79-473: [REDACTED] This article relies largely or entirely on a single source . Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page . Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources . Find sources: "Duryea Brothers" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( November 2023 ) American automotive pioneers For
158-659: A Learning City . The number of international students studying in Adelaide has increased rapidly in recent years to 30,726 in 2015, of which 1,824 were secondary school students. Foreign institutions have been attracted to set up campuses to increase its attractiveness as an education hub. Adelaide is the birthplace of three Nobel laureates, more than any other Australian city : physicist William Lawrence Bragg and pathologists Howard Florey and Robin Warren , all of whom completed secondary and tertiary education at St Peter's College and
237-534: A "photographist" rather than a "Daguerrean Artist", the Daguerreotype process having been rendered largely obsolete by the collodiotype , ambrotype and albumen print . The partnership with Sanford was dissolved 1863 He introduced the Sennotype process, for producing superior tinted photographs, to South Australia. The achievement for which Duryea is best remembered is his Panorama of December 1865. Taken from
316-413: A four-yearly basis, are responsible for local roads and stormwater management, waste collection, planning and development, fire prevention and hazard management, dog and cat management and control, parking control, public health and food inspections, and other services for their local communities. Councils have the power to raise revenue for their activities, which is mostly achieved through "council rates",
395-738: A giant mosaic of 520 men attending a banquet given for "Old Colonists" in Adelaide by the merchant Emanuel Solomon In 1903 a copy of this picture was donated to the Public Library , who made every effort to identify the subjects. A similar set of photographs (one of the men and one of the women) made by H. Jones was presented to the Library in 1910. Such was the rate of progress in photography in those days that photographs taken by Duryea in 1871, when shown at The Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1879, were criticised for their quality and small size, especially as compared with those of Queensland . His studio
474-527: A jeweller's shop, then diversified to photography professionally. He joined Duryea in Adelaide in 1866, later had his own studio in King William Street, specialising in child portraits. A notable production was the pair of group photographs of old colonists which in 1910 they were purchased by T. R. Bowman and donated to the Public Library . His son T. H. Jones was a noted organist and choirmaster. See main article Henry Fenton Spread (1844–1890)
553-571: A partnership with Archibald McDonald as "Duryea and Macdonald, Daguerrean Artists" at 3 and 5 Bourke Street , East and sold their mining equipment. By September 1854 they had opened studios at 9 Collins Street West and advertised their offices at 5 Bourke Street to let. Sanford followed his brother to Australia in 1854. In 1854 they opened a studio in Geelong and one in Hobart at 46 Liverpool Street on 11 December 1854, and exhibited that same year in
632-515: A penal colony. Although South Australia was constituted such that convicts could never be transported to the Province, some emancipated or escaped convicts or expirees made their own way there, both prior to 1836, or later, and may have constituted 1–2% of the early population. The plan for the province was that it would be an experiment in reform, addressing the problems perceived in British society. There
711-543: A photographer in 1880. He was working as photo-colorist for A. A. Stump from 1887. His wife died on 27 January 1881. He married again, on 14 February 1882, to Ruth Wright (née Dollman). He moved to Mosman Bay , Sydney some time around 1900. His son J(ohn) Ulrich Hood was killed in action at Ypres , Belgium on 15 October 1917. Henry Jones (1826 – 18 October 1911) was born in Bristol , England, trained as watchmaker and jeweller, and in 1826 migrated to Victoria , where he opened
790-494: A photographic studio in 253 Fulton Street, Brooklyn , New York from 1888 to 1890. Another reference gives the address as 297 Fulton Street and has him retiring around 1893. Yet another reference has him running his Brooklyn studio for "a third of a century". Both Sanford and Ellen died in New York. Their children included: Note that many Australian newspaper references spelled his name "Sandford", almost certainly erroneously as
869-487: A province or provinces in southern Australia. The act stated that the land between 132° and 141° east longitude and from 26° south latitude to the southern ocean would be allotted to the intended colony, and it would be convict-free. In contrast to the rest of Australia, terra nullius did not apply to the new province. The Letters Patent , which used the enabling provisions of the South Australia Act 1834 to fix
