" indicating a young man was in his best clothes and ready for

517-499: A woman committed to revolution, the most radical position. A surge of feminism in the lesbian community led to " dyke separatism ", which emphasized that lesbian women should consider themselves to be separate from men, their ideas and movements. In 1971, the poem The Psychoanalysis of Edward the Dyke by Judy Grahn was published by the Women's Press Collective. This use of dyke empowered

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564-414: Is also found in some fish species , but is rare in other vertebrate groups. Most hermaphroditic species exhibit some degree of self-fertilization. The distribution of self-fertilization rates among animals is similar to that of plants, suggesting that similar pressures are operating to direct the evolution of selfing in animals and plants. A rough estimate of the number of hermaphroditic animal species

611-444: Is 65,000, about 5% of all animal species, or 33% excluding insects. Insects are almost exclusively gonochoric, and no definitive cases of hermaphroditism have been demonstrated in this group. There are no known hermaphroditic species among mammals or birds . About 94% of flowering plant species are either hermaphroditic (all flowers produce both male and female gametes) or monoecious , where both male and female flowers occur on

658-410: Is a "subculture with its own language." As such, a special vocabulary is developed by its members. Previously, gay men defined dyke as lesbian without derogation. A bull dyke was also defined as a lesbian without further distinction. For lesbians of the community, however, a dyke is an extremely masculine, easily identified lesbian, given to indiscretion. Bull dyke is an extension of this term, with

705-805: Is both male and female. And an hermaphrodite (which is also called Androgynus ) shall be heire, either as male or female, according to that kind of sexe which doth prevaile." During the Victorian era , medical authors attempted to ascertain whether or not humans could be hermaphrodites, adopting a precise biological definition to the term. From that period until the early 21st century, individuals with ovotesticular syndrome were termed true hermaphrodites if their gonadal tissue contained both testicular and ovarian tissue, and pseudohermaphrodites if their external appearance ( phenotype ) differed from sex expected from internal gonads. This language has fallen out of favor due to misconceptions and stigma associated with

752-434: Is common in bryophytes and some vascular plants. Historically, the term hermaphrodite was used in law to refer to people whose sex was in doubt. The 12th-century Decretum Gratiani states that "Whether an hermaphrodite may witness a testament, depends on which sex prevails" ("Hermafroditus an ad testamentum adhiberi possit, qualitas sexus incalescentis ostendit."). Alexander ab Alexandro (1461–1523) stated, using

799-520: Is derived from bulldyke , which has a similar meaning. The term first appears in an August 1921 article in the journal Medical Review of Reviews titled "The 'Fairy' and the Lady Lover". In this article, Perry M. Lichtenstein, a prison physician in New York City, reports on the case of a female prisoner he examined: "She stated that she had indulged in the practice of 'bull diking,' as she termed it. She

846-422: Is not to be confused with ovotesticular syndrome in mammals, which is a separate and unrelated phenomenon. While people with the condition were previously called " true hermaphrodites" in medical literature, this usage is now considered to be outdated as of 2006 and misleading, as people with ovotesticular syndrome do not have functional sets of both male and female organs. The term hermaphrodite derives from

893-478: Is some evidence that this trend may be reversing in some regions, with an increased number of lesbian bars opening in the United States since 2023. Hermaphrodite A hermaphrodite ( / h ər ˈ m æ f r ə ˌ d aɪ t / ) is a sexually reproducing organism that produces both male and female gametes . Animal species in which individuals are either male or female are gonochoric , which

940-409: Is the opposite of hermaphroditic. The individuals of many taxonomic groups of animals , primarily invertebrates, are hermaphrodites, capable of producing viable gametes of both sexes . In the great majority of tunicates , mollusks , and earthworms , hermaphroditism is a normal condition, enabling a form of sexual reproduction in which either partner can act as the female or male. Hermaphroditism

987-544: Is used in botany to describe, for example, a perfect flower that has both staminate (male, pollen-producing) and carpellate (female, ovule-producing) parts. The overwhelming majority of flowering plant species are hermaphroditic. Flowering plant species with separate, imperfect, male and female flowers on the same individual are called monoecious . Monoecy only occurs in about 7% of flowering plant species. Monoecious plants are often referred to as hermaphroditic because they produce both male and female gametes. However,

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1034-506: The Latin : hermaphroditus , from Ancient Greek : ἑρμαφρόδιτος , romanized :  hermaphroditos , which derives from Hermaphroditus (Ἑρμαφρόδιτος), the son of Hermes and Aphrodite in Greek mythology . According to Ovid , he fused with the nymph Salmacis resulting in one individual possessing physical traits of male and female sexes. According to the earlier Diodorus Siculus , he