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#1732851667150948-684: A section of the coastline as far east as the Nuyts Archipelago . Thijssen named the whole of the country eastward of the Leeuwin "Nuyts Land", after a distinguished passenger on board; the Hon. Pieter Nuyts , one of the Councillors of India . The coastline of South Australia was first mapped by Matthew Flinders and Nicolas Baudin in 1802, excepting the inlet later named the Port Adelaide River which
1027-505: A steam engine to her, renamed her Enterprise and used her for collecting oysters. Townsend's original training was as a mining engineer, and formed a company Duryea and Co. which bought several claims at Wallaroo , section 471 being proved highly prospective, having near the surface a seam of some of the richest ore ever found. and a prospectus released by directors Duryea, Edward John Peake SM and George Dehane in April 1861, offering shares to
1106-723: A tax based on property valuations. Council rates make up about 70% of council revenue, but account for less than 4% of total taxes paid by Australians. As at December 2021 the population of South Australia was 1,806,599. A majority of the state's population lives within Greater Adelaide 's metropolitan area which had an estimated population of 1,333,927 in June 2017. Other significant population centres include Mount Gambier (29,505), Victor Harbor - Goolwa (26,334), Whyalla (21,976), Murray Bridge (18,452), Port Lincoln (16,281), Port Pirie (14,267), and Port Augusta (13,957). At
1185-537: A theory espoused by Edward Gibbon Wakefield that was later employed by the New Zealand Company . The goal was to establish the province as a centre of civilisation for free immigrants, promising civil liberties and religious tolerance. Although its history has been marked by periods of economic hardship, South Australia has remained politically innovative and culturally vibrant. Today, it is known for its fine wine and numerous cultural festivals. The state's economy
1264-468: A widely anticipated race at Milang on 23 September 1858, she won convincingly against the Lady MacDonnell owned by Hughes and Carter of Wellington. In a return match on 21 October, Coquette led all the way, on each occasion winning for her owner £50. Duryea disposed of the boat by raffle later that year. A later owner was Henry Jackson Moseley , owner of Glenelg 's Pier Hotel. In 1865 he fitted
1343-472: Is also the world's fourth-largest remaining copper deposit, and the world's fifth largest gold deposit. There was a proposal to vastly expand the operations of the mine, making it the largest open-cut mine in the world, but in 2012 the BHP Billiton board decided not to go ahead with it at that time due to then lower commodity prices. The remote town of Coober Pedy produces more opal than anywhere else in
1422-626: Is dominated by the agricultural, manufacturing and mining industries. Evidence of human activity in South Australia dates back as far as 20,000 years, with flint mining activity and rock art in the Koonalda Cave on the Nullarbor Plain . In addition wooden spears and tools were made in an area now covered in peat bog in the South East. Kangaroo Island was inhabited long before the island
1501-582: Is flanked by the Southern Ocean , but official international consensus defines the Southern Ocean as extending north from the pole only to 60°S or 55°S, at least 17 degrees of latitude further south than the most southern point of South Australia. Thus the south coast is officially adjacent to the south-most portion of the Indian Ocean. See Southern Ocean: Existence and definitions . The southern part of
1580-547: Is the Mount Lofty - Flinders Ranges system, which extends north about 800 kilometres (500 mi) from Cape Jervis to the northern end of Lake Torrens . The highest point in the state is not in those ranges; Mount Woodroffe (1,435 metres (4,708 ft)) is in the Musgrave Ranges in the extreme northwest of the state. The south-western portion of the state consists of the sparsely inhabited Nullarbor Plain , fronted by
1659-447: Is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which includes some of the most arid parts of the continent, and with 1.8 million people it is the fifth-largest of the states and territories by population. This population is the second-most highly centralised in the nation after Western Australia , with more than 77% of South Australians living in the capital Adelaide or its environs. Other population centres in
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#17328516671501738-710: The Adelaide Hills . Tomatoes , capsicums , cucumbers , brassicas , lettuce and carrots are grown on the Northern Adelaide Plains at Virginia . Almonds , citrus and stone fruit are grown in the Riverland . Potatoes , onions and carrots are grown in the Murray Mallee region. Potatoes are grown on Kangaroo Island . South Australia produces more than half of all Australian wine, including almost 80% of Australia's premium wines. South Australia has
1817-656: The Governor of South Australia as his representative. It is a state of the Commonwealth of Australia . The bicameral Parliament of South Australia consists of the lower house known as the House of Assembly and the upper house known as the Legislative Council . General elections are held every four years, the last being the 2022 election . Initially, the Governor of South Australia held almost total power, derived from
1896-569: The Hornsdale Wind Farm in South Australia's Mid-North region. At the time of construction in late 2017, it was billed as the largest lithium-ion battery in the world. The Olympic Dam mine near Roxby Downs in northern South Australia is the largest deposit of uranium in the world, possessing more than a third of the world's low-cost recoverable reserves and 70% of Australia's. The mine, owned and operated by BHP , presently accounts for 9% of global uranium production. The Olympic Dam mine
1975-699: The Riverland and the Adelaide Hills . See South Australian wine . South Australia has boundaries with every other Australian mainland state and territory except the Australian Capital Territory and the Jervis Bay Territory . The Western Australia border has a history involving the South Australian government astronomer, G.F. Dodwell, and the Western Australian Government Astronomer , H.B. Curlewis , marking
2054-491: The Torrens Title system of land registration. She married John Hood (see below) in 1871. John Hood (c. 1839 – 15 May 1924) from Reading, Berkshire or Camberwell worked for Duryea from 1863 to 1869 or perhaps to 1872 He married Martha Mary Hubbe on 18 September 1871. He was appointed drawing master at Glenelg Grammar School from 1873 to 1875 as replacement for Wilton Hack , who had left for Japan. He began working as
2133-511: The University of Adelaide . Adelaide is home to research institutes, including the Royal Institution of Australia , established in 2009 as a counterpart to the two-hundred-year-old Royal Institution of Great Britain. Most of the research organisations are clustered in the Adelaide metropolitan area: South Australia is a constitutional monarchy with King Charles III as sovereign, and
2212-497: The "Albert Tower" of the Town Hall, it is composed of 14 photographs which Townsend made in the course of one day. In 1866 he commenced another speciality – vignette cartes de visite . One of the first to order was Commodore Sir William and Lady Wiseman . A notable production, a group photograph of the staff of Harris Scarfe was presented to the founder, George Harris , on his departure for England in 1867. Townsend Duryea
2291-534: The 2016 census, 78.2% of the population spoke only English at home. The other languages most commonly spoken at home were Italian (1.7%), Standard Mandarin (1.7%), Greek (1.4%), Vietnamese (1.1%), and Cantonese (0.6%). At the 2016 census , overall 53.9% of responses identified some variant of Christianity . 9% of respondents chose not to state a religion. The most commonly nominated responses were 'No Religion' (35.4%), Catholicism (18%), Anglicanism (10%) and Uniting Church (7.1%). South Australia
2370-417: The 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were: 28.9% of the population was born overseas at the 2016 census. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from England (5.8%), India (1.6%), China (1.5%), Italy (1.1%) and Vietnam (0.9%). 2% of the population, or 34,184 people, identified as Indigenous Australians ( Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders ) in 2016. At
2449-572: The 2020–21 financial year. This was the first time since the Australian Bureau of Statistics began collecting data in 1990 that South Australia had outperformed the other states. The recovery was driven in part by growth in the agricultural sector, which increased its production by almost 24% thanks to the end of a drought. Wheat , barley , oats , rye , peas , beans , chickpeas , lentils and canola are grown in South Australia. Apples , pears , cherries and strawberries are grown in
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2528-569: The Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the six states and two territories. The majority of its people reside in greater Metropolitan Adelaide. Most of the remainder are settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray . The state's colonial origins are unique in Australia as a freely settled, planned British province , rather than as a convict settlement. Colonial government commenced on 28 December 1836, when
2607-530: The Commissioners' permission to send Company ships to South Australia, in advance of the surveys and ahead of the Commissioners' colonists. The company's settlement of seven vessels and 636 people was temporarily made at Kingscote on Kangaroo Island, until the official site of the capital was selected by William Light, where the City of Adelaide is currently located. The first immigrants arrived at Holdfast Bay (near
2686-602: The Fire Brigade, but the incident prompted calls for a permanent Fire Station. After some dispute, the total of the £1,456/13/4d claimed from his insurers was paid out, but Townsend had lost some 50,000 glass slides of inestimable historic value. Photographs salvaged from the fire were made available to the public by Duryea at the Adelaide School of Photography, 51 Rundle Street, in June 1875. Townsend Duryea left for Europe late May 1875 to organise re-stocking. The owner at