1081-446: The leather community, who use the term leatherdyke as the counterpart to the gay male "leatherman." For example, in the 1995 documentary BloodSisters , which is about the leatherdyke community, one of the interview subjects says, "I don't want to be called a lesbian, I'm not a lesbian. . . I'm a dyke. And for me, that's a real power word. It's a source of pride, and strength, and it has history for me." Because of its association with

1128-581: The sexual differentiation stage; however, this is now known to be incorrect, as humans are simply undifferentiated before this stage and possess a paramesonephric duct , a mesonephric duct , and a genital tubercle . The evolution of anisogamy may have contributed to the evolution of simultaneous hermaphroditism and sequential hermaphroditism, it remains unclear if the evolution of anisogamy first led to hermaphroditism or gonochorism . A 2023 study argued that hermaphroditism can evolve directly from mating types under certain circumstances, such as if

1175-514: The Boston Dyke March, for example, is "to provide a dynamic and welcoming space for participants of all sexualities, genders, races, ages, ethnicities, sizes, economic backgrounds, and physical abilities." Marches also take place in several European cities. The United Kingdom's first Dyke March was held in London in 2012. In Germany, the annual Dyke March Berlin was established in 2013. In Mexico,

1222-618: The Marcha Lésbica (Lesbian March) was founded in March 2003 and is held biannually in Mexico City. A dyke bar is any bar or club frequented by lesbians, and is considered as slang in the vocabulary of the LGBTQ community. The existence of official dyke bars, or lesbian bars, in the United States has decreased tremendously in the past 40 years. In the 1980s there were around 202 lesbian bars, in 2021

1269-479: The addition of this person described as nasty, obnoxiously aggressive, and overly demonstrative of her hatred of men. In 1995, Susan Krantz discussed the etymology of bulldyke , with derivations of the Middle English "falsehood" for bull and dick for dyke (Farmer and Henley 1891). Therefore, a possible origin for a masculine lesbian comes from bulldicker that could specifically mean "fake penis", denoting

1316-574: The adults take several years to change from female to male, the broodstock are extremely valuable individuals. Simultaneous hermaphrodites (or homogamous hermaphrodites) are individuals in which both male and female sexual organs are present and functional at the same time. Self-fertilization often occurs. When spotted hyenas were first scientifically observed by explorers, they were thought to be hermaphrodites. Early observations of wild spotted hyenas led researchers to believe that all spotted hyenas, male or female, were born with what looked to be

1363-439: The fertilization is well organized and the average size of groups is small. Simultaneous hermaphroditism that exclusively reproduces through self-fertilization has evolved many times in plants and animals, but it might not last long evolutionarily. Joan Roughgarden and Priya Iyer argued that the last common ancestor for animals was hermaphroditic and that transitions from hermaphroditism to gonochorism were more numerous than

1410-431: The growth of ovarian tissues ). Thus, testicular and ovarian tissues will both be present in the same individual. Of all total recorded cases of ovotesticular DSD, in only 8% percent of all cases was SRY present, leaving the rest of cases that could be explained to other or less common causes, with the vast majority simply being currently unexplainable. Fetuses were previously thought to be phenotypically female before

1457-553: The individual flowers are not hermaphroditic if they only produce gametes of one sex. 65% of gymnosperm species are dioecious, but conifers are almost all monoecious. Some plants can change their sex throughout their lifetime, a phenomenon called sequential hermaphroditism . In andromonoecious species, the plants produce perfect (hermaphrodite) flowers and separate fertile male flowers that are sterile as female. Andromonoecy occurs in about 4000 species of flowering plants (2% of flowering plants). In gynomonoecious species,

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1504-488: The leather community, some may choose to use the term dyke, rather than lesbian, to indicate a position in the feminist sex wars . In her 2011 article The Only Dykey One , Lucy Jones argues that consideration of lesbian culture is core to an understanding of lesbian identity construction. Matters came to a head when the United States Patent and Trademark Office denied the lesbian motorcycle group Dykes on Bikes

1551-400: The lesbian community because heretofore it had only been employed as a condemnation. Because of the exposure of the word to the public, the term dyke was reclaimed by the lesbian community in the 1970s. The meaning of dyke has positively changed over time. Most members of the community have dropped bull from the term to use it as a positive identifier of one who displays toughness, or as

1598-478: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dykes&oldid=1144000521 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Dyke (slang) The origin of the term dyke is obscure and many theories have been proposed. Most etymologies assert that dyke

1645-456: The number was thought to be at 16. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the closing of dyke bars, with the lack of business preventing bar owners from paying rent, exacerbating an already existing decline in lesbian spaces. The Lesbian Bar Project is an ongoing film and documentation project created by filmmakers Erica Rose and Elina Street in 2020 to document the country's remaining lesbian bars; it has since expanded to Europe. However, there