2765-574: The Imperial Parliament enacted the Australian Colonies Government Act , which allowed for the election of representatives to each of the colonial legislatures and the drafting of a constitution to properly create representative and responsible government in South Australia. Later that year, propertied male colonists were allowed to vote for 16 members on a new 24 seat Legislative Council. Eight members continued to be appointed by
2844-733: The Melbourne Exhibition. Their partnership was dissolved January 1855 and Duryea was in Adelaide late that month, but the Liverpool Street, Hobart business was still advertising as "Duryea and Macdonald" in April, when Duryea's Adelaide studio was opened. It was in August, at his new Launceston studio, that McDonald began advertising as "Macdonald and Co,". The Bourke Street business was taken over by Dr. Thomas Adam Hill (died 2 June 1897), then in 1862 bought out by Johnstone and Co., which in 1865 became Johnstone, O'Shannessy and Co with
2923-586: The Naturalization Act and all US references have "Sanford". His middle name "Bennett" was seldom used in any context, even as an initial. Martha Mary Hübbe (1 August 1848 – 27 January 1881), properly Anglicised as "Huebbe" but often "Hubbe", was an artist born in Macclesfield, South Australia who worked in Duryea's studio as a photo-colourist. She was a daughter of Ulrich Hübbe , who was largely responsible for
3002-659: The United States: to Madelina Paff on 20 March 1844 at Hempstead, Queens, New York and had three children; and Elizabeth Mary Smith about 1854 at Long Island, New York and had five children. He married Catherine Elizabeth Friggens (1847–1925) on 22 May 1872 at her residence in Adelaide , South Australia and had five children. His children included: He married Catherine Elizabeth "Kate" Friggens (misreported as "Friggins") (28 November 1847 – 10 November 1925) on 22 May 1872 Sanford Bennett Duryea (22 February 1833 – 20 March 1903)
3081-561: The Yorke's Peninsula Company. The mine never showed a profit. He moved to Yanga Farm near Yanga Lake on the Murrumbidgee River some 13 km from Balranald . He later moved to Parkside, Glen Emu, near Balranald, where he suffered a stroke then died on 13 December 1888, after falling from a buggy in which he was riding with his daughter. Duryea Street, Balranald [1] may have been named for him or his family. Duryea married twice in
3160-478: The addition of partner Emily O’Shannessy, and later Scott, Johnstone, & O'Shannessy, who were represented in Adelaide by the Melbourne Photographic Company at 16 Rundle Street . He was soon touting for business (as M. Duryea, presumably to emphasise his French ancestry) at his studio upstairs 68 King William Street, at the corner of Grenfell Street rented from Alexander Hay . He worked in
3239-501: The border on the ground in the 1920s. In 1863, that part of New South Wales to the north of South Australia was annexed to South Australia, by letters patent, as the "Northern Territory of South Australia", which became shortened to the Northern Territory on 6 July 1863 . The Northern Territory was handed to the federal government in 1911 and became a separate territory. According to Australian maps, South Australia's south coast
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3318-486: The boundaries of the Province of South Australia, provided that "nothing in those our Letters Patent shall affect or be construed to affect the rights of any Aboriginal Natives of the said Province to the actual occupation and enjoyment in their own Persons or in the Persons of their Descendants of any Lands therein now actually occupied or enjoyed by such Natives." Although the patent guaranteed land rights under force of law for
3397-604: The cliffs of the Great Australian Bight . Features of the coast include Spencer Gulf and the Eyre and Yorke Peninsulas that surround it. The Temperate Grassland of South Australia is situated to the east of Gulf St Vincent . The principal industries and exports of South Australia are wheat, wine and wool. More than half of Australia's wines are produced in the South Australian wine regions which principally include Barossa Valley , Clare Valley , McLaren Vale , Coonawarra ,
3476-581: The community and enforce government regulations. Their principal role was to run the first temporary gaol, a two-room hut. The current flag of South Australia was adopted on 13 January 1904, and is a British blue ensign defaced with the state badge. The badge is described as a piping shrike with wings outstretched on a yellow disc. The state badge is believed to have been designed by Robert Craig of Adelaide's School of Design . The terrain consists largely of arid and semi-arid rangelands, with several low mountain ranges . The most important (but not tallest)
3555-545: The continent, early settlements were all on the eastern coast and only a few intrepid explorers ventured this far west. It took more than forty years before any serious proposal to establish settlements in the south-western portion of New South Wales were put forward. On 15 August 1834, the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834 ( Foundation Act ), which empowered His Majesty to erect and establish
3634-570: The early colony. Their parents were Ann Bennett Duryea (1795–1882), and Hewlett K. Duryea (1794–1887), a land agent, possibly a member of the family well known for starch manufacture in Glen Cove (often reported as "Glencoe"), Long Island , in New York City. Duryea arrived in Melbourne in 1852 at the time of the gold rush, but may have despaired of striking it rich, as around September 1853 he set up
3713-479: The first in the world to allow women to stand for election. In 1897 Catherine Helen Spence was the first woman in Australia to be a candidate for political office when she was nominated to be one of South Australia's delegates to the conventions that drafted the constitution. South Australia became an original state of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. Although the lower house had universal suffrage,
3792-497: The government is the party or coalition that exerts a majority in the House of Assembly. The Legislative Council remained a predominantly conservative chamber elected by property owners. Women's suffrage in Australia took a leap forward – enacted in 1895 and taking effect from the 1896 colonial election , South Australia was the first government in Australia and only the second in the world after New Zealand to allow women to vote, and
3871-526: The governor. The main responsibility of this body was to draft a constitution for South Australia. The body drafted the most democratic constitution ever seen in the British Empire and provided for universal manhood suffrage . It created the bicameral Parliament of South Australia . For the first time in the colony, the executive was elected by the people, and the colony used the Westminster system , where
3950-694: The indigenous inhabitants, it was ignored by the South Australian Company authorities and squatters. Despite strong reference to the rights of the native population in the initial proclamation by the Governor, there were many conflicts and deaths in the Australian Frontier Wars in South Australia. Survey was required before settlement of the province, and the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia appointed William Light as
4029-1153: The invention of the gasoline-powered automobile by Carl Benz . Main articles [ edit ] Charles Duryea J. Frank Duryea See also [ edit ] Duryea Motor Wagon Company Duryea Power Duryea Motor Wagon Stevens-Duryea Sylph (bicycle brand) References [ edit ] ^ Flink, James (1990). The Automobile Idea . MIT Press . p. 5. ISBN 0262560550 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duryea_Brothers&oldid=1198883660 " Categories : Brother duos Duryea American automotive pioneers People from Wyoming, Illinois Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from November 2023 All articles needing additional references Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Townsend and Sanford Duryea Townsend Duryea (1823 – 13 December 1888) and his brother Sanford Duryea (22 February 1833 – 20 March 1903, see below) were American-born photographers who provided South Australians with invaluable images of life in
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#17328516671504108-403: The lead over other Australian states for its commercialisation and commitment to renewable energy . It is now the leading producer of wind power in Australia. Renewable energy is a growing source of electricity in South Australia, and there is potential for growth from this particular industry of the state's economy. The Hornsdale Power Reserve is a bank of grid-connected batteries adjacent to
4187-409: The leader of its 'First Expedition', tasked with examining 1500 miles of the South Australian coastline and selecting the best site for the capital, and with then planning and surveying the site of the city into one-acre Town Sections and its surrounds into 134-acre Country Sections. Eager to commence the establishment of their whale and seal fisheries, the South Australian Company sought, and obtained,
4266-456: The least amount of federal funding for its local road network of all states on a per capita and a per kilometre basis. During 2019-20: South Australia's gross state product (GSP) fell 1.4% in chain volume (real) terms (nationally, gross domestic product (GDP) fell 0.3%). South Australia came out of the COVID-19 recession better than the other Australian states, with the economy growing by 3.9% in
4345-656: The letters patent of the imperial government to create the colony. He was accountable only to the British Colonial Office , and thus democracy did not exist in the colony. A new body was created to advise the governor on the administration of South Australia in 1843 called the Legislative Council. It consisted of three representatives of the British Government and four colonists appointed by the governor. The governor retained total executive power. In 1851,
4424-482: The members of the council were sworn in near the Old Gum Tree . As with the rest of the continent, the region has a long history of human occupation by numerous tribes and languages. The South Australian Company established a temporary settlement at Kingscote , Kangaroo Island , on 26 July 1836, five months before Adelaide was founded. The guiding principle behind settlement was that of systematic colonisation ,