1692-513: The plants produce hermaphrodite flowers and separate male-sterile pistillate flowers. One example is the meadow saxifrage, Saxifraga granulata . Charles Darwin gave several other examples in his 1877 book "The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species". About 57% of moss species and 68% of liverworts are unisexual , meaning that their gametophytes produce either male or female gametes, but not both. Sequential hermaphroditism

1739-474: The result of an atypical set of sex chromosomes. One common cause of variations in sex characteristics traits is the crossing over of the testis-determining factor (SRY) from the Y chromosome to the X chromosome during meiosis . The SRY is then activated in only certain areas, causing development of testes in some areas by beginning a series of events starting with the upregulation of the transcription factor (SOX9), and in other areas not being active (causing

1786-487: The reverse. Other scientists have criticized this argument; saying it’s based on paraphyletic Spiralia , assignments of sexual modes for the phylum level than the species level, and methods exclusively based on maximum parsimony . Hermaphroditism is polyphyletic in invertebrates where it evolved from gonochorism and gonochorism is also ancestral to hermaphroditic fishes. According to Nelson Çabej simultaneous hermaphroditism in animals most likely evolved due to

1833-442: The same plant. There are also mixed breeding systems , in both plants and animals, where hermaphrodite individuals coexist with males (called androdioecy ) or with females (called gynodioecy ), or all three exist in the same species (called trioecy ). Sometimes, both male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on the same plant ( andromonoecy ) or both female and hermaphrodite flowers occur on the same plant ( gynomonoecy ). Hermaphrodism

1880-568: The size-advantage mode first proposed by Michael T. Ghiselin which states that if an individual of a certain sex could significantly increase its reproductive success after reaching a certain size, it would be to their advantage to switch to that sex. Sequential hermaphrodites can be divided into three broad categories: Dichogamy can have both conservation-related implications for humans, as mentioned above, as well as economic implications. For instance, groupers are favoured fish for eating in many Asian countries and are often aquacultured . Since

1927-631: The term hermaphrodite, that the people who bore the sexes of both man and woman were regarded by the Athenians and the Romans as monsters, and thrown into the sea at Athens and into the Tiber at Rome. Similarly, the 17th-century English jurist and judge Edward Coke (Lord Coke), wrote in his Institutes of the Lawes of England on laws of succession stating, "Every heire is either a male, a female, or an hermaphrodite, that

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1974-407: The term was "linguistic activism". The strip depicts the lives of a lesbian community and is one of the earliest representations of lesbians in popular culture . It has been described "as important to new generations of lesbians as landmark novels like Rita Mae Brown 's Rubyfruit Jungle (1973) and Lisa Alther 's Kinflicks (1976) were to an earlier one." The term dyke is also important in

2021-505: The terminology " disorders of sex development " (also known as variations in sex characteristics .) This is particularly significant because of the relationship between medical terminology and medical intervention. Intersex civil society organizations , and many human rights institutions, have criticized medical interventions designed to make bodies more typically male or female. In some cases, variations in sex characteristics are caused by unusual levels of sex hormones, which may be

2068-399: The terms, and also a shift to nomenclature based on genetics. The term "intersex" described a wide variety of combinations of what are ambiguous biological characteristics. Intersex biology may include, for example, ambiguous-looking external genitalia, karyotypes that include mixed XX and XY chromosome pairs (46XX/46XY, 46XX/47XXY or 45X/XY mosaic ). Clinically, medicine currently uses

2115-536: The use of the word "dyke" on its website as "abusive content". This decision resulted in a Change.org protest petition created by the Listening 2 Lesbians collective that was signed by 7,247 supporters. Dyke Marches have become popular gay pride events nationwide in the United States and Canada. They are generally non-commercial, in sharp contrast to corporate-sponsored pride events, and some are participated in by bisexual and trans women . The stated mission of

2162-570: Was a prisoner in one of the reformatories, and there a certain young woman fell in love with her." The forms bulldyker and bulldyking also appear later on in the Harlem Renaissance novels of the late 1920s, including Eric D. Walrond 's 1926 Tropic Death , Carl van Vechten 's 1926 Nigger Heaven , and Claude McKay 's 1928 Home to Harlem . The Oxford English Dictionary notes the first attestation as Berrey and Van den Bark's 1942 American Thesaurus of Slang , which lists bulldiker as

2209-508: Was born with a physical body combining male and female sexes. The word hermaphrodite entered the English lexicon as early as the late fourteenth century. Sequential hermaphrodites ( dichogamy ) occur in species in which the individual first develops as one sex, but can later change into the opposite sex. (Definitions differ on whether sequential hermaphroditism encompasses serial hermaphroditism; for authors who exclude serial hermaphroditism,

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