4503-453: The photographers, see Townsend and Sanford Duryea . [REDACTED] J. Frank Duryea (right) with Charles Duryea The Duryea brothers , Charles Duryea (December 15, 1861 – September 28, 1938) and J. Frank Duryea (October 8, 1869 – February 15, 1967) were early pioneers in the automobile industry. The brothers grew up in the town of Wyoming, Illinois . Together, they built the first American gasoline-powered automobile, eight years after
4582-474: The present day Glenelg ) in November 1836. The commencement of colonial government was proclaimed on 28 December 1836, now known as Proclamation Day . South Australia is the only Australian state to have never received British convicts. Another free settlement, Swan River colony was established in 1829 but Western Australia later sought convict labour, and in 1849 Western Australia was formally constituted as
4661-693: The prosperous country towns Gawler and Burra in December 1855, when the style of the company changed to "Duryea Brothers", indicating that Sanford was running the business in his brother's absence. He was in the Clare district around 1856, where he photographed John and Rebecca Ross. He visited Port Lincoln in August 1857, (assistants perhaps Harvey and Hawson) Sanford left for Fremantle , Western Australia in 1857 Nixon and Duryea 1857–1859 In 1859 he began supplying photographic materials to other photographers. Soon after, his advertisements described him as
4740-409: The public. The first General Meeting saw B. T. Finniss elected Chairman in place of the major shareholder, Mr. E. J. Peake. Other directors in 1862 were E. F. Macgeorge , H. C. Gleeson and H. C. Uhlman. The first Secretary, James Litwell Alsop, sacked for neglecting his duties, was nevertheless found not guilty of embezzlement. After three years of indifferent results, the directors sold the mine to
4819-515: The state are relatively small; Mount Gambier , the second-largest centre, has a population of 26,878. South Australia shares borders with all the other mainland states. It is bordered to the west by Western Australia , to the north by the Northern Territory , to the north-east by Queensland , to the east by New South Wales , to the south-east by Victoria , and to the south by the Great Australian Bight . The state comprises less than 8% of
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#17328516671504898-538: The state has a Mediterranean climate , while the rest of the state has either an arid or semi-arid climate . South Australia's main temperature range is 29 °C (84 °F) in January and 15 °C (59 °F) in July. The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) at Oodnadatta on 2 January 1960, which is the highest official temperature recorded in Australia. The lowest minimum temperature
4977-578: The state's upper house with the balance of power controlled by a variety of minor parties and independents. Local government in South Australia is established by the Constitution Act 1934 (SA), the Local Government Act 1999 (SA), and the Local Government (Elections) Act 1999 (SA). South Australia contains 68 councils and 6 Aboriginal and outback communities . Local councils, elected on
5056-539: The studio moved to the first floor, 37–39 Rundle Street, previously Mrs Aish's Café de Paris . In 1911 the company became by amalgamation the Thelma-Duryea studio. Using the experience of boatbuilding he had acquired in America, he built the 30 foot centre-board cutter Coquette , intended for trade on the River Murray and Lake Albert , on Magill Road behind the Maid and Magpie Hotel. Coquette had her first real trial at Wellington against two entirely different classes of boat and failed to show superiority but in
5135-404: The time of the fire was George Prince; rebuilding was completed by the following February. By November 1875 Nixon had bought the King William Street business and put Manning in as manager. Manning bought "Duryea's Studio" 1 April 1878 from Nixon In the 1890s he began offering enlargements, the use of bromide paper, and use of the "American airbrush" for touching up and colouring. In 1902
5214-423: The upper house, the Legislative Council, remained the exclusive domain of property owners until the Labor government of Don Dunstan managed to achieve reform of the chamber in 1973. Property qualifications were removed and the Council became a body elected via proportional representation by a single state-wide electorate. Since the following 1975 South Australian state election , no one party has had control of
5293-447: The world. Opal was first discovered near the town in 1915, and the town became the site of an opal rush, enticing immigrants from southern and eastern Europe in the aftermath of World War II . Higher education and research in Adelaide forms an important part of South Australia's economy. The South Australian Government and educational institutions have attempted to position Adelaide as Australia's education hub and have marketed it as
5372-411: Was naturalized by Act of Parliament in 1858. They had a son 1 January 1859 and later that year returned to Adelaide, resuming the partnership with his brother. His wife had another son on 18 August 1862 in Adelaide, and on 25 April 1863 the Duryea brothers dissolved their partnership. He returned to the US around 1864, living in a town reported as Granthaven (perhaps Grand Haven, Michigan ). He ran
5451-410: Was a painter born in Bergen, Norway , trained at the University of Copenhagen and at Dresden under Professor Johan Christian Dahl . He was transported to Australia in 1846 for forgery. South Australian South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA ) is a state in the southern central part of Australia . With a total land area of 984,321 square kilometres (380,048 sq mi), it
5530-422: Was an Irish painter who worked with the Duryea studio from 1866, using photographs on specially prepared canvas as the basis of his painted portraits. He appears to have stayed with Townsend for around a year, and was replaced by John Hood. He moved to America, where he founded Spread's Art Academy which in 1902 became the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts . Knud Geelmuyden Bull (10 September 1811 – 22 December 1889)
5609-410: Was appointed official photographer for the 1867 visit of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh , to Adelaide in 1867. He produced a bound booklet to present to His Royal Highness as a souvenir of his visit to Adelaide, and was rewarded with authority to use the slogan "By Royal Appointment". In August 1868 he commenced a series of portraits of every member of the judiciary and parliament In 1871 he made
5688-623: Was born in North Hempstead , Long Island , New York, the son of Hewlett K. Duryea (1794–1887), a land agent, and Ann Bennett Duryea (1795–1882), and brother of Townsend Duryea. He followed Townsend to Australia, perhaps as late as 1854, working with him and McDonald in Melbourne, Geelong, Hobart and Launceston. He left Adelaide in 1857 for Western Australia and settled at Mount Eliza near Perth where, on 18 March 1858, he married Ellen Amelia Leeder (2 October 1839 – 16 June 1924) of Perth. and
5767-536: Was cut off by rising sea levels . According to mitochondrial DNA research, Aboriginal people reached Eyre Peninsula 49,000-45,000 years ago from both the east (clockwise, along the coast, from northern Australia) and the west (anti-clockwise). The first recorded European sighting of the South Australian coast was in 1627 when the Dutch ship the Gulden Zeepaert , captained by François Thijssen , examined and mapped
5846-459: Was destroyed by fire early on the morning of Sunday 18 April 1875. The gas main tap had not been turned off, which may have exacerbated the situation, and the storeroom contained flammable chemicals and papers, but the inquest conducted by J. M. Solomon JP could not determine the initial cause. The adjacent buildings (Victoria Chambers on King William Street and the offices of Francis Clark and Sons on Grenfell Street) were saved from severe damage by
5925-575: Was first discovered in 1831 by Captain Collet Barker and later accurately charted in 1836–37 by Colonel William Light , leader of the South Australian Colonization Commissioners' 'First Expedition' and first Surveyor-General of South Australia. The land which now forms the state of South Australia was claimed for Britain in 1788 as part of the colony of New South Wales . Although the new colony included almost two-thirds of
6004-461: Was the first Australian colony not to have an official state religion, and the colony became attractive to people who had experienced religious discrimination, including Methodists and Unitarians . South Australia also had thousands of Prussian Old Lutheran immigrants, some of whom established their own form of Lutheranism. As a result, the Lutheran Church of Australia remains separate from
6083-422: Was to be religious freedom and no established religion. Sales of land to colonists created an Emigration Fund to pay the costs of transferring a poor young labouring population to South Australia. In early 1838 the colonists became concerned after it was reported that convicts who had escaped from the eastern states may make their way to South Australia. The South Australia Police was formed in April 1838 to protect
6162-559: Was upgraded to AAA by Standard & Poor's in September 2004 and to AAA by Moody's in November 2004, the highest credit ratings achievable by any company or sovereign. The state had previously lost these ratings in the State Bank collapse. However, in 2012 Standard & Poor's downgraded the state's credit rating to AA+ due to declining revenues, new spending initiatives and a weaker than expected budgetary outlook. South Australia receives
6241-769: Was −8.2 °C (17.2 °F) at Yongala on 20 July 1976. The region's overall dry weather is owed to the Australian High on the Great Australian Bight. As of 2016, South Australia had 746,105 people employed out of a total workforce of 806,593, giving an unemployment rate of 7.5%. South Australia's largest employment sector is health care and social assistance, making up 14.8% of the state's total employment, followed by retail (10.7%), education and training (8.6%), manufacturing (8%), and construction (7.6%). South Australia's economy relies on exports more than any other state in Australia. South Australia's credit rating
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